SEC File No. 812-15075
United
States of America
Before the
Securities and Exchange Commission
Washington,
DC 20549
In the Matter of:
First
Trust Series Fund
First
Trust Variable Insurance Trust
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund II
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund III
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund IV
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund V
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VI
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VII
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VIII
First
Trust Exchange-Traded AlphaDEX® Fund
First
Trust Exchange-Traded AlphaDEX® Fund
II
First
Trust Advisors L.P.
Amendment No. 2 to an Application
for an Order under Section 6(c) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, for an Exemption from Sections 18(f)
and 21(b); under Section 12(d)(1)(J) for an Exemption from Section 12(d)(1); under Sections 6(c) and 17(b)
for an Exemption from Sections 17(a)(1), 17(a)(2) and 17(a)(3); and under Section 17(d) and Rule 17d-1 to Permit
Certain Joint Arrangements and Transactions
All communications and orders to:
First Trust Series Fund
First Trust Variable Insurance Trust
First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund
First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund II
First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund III
First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund IV
First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund V
First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VI
First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VII
First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VIII
First
Trust Exchange-Traded AlphaDEX® Fund
First
Trust Exchange-Traded AlphaDEX® Fund
II
First Trust Advisors L.P.
120 East Liberty Drive, Suite 400
Wheaton, IL 60187
Attn: W. Scott Jardine
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With a copy to:
Eric F. Fess
Felice R. Foundos
Suzanne M. Russell
Chapman and Cutler LLP
111 West Monroe
Chicago, IL 60603
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This Application
(including Exhibits) contains 35 pages.
As filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on April 6, 2020
I. Statement
of Facts
First Trust
Series Fund, First Trust Variable Insurance Trust, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund
II, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund III, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund
IV, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund V, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VI, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VII, First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VIII, First Trust Exchange-Traded AlphaDEX® Fund and First Trust Exchange-Traded AlphaDEX® Fund II (each a Trust and, collectively, the Trusts), each a registered open-end management
investment company that offers one or more series of shares, on their own behalf and on behalf of each of their respective series,
together with First Trust Advisors L.P. (First Trust), hereby submit this amended application for an order
of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the Commission) under Section 6(c) of the Investment Company
Act of 1940, as amended (1940 Act), for an exemption from Sections 18(f) and 21(b); under Section 12(d)(1)(J)
for an exemption from Section 12(d)(1); under Sections 6(c) and 17(b) for an exemption from Sections 17(a)(1),
17(a)(2) and 17(a)(3); and under Section 17(d) and Rule 17d-1 to permit certain joint arrangements and transactions
(the Application). Each of the Trusts and First Trust is referred to as an Applicant and,
collectively, the Applicants. Applicants request that the order apply to the Applicants as well as to any existing
or future series of the Trusts and to any existing or future registered open-end management investment company or existing or
future series thereof (each existing or future series of a Trust or of any existing or future registered open-end management investment
company, a Fund and, collectively, the Funds) for which First Trust or any successor1
thereto or any entity controlling, controlled by, or under common control (within the meaning of Section 2(a)(9) of the 1940
Act) with First Trust or any successor thereto serves as investment adviser (First Trust and any other such investment adviser
may each be referred to as the Adviser or an Adviser and, collectively, the Advisers).
Certain of the Funds may be money market funds that comply with Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act (each, a Money Market Fund,
and collectively, the Money Market Funds and they are included in the term Funds).2
All entities
that currently intend to rely on the requested order have been named as Applicants and any other entity that relies on the requested
order in the future will comply with the terms and conditions of the Application.
II. Introduction
The requested
relief will permit the Applicants to participate in an interfund lending facility whereby the Funds may directly lend to and borrow
money from each other for temporary purposes (the “Interfund Program”), provided that the loans are made in
accordance with the terms and conditions described in this Application. The relief requested will enable the Funds to access an
available source of money and reduce costs incurred by the Funds that need to obtain loans for temporary purposes. The relief
requested also will permit those Funds that have uninvested cash available: (i) to earn a return on the money that they might
not otherwise be able to invest; or (ii) to earn a higher rate of interest on investment of their short-term balances.
Applicants submit that the requested exemptions are necessary and appropriate in the public interest and consistent with the protection
of investors and the purposes fairly intended by the policy and provisions of the 1940 Act.
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1
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For purposes of the requested order, “successor” is limited to an entity resulting from
a reorganization into another jurisdiction or a change in the type of business organization.
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2
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None of the existing Funds is a Money Market Fund, but if Money Market Funds rely on the requested
relief in the future, they typically will not participate as borrowers because such Funds rarely need to borrow cash to meet redemptions.
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III. Background
A. Description
of the Trusts
Each Trust
is a Massachusetts business trust. In addition, each Trust has issued one or more series, each series of shares having its own
investment objective or objectives and its own investment policies. The Board of Trustees of each Trust (each a “Board,”
and referred to herein collectively as the “Boards”) has the authority to create additional series and may do
so from time to time. Each Trust is registered with the Commission under the 1940 Act as an open-end management investment
company.
Applicants
intend to create one or more Funds that are short-term bond funds (referred to as “Central Funds”). The
Central Funds may participate as lenders in the Interfund Program, but will not participate as borrowers as it is not expected
that such Funds will need to borrow cash to meet redemptions. In accordance with applicable law, statutory exceptions or other
applicable relief, certain Funds intend to utilize their cash reserves that have not been invested in portfolio securities to purchase
shares of Central Funds. Each Central Fund will invest primarily in money market instruments and short maturity fixed income securities.3
Other than the Central Funds, each existing Fund currently offers or will offer its shares pursuant to a currently effective registration
statement registering its shares under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). It is currently
contemplated that shares of the Central Funds will be offered only to other Funds and therefore may not be registered under the
1933 Act.
B. Description
of the Advisers
First Trust
is registered with the Commission as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers
Act”), and is an Illinois limited partnership. Every Adviser will be registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers
Act.
An Adviser
will serve as investment adviser to each Fund pursuant to an investment management agreement between such Adviser (currently, First
Trust) and the applicable Trust, and to the extent applicable, oversee the activities of all sub-advisers to the Funds (the
“Sub-Advisers”). The Sub-Advisers, to the extent they are used by a Fund, will perform their work pursuant
to a sub-advisory agreement entered into with the applicable Trust and the Adviser to the Fund, and will be responsible for
managing all or a portion of the relevant Fund’s assets under the supervision of the applicable Adviser. Every Sub-Adviser
will be registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act or not subject to such registration.
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3
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Such instruments may include, but not be limited to, treasury bills and overnight repurchase agreements.
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C. Current
Borrowing Practices
The Funds’
current same-day cash availability includes their cash positions, amounts drawn on secured and unsecured liquidity facilities,
lines of credit, credit facilities and any cash that can be accessed through informal and uncommitted custodial overdraft arrangements
with each Fund’s custodial bank. Certain Funds may need to borrow to satisfy redemption requests or to cover unanticipated
cash shortfalls. Also, certain Funds may borrow for investment purposes or other lawful purposes. The amount of borrowing under
the Funds’ lines of credit is limited to the amount specified by fundamental investment restrictions, the terms specified
in the agreements, and/or other policies of the Funds and Section 18 of the 1940 Act. The applicable Funds pay an annual credit
facility fee for the lines of credit and pay interest on any borrowing at rates that are subject to upward adjustment when any
past-due payments are outstanding. The applicable Funds do not intend to terminate their current borrowing arrangements if the
relief requested herein is granted, but, in the future, may do so or, alternatively, may renegotiate such arrangements from time
to time. Furthermore, recent changes in regulatory bank capital rules may reduce willingness by banks to continue to provide the
Funds with existing credit lines, or may cause banks to offer such credit lines at commitment fees and spreads significantly in
excess of current rates.
Each Fund may
borrow up to the maximum amount allowable under its current prospectus and statement of additional information, subject to various
other legal, regulatory or contractual limits. Current regulations effectively permit a Fund to borrow from a bank in an amount
up to 1/3 of the Fund’s total assets (including the amount borrowed) and to borrow additional amounts up to 5% of the
Fund’s total assets for temporary purposes. The Interfund Program may also be utilized for situations other than unusually
high redemptions, such as if rates under any future third-party credit facilities become economically unattractive, though importantly,
the Interfund Program cannot be used for leverage.4
D. The
Interfund Program
Under the order
requested in this Application, the Funds would be authorized to enter into a master interfund agreement with each other that will
allow each Fund whose policies permit it to do so to lend money directly to and borrow money directly from other Funds for temporary
purposes through the Interfund Program (each an “Interfund Loan”). Funds making Interfund Loans are referred
to below as “Lending Funds,” and Funds borrowing pursuant to an Interfund Loan are referred to below as “Borrowing
Funds.” While bank borrowings and/or custodian overdrafts (which may be available at the custodian’s discretion)
generally could supply Funds with needed cash to cover unanticipated redemptions and “sales fails,” under the proposed
Interfund Program, a Borrowing Fund would pay lower interest rates than those that would be typically payable under short-term
loans offered by banks or custodian overdrafts. In addition, Funds making short-term cash loans directly to other Funds would earn
interest at a rate higher than they otherwise could obtain from investing their cash in overnight repurchase agreements or other
substantially equivalent short-term investments (“Short-Term Instruments”). Thus, the proposed Interfund Program would
benefit both Borrowing Funds and Lending Funds. Although the proposed Interfund Program would reduce the Funds’ need to borrow
from banks or through custodian overdrafts, in the future, the Funds would be free to establish and/or continue committed lines
of credit or other liquidity access arrangements with banks in addition to those described above. The Funds may also have the potential
of using custodian overdrafts if it is determined at the time that such course of action is more appropriate, as in cases where
an urgent need arises that is better addressed through a custodian overdraft arrangement.
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4
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Funds that do not borrow for investment purposes may engage in investment activities, such as short sales
or investment in derivatives, which may have the effect of investment leverage.
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It is anticipated
that the Interfund Program would provide a Borrowing Fund with savings at times when the cash position of the Borrowing Fund is
insufficient to meet temporary cash requirements. This situation could arise when shareholder redemptions exceed anticipated volumes,
such as during periods when shareholders redeem from Funds in connection with the periodic re-balancing of their portfolios,
and certain Funds have insufficient cash on hand to satisfy such redemptions. Another example could arise if shareholder redemption
requests dramatically increase during a period of unusual market activity and cause the Funds to require short-term liquidity.
When Funds liquidate portfolio securities to meet redemption requests, they often do not receive payment in settlement for up to
two days (or longer for certain foreign transactions, fixed-income instruments and loans). However, redemption requests for
some of the Funds (i.e., generally Funds other than exchange-traded funds) normally are effected on a trade date plus one day (T+1)
basis —i.e., the day following the trade date.5
The Interfund Program would provide a source of immediate, short-term liquidity pending settlement of the sale of portfolio securities.
Similarly,
it is anticipated that a Fund could use the Interfund Program when a sale of securities “fails” due to circumstances
beyond the Fund’s control, such as a delay in the delivery of cash to the Fund’s custodian or improper delivery instructions
by the broker effecting the transaction. Sales fails may result in a cash shortfall if the Fund has undertaken to purchase securities
using the proceeds from securities sold. In the event of a sales fail, the custodian may extend temporary credit to cover the shortfall,
and the Fund would in such case incur overdraft charges. Alternatively, a Fund could (i) fail on its intended purchase due
to lack of funds from the previous sale, resulting in additional cost to the Fund; or (ii) sell a security on a same-day
settlement basis, earning a lower return on the investment. Use of the Interfund Program under these circumstances would enable
the Fund to have access to immediate short-term liquidity without the Fund incurring custodian overdraft or other charges.
Except for
Central Funds (which would participate in the Interfund Program only as Lending Funds), all Funds would be eligible to participate
in the Interfund Program as Borrowing Funds or Lending Funds. The Money Market Funds, if any, typically would not participate in
the Interfund Program as Borrowing Funds. Certain members of the Advisers’ and/or their affiliates’ administrative
and other personnel, which may include one or more investment professionals, including individuals involved in making investment
decisions regarding short-term investments (“Short-Term Desk
portfolio managers”), will administer the Interfund Program (collectively, the “Interfund Program Team”).
No portfolio manager of any Fund (other than Short-Term Desk portfolio managers) will serve as a member of the Interfund Program
Team.6
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5
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It is currently expected that many of the Funds will be exchange-traded funds. Redemption requests
for the Funds that are exchange-traded funds normally are effected on a trade date plus two day (T+2) basis. Although a significant
number of redemption requests for the other Funds normally are effected on a trade date plus one day (T+1) basis, redemption payments
can take as long as seven days from receipt of a request in good order and may be delayed further in certain limited circumstances
to the extent permitted by law.
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6
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Applicants believe that permitting the Interfund Program Team to include portfolio managers who are experienced
with making investment decisions regarding short-term investments will aid in the operation of the Interfund Program Team because
of such portfolio managers’ expertise in fixed-income investments, including repurchase agreements. Any portfolio manager
on the Interfund Program Team will be able to assist the Interfund Program Team in evaluating the options available for the Funds
that need to borrow money and assist in the determination of whether or not it is in the Funds’ best interests to utilize
an Interfund Loan or an alternative source of liquidity (for a Borrowing Fund) or to invest in short-term instruments (for
a Lending Fund). For the avoidance of doubt, Short-Term Desk portfolio managers include, but are not limited to, portfolio managers
of any Money Market Fund that may rely on the requested relief in the future.
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The interest
rate charged to the Funds on any Interfund Loan (“Interfund Loan Rate”) would be determined daily by the Interfund
Program Team and will consist of the average of the (1) “Repo Rate” and (2) “Bank Loan Rate,” as defined
below. The “Repo Rate” for any day would be the highest rate available to a Lending Fund from investing in overnight
repurchase agreements. The “Bank Loan Rate” for any day would be calculated by the Interfund Program Team on
each day an Interfund Loan is made according to a formula established by each Fund’s Board. The formula is designed to approximate
the lowest interest rate at which a bank short-term loan would be available to the Fund. The formula would be based upon a publicly
available rate (e.g., federal funds rate and/or the London Interbank Offered Rate “LIBOR”), plus an additional
spread of basis points and would vary with this rate so as to reflect changing bank loan rates. The initial formula and any subsequent
modifications to the formula would be subject to the approval of each Fund’s Board. In addition, each Fund’s Board
periodically would review the continuing appropriateness of reliance on the formula used to determine the Bank Loan Rate, as well
as the relationship between the Bank Loan Rate and current bank loan rates that would be available to the Fund. The continual adjustment
of the Bank Loan Rate to reflect changes in prevailing bank loan rates, as well as the periodic review by each Fund’s Board
of both the relationship between current bank rates and the Bank Loan Rate and the method of determining the Bank Loan Rate, would
together ensure that the Bank Loan Rate remains (i) consistent with current market rates, and (ii) is representative
of the cost of borrowing from banks for the Funds’ short-term needs. The Interfund Loan Rate would be the same for all Borrowing
Funds on a given day. Applicants submit that these procedures provide a high level of assurance that the Bank Loan Rate will be
representative of prevailing market rates.
The Interfund
Program will be administered by the Interfund Program Team. On any day when a Fund needs to borrow money, the Interfund Program
Team will consider the cash positions and borrowing needs of all Funds. Under the proposed Interfund Program, portfolio managers
for each participating Fund would have the ability to provide standing instructions to participate daily as a Borrowing Fund or
Lending Fund. The Interfund Program Team on each business day would collect data on the uninvested cash and borrowing requirements
of all participating Funds from the Funds’ custodian or other sources. Applicants anticipate that there will typically be
more available uninvested cash each day than borrowing demand. After the Interfund Program Team has allocated cash for Interfund
Loans, the Interfund Program Team will invest any remaining cash in accordance with the instructions of each relevant portfolio
manager or such remaining amounts will be invested directly by the
portfolio managers of the Funds. The Interfund Program Team will also consider how much earned lending revenue each Fund has had
and will attempt to allocate lending across all Funds that may make Interfund Loans in an equitable fashion. If there is not enough
cash available to meet all needs, the Interfund Program Team will decide the amount of cash that will be allocated to each Fund
needing to borrow money.
The Interfund
Loan Rate will never be set at a rate (i) less favorable to the Lending Fund than the Repo Rate or (ii) less favorable
to a Borrowing Fund than the Bank Loan Rate. Thus, no Interfund Loan would be made on terms unfavorable to either the Lending Fund
or the Borrowing Fund relative to these measures.
The Interfund
Program Team would allocate Interfund Loan demand and cash available for lending among the Funds on what the Interfund Program
Team believes to be an equitable basis, subject to certain administrative procedures applicable to all Funds, such as (i) the
time a Fund files a request to participate, (ii) minimum loan lot sizes, and (iii) the need to minimize the number of
transactions and associated administrative costs. To reduce transaction costs, each Interfund Loan normally would be allocated
in a manner intended to minimize the number of participants necessary to complete the loan transaction. The Interfund Program Team
will make an Interfund Loan in the required amount or for the amount of cash that is available only if the Interfund Loan Rate
is more favorable to the Lending Fund than the Repo Rate and more favorable to the Borrowing Fund than the Bank Loan Rate. To ensure
the Interfund Program will not interfere with an investment program, a portfolio manager may elect for his or her Fund(s) not to
participate in the Interfund Program for whatever amount of time he or she believes necessary to complete the investment program.
The Interfund Program Team will honor the election and short-term cash will be managed in accordance with current operating
procedures. It is anticipated that Funds whose portfolio managers “opt out” of the Interfund Program will opt out of
lending and borrowing.
The Interfund
Program Team would not solicit cash for the Interfund Program from any Fund or disseminate Interfund Loan demand data to any portfolio
manager of a Fund, except for Short-Term Desk portfolio managers serving as members of the Interfund Program Team. Once the
Interfund Program Team has determined the aggregate amount of cash available for Interfund Loans and corresponding demand, the
Interfund Program Team will allocate loans among Borrowing Funds without any further communication from the portfolio managers
of the Funds, except for Short-Term Desk portfolio managers serving as members of the Interfund Program Team.
The Interfund
Program Team would (a) monitor the Interfund Loan Rates charged and the other terms and conditions of the Interfund Loans;
(b) limit the borrowings and loans entered into by each Fund to ensure that they comply with the Fund’s investment policies
and limitations; (c) implement and follow procedures designed to ensure equitable treatment of each Fund; and (d) make
quarterly reports to the Board of each Fund concerning any transactions by the applicable Fund under the Interfund Program and
the Interfund Loan Rate charged.
The Advisers,
through the Interfund Program Team, would administer the Interfund Program as disinterested fiduciaries as part of their duties
under the investment management agreements with each Fund and would receive no additional fee as compensation for their services in connection with the administration
of the Interfund Program. The procedures for allocating cash among borrowers and determining loan participations among lenders
will be approved by the Board of each Fund, including a majority of the Board members who are not “interested persons,”
as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act (“Independent Board Members”), to ensure that both Borrowing
Funds and Lending Funds participate on an equitable basis. As part of the Board’s review of the continuing appropriateness
of a Fund’s participation in the proposed credit facility as required by condition 14, the Board of the Fund, including
a majority of the Independent Board Members, also will review the process in place to appropriately assess: (i) if the Fund
participates as a lender, any effect its participation may have on the Fund’s liquidity risk; and (ii) if the Fund participates
as a borrower, whether the Fund’s portfolio liquidity is sufficient to satisfy its obligations under the facility along with
its other liquidity needs.
The Interfund
Program would permit a Fund to lend to another Fund on an unsecured basis only if the Borrowing Fund’s total outstanding
borrowings from all sources are equal to or less than 10% of its total assets immediately after the interfund borrowing. If the
total outstanding borrowings of the Borrowing Fund immediately after the interfund borrowing were greater than 10% of its total
assets, the Lending Fund could lend only on a secured basis. Under current investment restrictions, each Fund’s lending activities
are also limited. The Funds may only lend to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act (including rules and regulations thereunder),
or interpretations or modifications by the Commission, Commission staff or other authority, and any applicable exemptive relief.
Amounts borrowed by each Fund, including any amount borrowed through the Interfund Program, must be consistent with the restrictions
applicable to each Fund at the time of the borrowing. The Interfund Program Team will verify with the Adviser of a Borrowing Fund
that a Borrowing Fund must either have receivables, assets that will mature, or liquid assets that will be sold so that the duration
of any borrowings made under the Interfund Program will be limited to the time it takes to receive payments from these sources
to pay off the obligation incurred under the Interfund Program. In addition, amounts borrowed through the proposed Interfund Program
would be reasonably related to a Fund’s temporary borrowing need. In order to facilitate monitoring of these conditions,
Applicants will limit a Fund’s borrowings through the proposed Interfund Program, as measured on the day when the most recent
loan was made, to the greater of 125% of the Fund’s total net cash redemptions for the preceding seven calendar days or 102%
of the Fund’s sales fails for the preceding seven calendar days. All loans would be callable on one business day’s
notice by the Lending Fund. A Borrowing Fund could repay an outstanding loan in whole or in part at any time. While the Borrowing
Fund would pay interest on the borrowings, the Borrowing Fund would not pay any fees in connection with any early repayment of
an Interfund Loan. The Funds will not borrow from the proposed Interfund Program for leverage purposes.
No Fund may
participate in the Interfund Program unless (i) the Fund has obtained shareholder approval for its participation, if such
approval is required by law, (ii) the Fund has fully disclosed all material information concerning the Interfund Program in
its registration statement on Form N-1A (or any successor form adopted by the Commission), and (iii) the Fund’s
participation in the Interfund Program is consistent with its investment objectives, limitations, and organizational documents.
IV. Statutory
Provisions
Section 12(d)(1)
of the 1940 Act generally makes it unlawful for a registered investment company to sell a security it issues to another investment
company or purchase any security issued by any other investment company except in accordance with the limitations set forth in
that Section.
Section 17(a)(1)
of the 1940 Act generally prohibits any affiliated person of a registered investment company, or any affiliated person of such
a person, from knowingly selling securities or other property to the investment company when acting as principal.
Section 17(a)(2)
of the 1940 Act generally prohibits any affiliated person of a registered investment company, or any affiliated person of such
a person, from knowingly purchasing securities or other property from the investment company when acting as principal.
Section 17(a)(3)
of the 1940 Act generally prohibits any affiliated person, or affiliated person of such a person, from borrowing money or other
property from a registered investment company when acting as principal. Section 17(d) of the 1940 Act and Rule 17d-1
thereunder generally prohibit any affiliated person of a registered investment company, or affiliated person of such a person,
when acting as principal, from effecting any transaction in which the investment company is a joint or a joint and several participant
unless permitted by a Commission order upon application.
Section 18(f)(1)
of the 1940 Act prohibits registered open-end investment companies from issuing any senior security except that any such registered
company shall be permitted to borrow from any bank provided that immediately after any such borrowing there is an asset coverage
of at least 300 per centum for all borrowings of such registered company. Under Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, the term “senior
security” includes any bond, debenture, note, or similar obligation or instrument constituting a security and an evidence
of indebtedness.
Section 21(b)
of the 1940 Act generally prohibits any registered management company from lending money or other property to any person if that
person controls or is under common control with that company.
Section 2(a)(3)(C)
of the 1940 Act defines an “affiliated person” of another person, in part, to be any person directly or indirectly
controlling, controlled by, or under common control with, such other person.
Section 2(a)(9)
of the 1940 Act defines “control” as “the power to exercise a controlling influence over the management
or policies of a company,” but excludes situations in which “such power is solely the result of an official position
with such company.”
Section 6(c)
of the 1940 Act provides that an exemptive order may be granted if and to the extent that such an exemption is “necessary
or appropriate in the public interest and consistent with the protection of investors and the purposes fairly intended by the policy
and provisions” of the 1940 Act.
Section 12(d)(1)(J)
of the 1940 Act provides that by order upon application, the Commission also may exempt persons, securities or transactions from
any provision of Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act “if and to the extent that such exemption is consistent with the public
interest and the protection of investors.”
Section 17(b)
of the 1940 Act generally provides that the Commission may grant applications and issue orders exempting a proposed transaction
from the provisions of Section 17(a) of the 1940 Act provided that (1) the terms of the proposed transaction, including
the compensation to be paid or received, are reasonable and fair and do not involve any overreaching, (2) the proposed transaction
is consistent with the policy of each applicable registered investment company as recited in its registration statement and reports
filed under the 1940 Act, and (3) the proposed transaction is consistent with the general purposes of the 1940 Act.
Rule 17d-1(b)
under the 1940 Act provides that in passing upon an application filed under the Rule, the Commission will consider whether the
participation of the registered investment company in a joint enterprise, joint arrangement or profit sharing plan on the basis
proposed is consistent with the provisions, policies and purposes of the 1940 Act and the extent to which such participation is
on a basis different from or less advantageous than that of other participants.
V. Request
for Order
In connection
with the Interfund Program, Applicants request an order under (i) Section 6(c) of the 1940 Act granting relief from
Sections 18(f) and 21(b) of the 1940 Act; (ii) Section 12(d)(1)(J) of the 1940 Act granting relief from Section 12(d)(1)
of the 1940 Act; (iii) Sections 6(c) and 17(b) of the 1940 Act granting relief from Sections 17(a)(1), 17(a)(2)
and 17(a)(3) of the 1940 Act; and (iv) Section 17(d) of the 1940 Act and Rule 17d-1 under the 1940 Act.
A. Conditions
of Exemption
Applicants
agree that any order granting the requested relief will be subject to the following conditions:
1. The Interfund Loan
Rate will be set at the average of the Repo Rate and the Bank Loan Rate.
2. On each business
day when an Interfund Loan is to be made, the Interfund Program Team will compare the Bank Loan Rate with the Repo Rate and will
make cash available for Interfund Loans only if the Interfund Loan Rate is (i) more favorable to the Lending Fund than the
Repo Rate, and (ii) more favorable to the Borrowing Fund than the Bank Loan Rate.
3. If a Fund has outstanding
bank borrowings, any Interfund Loan to the Fund will: (i) be at an interest rate equal to or lower than the interest rate
of any outstanding bank loan; (ii) be secured at least on an equal priority basis with at least an equivalent percentage of
collateral to loan value as any outstanding bank loan that requires collateral; (iii) have a maturity no longer than any
outstanding bank loan (and in any event not over seven days); and (iv) provide that, if an event of default occurs under any
agreement evidencing an outstanding bank loan to the Fund, that event of default will automatically (without need for action or
notice by the Lending Fund) constitute an immediate event of default under the interfund agreement, entitling the Lending Fund
to call the Interfund Loan (and exercise all rights with respect to any collateral), and that such call will be made if the lending
bank exercises its right to call its loan under its agreement with the Borrowing Fund.
4. A Fund may make
an unsecured borrowing under the Interfund Program if its outstanding borrowings from all sources immediately after the borrowing
under the Interfund Program are equal to or less than 10% of its total assets, provided that if the Fund has a secured loan outstanding
from any other lender, including but not limited to another Fund, the Fund’s borrowing under the Interfund Program will be
secured on at least an equal priority basis with at least an equivalent percentage of collateral to loan value as any outstanding
loan that requires collateral. If a Fund’s total outstanding borrowings immediately after borrowing under the Interfund Program
exceed 10% of its total assets, the Fund may borrow under the Interfund Program on a secured basis only. A Fund may not borrow
under the Interfund Program or from any other source if its total outstanding borrowings immediately after the borrowing would
be more than 33 1/3% of its total assets or any lower threshold provided for by a Fund’s fundamental restriction or non-fundamental
policy.
5. Before any Fund
that has outstanding interfund borrowings may, through additional borrowings, cause its outstanding borrowings from all sources
to exceed 10% of its total assets, the Fund must first secure each outstanding Interfund Loan by the pledge of segregated collateral
with a market value at least equal to 102% of the outstanding principal value of the loan. If the total outstanding borrowings
of a Fund with outstanding Interfund Loans exceed 10% of its total assets for any other reason (such as a decline in net asset
value or because of shareholder redemptions), the Fund will, within one business day thereafter: (i) repay all its outstanding
Interfund Loans; (ii) reduce its outstanding indebtedness to 10% or less of its total assets; or (iii) secure each outstanding
Interfund Loan by the pledge of segregated collateral with a market value at least equal to 102% of the outstanding principal value
of the loan until the Fund’s total outstanding borrowings cease to exceed 10% of its total assets, at which time the collateral
called for by this condition 5 shall no longer be required. Until each Interfund Loan that is outstanding at any time that a Fund’s
total outstanding borrowings exceed 10% of its total assets is repaid, or the Fund’s total outstanding borrowings cease to
exceed 10% of its total assets, the Fund will mark the value of the collateral to market each day, and will pledge such additional
collateral as is necessary to maintain the market value of the collateral that secures each outstanding Interfund Loan at least
equal to 102% of the outstanding principal value of the Interfund Loan.
6. No Fund may lend
to another Fund through the Interfund Program if the loan would cause the Lending Fund’s aggregate outstanding loans under
the Interfund Program to exceed 15% of its current net assets at the time of the loan.
7. A Fund’s
Interfund Loans to any one Fund shall not exceed 5% of the Lending Fund’s net assets.
8. The duration of
Interfund Loans will be limited to the time required to receive payment for securities sold, but in no event more than seven days.
Loans effected within seven days of each other will be treated as separate loan transactions for purposes of this condition.
9. A Fund’s
borrowings through the Interfund Program, as measured on the day when the most recent loan was made, will not exceed the greater
of 125% of the Fund’s total net cash redemptions for the preceding seven calendar days or 102% of the Fund’s sales fails
for the preceding seven calendar days.
10. Each Interfund
Loan may be called on one business day’s notice by a Lending Fund and may be repaid on any day by a Borrowing Fund.
11. A Fund’s
participation in the Interfund Program must be consistent with its investment restrictions, policies, objectives and limitations,
and organizational documents.
12. The Interfund
Program Team will calculate total Fund borrowing and lending demand through the Interfund Program, and allocate Interfund Loans
on an equitable basis among the Funds, without the intervention of any portfolio manager of the Funds (except Short-Term Desk
portfolio managers acting as members of the Interfund Program Team). All allocations will require the approval of at least one
member of the Interfund Program Team who is a high level employee and is not a Short-Term Desk portfolio manager. The Interfund
Program Team will not solicit cash for the Interfund Program from any Fund or prospectively publish or disseminate loan demand
data to the portfolio managers of the Funds, except for Short-Term Desk portfolio managers serving as members of the Interfund
Program Team. The Interfund Program Team will invest all amounts remaining after satisfaction of borrowing demand in accordance
with the instructions (including any standing instructions to have uninvested cash swept into an overnight repurchase agreement
or similar facility with its custodian bank) of each relevant portfolio manager or such remaining amounts will be invested directly
by the portfolio managers of the Funds.
13. The Interfund
Program Team will monitor the Interfund Loan Rate charged and the other terms and conditions of the Interfund Loans and will make
a quarterly report to the Boards of the Funds concerning the participation of the Funds in the Interfund Program and the terms
and other conditions of any extensions of credit under the Interfund Program.
14. The Board of each
Fund, including a majority of the Independent Board Members, will (i) review, no less frequently than quarterly, each Fund’s
participation in the Interfund Program during the preceding quarter for compliance with the conditions of any order permitting
such participation; (ii) establish the Bank Loan Rate formula used to determine the interest rate on Interfund Loans; (iii) review,
no less frequently than annually, the continuing appropriateness of the Bank Loan Rate formula; and (iv) review, no less frequently than annually,
the continuing appropriateness of each Fund’s participation in the Interfund Program.
15. Each Fund will
maintain and preserve for a period of not less than six years from the end of the fiscal year in which any transaction by it under
the Interfund Program occurred, the first two years in an easily accessible place, written records of all such transactions setting
forth a description of the terms of the transaction, including the amount, the maturity and the Interfund Loan Rate, the rate of
interest available at the time each Interfund Loan is made on overnight repurchase agreements and bank borrowings, and such other
information presented to the Boards of the Funds in connection with the review required by conditions 13 and 14.
16. In the event an
Interfund Loan is not paid according to its terms and the default is not cured within two business days from its maturity or from
the time the Lending Fund makes a demand for payment under the provisions of the interfund agreement, the Adviser to the Lending
Fund promptly will refer the loan for arbitration to an independent arbitrator selected by the Board of the Fund involved in the
loan, who will serve as arbitrator of disputes concerning Interfund Loans.7
The arbitrator will resolve any dispute promptly, and the arbitrator’s decision will be binding on both Funds. The arbitrator
will submit, at least annually, a written report to the Board of each Fund setting forth a description of the nature of any dispute
and the actions taken by the Funds to resolve the dispute.
17. The Advisers will
prepare and submit to the Boards for review an initial report describing the operations of the Interfund Program and the procedures
to be implemented to ensure that all Funds are treated fairly. After the commencement of the Interfund Program, the Advisers will
report on the operations of the Interfund Program at the Boards’ quarterly meetings. Each Fund’s chief compliance officer,
as defined in Rule 38a-1(a)(4) under the 1940 Act, shall prepare an annual report for its Board each year that the Fund participates
in the Interfund Program that evaluates the Fund’s compliance with the terms and conditions of the Application and the procedures
established to achieve such compliance. Each Fund’s chief compliance officer will also annually file a certification pursuant
to item G.1.a.v of Form N-CEN, as such Form may be revised, amended or superseded from time to time, for each year that the
Fund participates in the Interfund Program, that certifies that the Fund and its Adviser have implemented procedures reasonably
designed to achieve compliance with the terms and conditions of the order. In particular, such certification will address procedures
designed to achieve the following objectives:
(a) that the Interfund
Loan Rate will be set at a rate higher than the Repo Rate, but lower than the Bank Loan Rate;
(b) compliance with
the collateral requirements as set forth in the Application;
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If the dispute involves Funds that do not have a common Board, the Board of each affected Fund will
select an independent arbitrator that is satisfactory to each Fund.
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(c) compliance with
the percentage limitations on interfund borrowing and lending;
(d) allocation of
interfund borrowing and lending demand in an equitable manner and in accordance with procedures established by the Board; and
(e) that the Interfund
Loan Rate does not exceed the interest rate on any third-party borrowings of a Borrowing Fund at the time of the Interfund Loan.
Additionally,
each Fund’s independent registered public accountants, in connection with their audit examination of the Fund, will review
the operation of the Interfund Program for compliance with the conditions of the Application, and their review will form the basis,
in part, of their report on internal accounting controls in Form N-CEN or any superseding form.
18. No Fund will participate
in the Interfund Program, upon receipt of requisite regulatory approval, unless it has fully disclosed in its registration statement
on Form N-1A (or any successor form adopted by the Commission) all material facts about its intended participation.
VI. Support
of the Exemption
A. Precedents
The Commission
has granted orders permitting a number of fund complexes to establish an interfund lending program based on conditions substantially
the same as those proposed in this Application: e.g., First Investors Equity Funds, et al., Investment Co. Act Release Nos. 32318
(Oct. 14, 2016) (notice), and 32355 (Nov. 9, 2016) (order) (“First Investors Order”); Nuveen Fund
Advisors, LLC, et al., Investment Co. Act Release Nos. 32322 (Oct 21, 2016) (notice), and 32359 (Nov. 16, 2016) (order)
(“Nuveen Order”); Hartford Mutual Funds Inc., et al., Investment Co. Act Release Nos. 32338 (Oct. 26,
2016) (notice), and 32364 (Nov. 22, 2016) (order) (“Hartford Order”); The Boston Trust & Walden
Funds, et al., Investment Co. Act Release Nos. 32353 (Nov. 7, 2016) (notice), and 32377 (Dec. 2, 2016) (order)
(“Boston Trust Order”); Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust, et al., Investment Co. Act Release Nos. 32398
(Dec. 21, 2016) (notice), and 32425 (Jan. 18, 2017) (order) (“Virtus Order”); Transamerica Funds,
et al., Investment Co. Act Release Nos. 32400 (Dec. 21, 2016) (notice), and 32424 (Jan. 18, 2017) (order) (“Transamerica
Order”); PIMCO Funds, et al., Investment Co. Act Release Nos. 32867 (Oct. 23, 2017) (notice), and 32903 (Nov.
20, 2017) (order) (“PIMCO Order”); Aquila Funds Trust, et al., Investment Co. Act Release Nos. 33061
(Mar. 28, 2018) (notice), and 33078 (Apr. 24, 2018) (order) (“Aquila Order”); Eaton Vance Growth Trust, et
al., Investment Co. Act Release Nos. 33447 (Apr. 15, 2019) (notice), and 33473 (May 13, 2019) (order) (“Eaton Vance
Order”); Diamond Hill Funds and Diamond Hill Capital Management, Inc., Investment Co. Act Release Nos. 33616 (Sept.
4, 2019) (notice), and 33652 (Oct. 2, 2019) (order) (“Diamond Hill Order”); and Blackstone Alternative Alpha
Fund, et al., Investment Co. Act Release Nos. 33703 (Nov. 22, 2019) (notice), and 33720 (Dec. 18, 2019) (order) (“Blackstone
Order”).
Applicants
seek relief from Section 17(a)(2) to the extent that the granting of a security interest by a Fund to another Fund could be deemed
to be a knowing “purchase” of a security. Although the term “purchase” is not necessarily inclusive of
transfers of all kinds of property rights or equitable interests, including pledges, Applicants contend that the taking of a pledge
or security interest in the property of a Borrowing Fund by a Lending Fund could be deemed to be a “purchase” by the
Lending Fund. Applicants believe that since a pledge could be deemed to be a purchase and since prior applicants have conditioned
their applications on granting pledges under certain circumstances, accordingly, relief from Section 17(a)(2) of the 1940 Act is
appropriate to assure that the Borrowing Funds can pledge their securities as contemplated by Applicants’ proposed condition
5. The First Investors Order, Nuveen Order, Hartford Order, Boston Trust Order, Virtus Order, Transamerica Order, PIMCO Order,
Aquila Order, Eaton Vance Order, Diamond Hill Order and Blackstone Order also each grant relief from Section 17(a)(2), as would
the order requested herein, if granted.
B. Statements
in Support of Application
The proposed
Interfund Program is intended to be used by the Funds solely as a means of (i) reducing the cost incurred by the Funds in
obtaining short-term access to cash, such as custodian overdrafts and bank loan arrangements, for temporary purposes, and (ii) increasing
the return received by the Funds in the investment of their daily cash balances. Other than receipt of their fees under the investment
management agreements with each Fund, the Advisers have no pecuniary or other stake in the Interfund Program.
Before the
Funds participate in the proposed Interfund Program, the Independent Board Members will carefully consider the benefits and possible
additional risks to the Funds as a result of their participation in the proposed Interfund Program and conclude that participation
in the proposed Interfund Program would be in the best interests of the Funds. The Independent Board Members of any Fund that determines
to participate in the proposed Interfund Program in the future would be required to make a similar determination before such Fund
could participate in the proposed Interfund Program. As indicated above, as part of the Board’s review of the continuing
appropriateness of a Fund’s participation in the Interfund Program as required by condition 14, the Board of each Fund,
including a majority of the Independent Board Members, also will review the process in place to appropriately assess: (i) if
the Fund participates as a lender, any effect its participation may have on the Fund’s liquidity risk; and (ii) if the
Fund participates as a borrower, whether the Fund’s portfolio liquidity is sufficient to satisfy its obligations under the
facility along with its other liquidity needs.
The significant
benefits to be derived from participation in the Interfund Program will be shared both by Lending Funds and Borrowing Funds. The
interest rate formula is designed to ensure that Lending Funds always receive a higher return on their uninvested cash balances
than they otherwise would have obtained from investment of such cash in repurchase agreements or other short-term investments,
and that Borrowing Funds always incur lower borrowing costs than they otherwise would under bank loan arrangements or through custodian
overdrafts. Interfund Loans will be made only when both of these conditions are met. To ensure that these conditions are met, the
Interfund Program Team will compare the Bank Loan Rate with the Repo Rate on each business day that an Interfund Loan is made.
(It is not anticipated that the Interfund Program Team will compare rates on days when no lending or borrowing will be necessary.)
A Fund could participate in the proposed Interfund
Program only if the Interfund Loan Rate were higher than the Repo Rate and lower than the Bank Loan Rate.
Furthermore,
the Applicants believe that these benefits can be achieved without any significant increase in risk. The Applicants believe that
the risk of default on Interfund Loans would be de minimis given the asset coverage requirements for any Interfund Loan, the liquid
nature of most Fund assets, and the conditions governing the Interfund Program.
The Interfund
Program has been designed to serve as a supplemental source of credit only for the Funds’ normal short-term borrowing
and short-term cash investment activities, which involve no significant risks of default.
A Fund will
be able to borrow under the Interfund Program on an unsecured basis only if the Fund’s total outstanding borrowings from
all sources immediately after the borrowing under the Interfund Program are equal to or less than 10% of its total assets. Moreover, if a Fund has a secured loan from any other lender,
its Interfund Loans also would be secured on the same basis. A Fund could borrow under the Interfund Program only on a secured
basis if its total outstanding borrowings immediately after borrowing under the Interfund Program exceed 10% of its total assets.
A Fund may not borrow through the Interfund Program or from any other source if its total outstanding borrowings immediately after
the borrowing would be more than 33 1/3% of its total assets or any lower threshold provided for by a Fund’s fundamental
restriction or non-fundamental policy.
Before any
Fund that has outstanding interfund borrowings may, through additional borrowings, cause its total outstanding borrowings from
all sources to exceed 10% of its total assets, the Fund must first secure each outstanding Interfund Loan by the pledge of segregated
collateral with a market value at least equal to 102% of the outstanding principal value of the loan. If the total outstanding
borrowings of a Fund with outstanding Interfund Loans exceed 10% of its total assets for any other reason (such as a decline in
net asset value or because of shareholder redemptions), the Fund will within one business day thereafter: (i) repay all its
outstanding Interfund Loans; (ii) reduce its total outstanding indebtedness to 10% or less of its total assets; or (iii) secure
each outstanding Interfund Loan by the pledge of segregated collateral with a market value at least equal to 102% of the outstanding
principal value of the loan until the Fund’s total outstanding borrowings cease to exceed 10% of its total assets, at which
time the collateral called for above shall no longer be required. Until each Interfund Loan that is outstanding at any time that
a Fund’s total outstanding borrowings exceed 10% of its total assets is repaid, or the Fund’s total outstanding borrowings
cease to exceed 10% of its total assets, the Fund will mark the value of the collateral to market each day and will pledge such
additional collateral as is necessary to maintain the market value of the collateral that secures each outstanding Interfund Loan
at least equal to 102% of the outstanding principal value of the loan.
The Applicants
have further concluded that, given these asset coverage limits and the other conditions discussed below, any Interfund Loan would
represent “high quality” debt with minimal risk, fully comparable with, and in many cases superior to, other short-term
investments available to the Funds. In the great majority of cases, a Fund would extend an Interfund Loan only if the borrower’s
total outstanding borrowings immediately after the Interfund Loan are 10% or less of its assets (1000% asset coverage). In the
relatively few instances when a Fund would extend an Interfund Loan to a borrower with
outstanding loans immediately after the Interfund Loan representing more than 10% of its total assets (up to the 33 1/3% limit
for Funds), the loan would be fully secured by segregated assets, as well as protected by the limit on borrowings from all sources.
In addition,
if a Fund borrows from one or more banks, all Interfund Loans to the Fund will become subject to at least equivalent terms and
conditions with respect to collateral, maturity, and events of default as any outstanding bank loan. If a bank were to require
collateral, a Lending Fund would also require the Borrowing Fund to pledge collateral on the same basis, regardless of the level
of the Borrowing Fund’s asset coverage. Similarly, if the bank were to call its loan because of default, the Lending Fund
also would call its loan. In addition, the maturity of an Interfund Loan would never be longer than that of any outstanding bank
loan and would in no event exceed seven days. Thus, all Interfund Loans to a Fund would have at least the same level of protection
as required by any third-party lender to the Fund.
In light of
all the protections set forth above, the high quality and liquidity of the assets covering the loans, the ability of Lending Funds
to call Interfund Loans on any business day, and the fact that the Independent Board Members will exercise effective oversight
of the Interfund Program, Applicants believe Interfund Loans to be comparable in credit quality to other high quality money market
instruments. Because Applicants believe that the risk of default on Interfund Loans is so remote as to be little more than a theoretical
possibility, the Funds would not require collateral for Interfund Loans except on the few occasions when a Fund’s total outstanding
borrowings represent more than 10% of its total assets (or when a third-party lending bank with an outstanding loan to the Fund
requires collateral). Moreover, collateralizing and segregating loans would be burdensome and expensive and would reduce or eliminate
the benefits from the Interfund Program. Collateralization and segregation would provide no significant additional safeguard in
light of (i) the high credit quality and liquidity of the Borrowing Funds, (ii) the 1000% or greater asset coverage standard
for unsecured Interfund Loans, (iii) the demand feature of Interfund Loans and (iv) the fact that the program for both
the Borrowing Funds and Lending Funds would be administered by the Interfund Program Team subject to the oversight of the Independent
Board Members.
Applicants,
however, are sensitive to the need for adequate safeguards in the event there is any possibility of a loan default, no matter
how remote. They also have considered safeguards in the unlikely event of a payment dispute between a Lending Fund and a
Borrowing Fund. In the event an Interfund Loan is not paid according to its terms and such default is not cured within two
business days from its maturity or from the time the Lending Fund makes a demand for payment under the provisions of the
interfund agreement, the Adviser to the Lending Fund promptly will refer the loan for arbitration to an independent
arbitrator selected by the Board, who will act as arbitrator of disputes concerning Interfund Loans and will have binding
authority to resolve any disputes promptly. In the event that the Funds do not have a common Board, the Board of each
affected Fund will select an independent arbitrator that is satisfactory to each Fund.
Applicants
believe that the program would involve no realistic risk resulting from potential conflicts of interest. The Advisers, through
the Interfund Program Team, would administer the Interfund Program as disinterested fiduciaries and would receive no additional
compensation in connection with the Interfund Program. This means the Interfund Program Team will not collect any additional fees in connection
with the administration of the Interfund Program (i.e., it will not collect standard pricing, recordkeeping, bookkeeping
or accounting fees in connection with the Interfund Program).
The Interfund
Program would not present any significant potential that one Fund might receive a preferential rate to the disadvantage of another
Fund. Rather, rates would be set pursuant to a pre-established formula approved by the Board of each Fund. This formula would operate
as a function of the current rates quoted by independent third-parties for short-term bank borrowing and for overnight repurchase
agreements. All Funds participating in the Interfund Program on any given day would receive the same rate.
There also
is no realistic potential that one Fund’s portfolio manager might maintain or expand his or her Fund’s uninvested cash
balance beyond that needed for prudent cash management in order to extend credit to, and thereby help the performance of, another
Fund.
First, the
amount of total credit available for Interfund Loans and the amount of interfund borrowing demand would be determined by the Interfund
Program Team. As discussed above, the Interfund Program Team will accumulate data at least once on each business day on the Fund’s
total short-term borrowing needs to meet net redemptions and to cover sales fails and the Fund’s total uninvested cash
positions. The Interfund Program Team would operate independently of the Funds’ portfolio managers, except for Short-Term
Desk portfolio managers acting as members of the Interfund Program Team. The Interfund Program Team would not solicit cash for
the Interfund Program from any Fund and would not disseminate borrowing demand data to any portfolio manager (except to the extent
that a Short-Term Desk portfolio manager who is a member of the Interfund Program Team has access to demand data). The Interfund
Program Team would allocate available cash to Borrowing Funds on an equitable basis. No portfolio manager (other than a Short-Term
Desk portfolio manager acting as a member of the Interfund Program Team) would be able to direct that his or her Fund’s cash
balance be loaned to any particular Fund or otherwise intervene in the allocation of loans by the Interfund Program Team.8
All allocations made by the Interfund Program Team will require approval of at least one member of the Interfund Program Team who
is a high level employee and is not a Short-Term Desk portfolio manager. The Interfund Program Team would invest cash amounts
remaining after satisfaction of borrowing demand in accordance with the instructions of each relevant portfolio manager or such
remaining amounts will be invested directly by the portfolio managers of the Funds.
Second, the
Funds’ portfolio managers typically limit their Funds’ cash balance reserves to the minimum desirable for prudent cash
management in order to remain fully invested consistent with the investment policies of the Funds. A Fund may, however, have a
large cash position when the portfolio manager believes that market conditions are not favorable for profitable investing or when
the portfolio manager is otherwise unable to locate favorable investment opportunities. Because each portfolio manager’s
compensation may be, in part, related to his or her Fund’s performance record, it would be
contrary to the self-interest of the portfolio manager to jeopardize his or her Fund’s performance in order to extend
additional credit to other Funds.
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As a member of the Interfund Program Team, a Short-Term Desk portfolio manager would participate
in the team’s allocation of loans. However, his or her “influence” would be limited to activities consistent
with his or her role as a member of the Interfund Program Team.
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Third, a portfolio
manager’s decision regarding the amount of his or her Fund’s invested cash balance would be unlikely to affect the
ability of other Funds to obtain Interfund Loans. Applicants anticipate that, if the Interfund Loan Rate is higher than the Repo
Rate, the cash available each day for interfund lending would typically exceed the demand from Borrowing Funds.
In addition,
Applicants believe it would be appropriate to include Short-Term Desk portfolio managers on the Interfund Program Team for
the following reasons. First, Applicants do not believe that the position of a Short-Term Desk portfolio manager on the Interfund
Program Team would subject him or her to influence from other portfolio managers regarding his or her determination of the amount
of a Fund’s excess cash or would result in the allocation of more cash than would otherwise be appropriate. With the exception
of the Funds managed by the Short-Term Desk portfolio managers, the Short-Term Desk portfolio managers have no discretion
as to the amount of cash in the Funds’ portfolios; this is the responsibility of the portfolio manager of each Fund. Allocation
of the Funds’ (managed by the Short-Term Desk portfolio managers) investment portfolio to cash beyond that which is normally
invested (“excess cash”) is not an issue, since it would be contrary to the self-interest of the portfolio manager
to hold excess cash, and the portfolio manager would jeopardize performance in order to extend cash to other Funds.
Similarly,
the position of a Short-Term Desk portfolio manager on the Interfund Program Team would not enable him or her to influence other
portfolio managers regarding allocation of a Fund’s investment portfolio in cash. Each portfolio manager will independently,
and without influence from the Short-Term Desk portfolio managers on the Interfund Program Team, determine the portion of the
Fund’s investment portfolio that is allocated to cash. Although Short-Term Desk portfolio managers on the Interfund Program
Team may participate in internal committees and engage in formal and informal discussions, including general conversations regarding
cash allocation, the ultimate cash allocation determination is made by each individual portfolio manager.
Finally, the
Short-Term Desk portfolio managers would not have sole discretion for allocating loans through the proposed credit facility.
Specific procedures would govern all allocations and would require that all allocations be made on an equitable basis among participating
Funds. In addition, the procedures would require that all allocations made by the Interfund Program Team be approved by at least
one member of the Interfund Program Team who is a high level employee and is not a Short-Term Desk portfolio manager. Such
approval should serve as an independent check on the Short-Term Desk portfolio managers.
For all the
foregoing reasons, and subject to the above conditions, Applicants submit that the order requested herein meets the standards set
forth in Sections 6(c), 12(d)(1)(J) and 17(b) of the 1940 Act and in Rule 17d-1 thereunder.
i. Exemption from Sections 17(a)(3)
and 21(b) of the 1940 Act. First Trust is currently the investment adviser to each Fund. In addition, the same individuals
currently sit on the Board of each Trust, and the Trusts currently share many of the same principal officers. In the future, newly organized Funds may belong
to one of the Trusts and have the same Board and/or many of the same principal officers as the currently existing Funds. Although
the power of the trustees and officers of each Trust arises solely as a result of their official positions with the Trust, in view
of the overlap of trustees and certain of the officers among the Trusts, the Funds might be deemed to be under common control and
thus “affiliated persons” of each other within the meaning of that term under Section 2(a)(3) of the 1940 Act.
While Applicants believe that the Funds are not “affiliated persons” of one another, nevertheless, Applicants seek
exemption from Sections 17(a)(3) and 21(b) of the 1940 Act, which prohibit, respectively, borrowing by an affiliated person
from an investment company and loans by an investment company to a person under common control with that investment company. The
Applicants also seek exemption from Sections 17(a)(3) and 21(b) of the 1940 Act to the extent that certain of the Funds could
be deemed to be under common control by virtue of having a common investment adviser.
ii. Exemption from Sections 17(a)(1),
17(a)(2) and 17(a)(3) of the 1940 Act Pursuant to Section 17(b) of the 1940 Act. For the reasons set out below, each of
the conditions for relief granted pursuant to Section 17(b) of the 1940 Act has been satisfied by the Applicants.
1. The Terms of the Proposed
Transactions are Fair and Reasonable and Do Not Involve Overreaching on the Part of Any Person Concerned.
Applicants
submit that the Interfund Loans will be on terms that are reasonable and fair to participating Funds and that substantially eliminate
opportunities for overreaching. As discussed earlier, interest rates for all Interfund Loans will be based on the same objective
and verifiable standard – i.e., the average of (1) the Repo Rate and (2) the Bank Loan Rate. Thus, the rate for
a Borrowing Fund will be lower and, for a Lending Fund will be higher, than that otherwise available to them. Because the interest
rate formula is objective and verifiable and the same rate applies equally to all Funds participating on any given day, the use
of the formula provides an independent basis for determining that the terms of the transactions are fair and reasonable and do
not involve overreaching.
Furthermore,
because each Fund’s daily borrowing demand or cash reserve would be determined independently of any others, and all such
decisions would be aggregated by the Interfund Program Team and matched on an equitable basis pursuant to procedures approved by
the applicable Board, the operation of the program will substantially eliminate the possibility of one Fund taking advantage of
any other. In addition, each Fund will have substantially equal opportunity to borrow and lend to the extent consistent with its
investment policies and limitations.
Periodic review
by the Board of each Fund, including the Independent Board Members, and the other terms and conditions adopted hereunder also provide
additional assurance that the transactions will be fair and reasonable and free of overreaching.
2. The Proposed Transactions
Will Be Consistent with the Policies Set Forth in the Funds’ Registration Statements.
All borrowings
and Interfund Loans by the Funds will be consistent with the organizational documents, registration statement, and investment policies
and limitations of the respective Funds. The registration statement for
each Fund discloses or will disclose the extent to which the respective Fund may borrow money for temporary or emergency purposes.
3. The Proposed Transactions
Will Be Consistent with the General Purposes of the 1940 Act.
The general
purposes of the 1940 Act are to mitigate and, so far as feasible, to eliminate the conditions enumerated in Section 1(b) of
the 1940 Act. Section 1(b)(7) declares that the national public interest and the interest of investors are adversely affected
when investment companies, by excessive borrowing, increase unduly the speculative character of their shares. Applicants submit
that there are ample protections in the proposed conditions to preclude the use of Interfund Loans to unduly increase the speculative
nature of any Fund. Each Interfund Loan will have a maturity of seven days or less, making it inherently unsuitable for creating
leverage in a Fund through the purchase of additional securities. These are marked to market securities that are not speculative.
A Fund’s borrowings through the proposed Interfund Program, as measured on the day when the most recent loan was made, will
not exceed the greater of 125% of the Fund’s total net cash redemptions for the preceding seven calendar days or 102% of
the Fund’s sales fails for the preceding seven calendar days. Accordingly, the Interfund Loans could not be used to increase
the speculative character of the Borrowing Fund. Therefore, the proposed Interfund Program is fully consistent with the general
purposes of the 1940 Act. Moreover, the terms of each Interfund Loan will be fair to each Fund and will be preferable to either
investing in Short-Term Instruments from the perspective of the Lending Fund or borrowing from a bank from the perspective of the
Borrowing Fund.
Section 21(a)
of the 1940 Act provides that a registered management investment company may not lend money “directly or indirectly”
to any person if such lending is not permitted by its investment policies as described in its registration statement and reports
filed with the Commission. Similarly, subparagraphs (B) and (G) of Section 8(b)(1) of the 1940 Act require that registered
investment companies must disclose the extent to which (if at all) they intend to engage in borrowing money and making loans to
other persons. A Fund would disclose all material information regarding the Interfund Program in its registration statement as
long as the Fund participates in the Interfund Program.
The Interfund
Program is consistent with the overall purpose of Sections 17(a)(3) and 21(b) of the 1940 Act. These Sections are intended
to prevent a party with strong potential adverse interests and some influence over the investment decisions of a registered investment
company from causing or inducing the investment company to engage in lending transactions that unfairly inure to the benefit of
such party and that are detrimental to the best interests of the investment company and its shareholders. The affiliate borrowing
transactions covered by Section 21(b) of the 1940 Act are also covered by Section 17(a)(3) of the 1940 Act. To the extent
that Congress intended Section 21(b) of the 1940 Act to cover some more specific abuse, the Section appears to have been directed
at prohibiting upstream loans.9 The lending
transactions at issue here, of course, do not involve upstream loans. The proposed transactions do not raise such concerns because (i) the Advisers,
through the Interfund Program Team, would administer the Interfund Program as disinterested fiduciaries as part of their duties
under the investment management agreements with each Fund; (ii) all Interfund Loans would consist only of uninvested cash
reserves that the Fund otherwise would invest in short-term repurchase agreements or other short-term investments; (iii) the
Interfund Loans would not involve a greater risk than such other investments; (iv) the Lending Fund would receive interest
at a rate higher than it could obtain through such other investments; and (v) the Borrowing Fund would pay interest at a rate
lower than otherwise available to it under its bank loan arrangements and through custodian overdrafts and would avoid the up-front
commitment fees generally associated with committed lines of credit. Moreover, the other conditions that the Applicants propose
also would effectively preclude the possibility of any Fund obtaining an undue advantage over any other Fund.
|
9
|
See S. Rep. No. 1775, 76th Cong., 3d Sess. 15 (1940); House Hearings on H.R. 10065, 76th Cong.,
3d Sess. 124 (1940).
|
Applicants
acknowledge that the issuance of Interfund Loans may be subject to other regulatory requirements in addition to the 1940 Act, including
the Federal Reserve Board’s Regulation U. Applicants will comply with any such requirements, to the extent applicable.
iii. Exemptions from
Sections 17(a)(1), 17(a)(2) and 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act. Applicants do not concede that the proposed Interfund Program
would involve transactions by any “affiliated persons” of a Fund. Applicants further submit that the proposed Interfund
Program would involve neither the issuance or sale of any “security” by a Borrowing Fund to a Lending Fund nor the
purchase of any “security” by a Lending Fund from a Borrowing Fund within the meaning of Sections 17(a)(1), 17(a)(2)
or 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act. However, because of the broad definition of a “security” in Section 2(a)(36) of the
1940 Act, the obligation of a Borrowing Fund to repay an Interfund Loan could be deemed to constitute a security for the purposes
of Sections 17(a)(1) and 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act; similarly, the pledge of 17(a)(2) securities to secure an Interfund Loan
by the Borrowing Fund to the Lending Fund could constitute a “purchase” of securities for the purposes of Section 17(a)(2).
Thus, the Applicants seek relief from Sections 17(a)(1), 17(a)(2) and 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act with respect to the Funds’
participation in the proposed Interfund Program.
The requested
relief from Section 17(a)(2) of the 1940 Act meets the standards of Sections 6(c) and 17(b) because any collateral pledged
to secure an Interfund Loan would be subject to the same conditions imposed by any other lender to a Fund that imposes conditions
on the quality of or access to collateral for a borrowing (if the other lender is a Fund) or the same or better conditions (in
any other circumstance). Any collateral pledged to secure an Interfund Loan will be available solely to secure repayment of such
Interfund Loan.
Applicants
submit that the requested exemptions are appropriate in the public interest, and consistent with the protection of investors and
policies and purposes of the 1940 Act for all the reasons set forth above in support of their request for relief from Sections 17(a)(3)
and 21(b) of the 1940 Act.
Furthermore,
Applicants submit that the proposed Interfund Program does not involve the type of abuse at which Section 12(d)(1) of the
1940 Act was directed. Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act imposes certain limits on an investment company’s acquisition
of securities issued by another investment company. That Section was intended to prevent the pyramiding of investment companies
in order to avoid imposing on investors additional and duplicative costs and fees attendant upon multiple layers
of investment companies. In the instant case, the entire purpose of the proposed Interfund Program is to provide economic benefits
for all the participating Funds and their shareholders. The Advisers, through the Interfund Program Team, would administer the
Interfund Program as fiduciaries and disinterested parties, to ensure fair treatment of all the Funds and their shareholders, and
each Adviser will receive no additional compensation for its services in administering the Interfund Program. There would be no
duplicative costs or fees to the Funds or their shareholders.
iv. Order Pursuant to
Section 17(d) of the 1940 Act and Rule 17d-1 Thereunder. Applicants also believe that the proposed Interfund Program
would not involve any “joint transaction,” “joint enterprise” or “joint profit sharing arrangement”
with any affiliated person subject to Section 17(d) of the 1940 Act and Rule 17d-1 thereunder. To avoid any possible
issue, however, Applicants seek an order under Section 17(d) of the 1940 Act and Rule 17d-1 thereunder to the extent
that they may be deemed applicable to the proposed Interfund Program.
Section 17(d)
of the 1940 Act, like Section 17(a) of the 1940 Act, was designed to deal with transactions of investment companies in which
affiliates have a conflict of interest and with respect to which the affiliate has the power to influence decisions of the investment
company. Thus, the purpose of Section 17(d) of the 1940 Act is to avoid overreaching and an unfair advantage to insiders.10
For the same reasons discussed above with respect to Section 17(a) of the 1940 Act, participation in the Interfund Program
would not involve overreaching or an unfair advantage. Furthermore, the Interfund Program is consistent with the provisions, policies
and purposes of the 1940 Act in that it offers both reduced borrowing costs and enhanced returns on loaned funds to all participating
Funds and their shareholders. Finally, the requested order is appropriate because, as previously discussed, each Fund would have
an equal opportunity to borrow and lend on equal terms consistent with its investment policies and fundamental investment limitations.
Thus, each Fund’s participation in the proposed Interfund Program would be on terms that are no less advantageous than that
of other participating Funds.
v. Exemption from Section 18(f)(1)
of the 1940 Act. Applicants also request exemptive relief under Section 6(c) of the 1940 Act from Section 18(f)(1)
of the 1940 Act to the limited extent necessary to implement the Interfund Program (because the Lending Funds are not banks). Section 18(f)(1)
of the 1940 Act prohibits registered open-end investment companies from issuing “any senior security” “...except
that any such registered company shall be permitted to borrow from any bank: Provided, That immediately after such borrowing
there is an asset coverage of at least 300 per centum for all borrowings of such registered company....” Applicants seek
exemption from this provision only to the limited extent necessary to allow a Fund to borrow through the Interfund Program, subject
to all the conditions proposed herein, including the condition that immediately after any unsecured borrowing, there is at least
1000% asset coverage for all interfund borrowings of the Borrowing Fund. Collateralized borrowing under the Interfund Program would
require at least a three to one ratio of asset coverage to debt. The Funds would remain subject to the requirement of Section 18(f)(1)
of the 1940 Act that all borrowings of the Fund, including the combined Interfund Loans and bank borrowings, have at least 300%
asset coverage. Based on the numerous conditions and substantial
safeguards described in this Application, Applicants submit that to allow the Funds to borrow from other Funds pursuant to the
proposed Interfund Program is fully consistent with the purposes and policies of Section 18(f)(1) of the 1940 Act. Applicants
further submit that the exemptive relief requested is necessary and appropriate in the public interest because it will help the
Borrowing Funds to satisfy their short-term cash needs at substantial savings, and it will enable Lending Funds to earn a higher
return on the uninvested cash balances without materially increased risk and without involving any overreaching.
|
10
|
See e.g., Hearings on S. 3580 Before A Subcommittee of the Sen. Comm. on Banking and Currency,
76th Cong., 3d Sess. (1940) at 211-213.
|
VII. Conclusion
For the foregoing
reasons, Applicants submit that the proposed transactions, conducted subject to the terms and conditions described above, would
be reasonable and fair, would not involve overreaching and would be consistent with the investment policies of the Funds and with
the general purposes of the 1940 Act. Applicants also submit that their participation by the Funds in the Interfund Program would
be consistent with the provisions, policies and purposes of the 1940 Act, and would be on a basis that is no different from or
less advantageous than that of any other participant.
VIII. Procedural
Matters
Pursuant to
Rule 0-2(f) under the 1940 Act, Applicants state that their address is as indicated on the first page of this Application.
Applicants further state that all written or oral communications concerning this Application should be directed as indicated on
the first page of this Application.
All requirements
of the governing documents of each Applicant have been complied with in connection with the execution and filing of this Application.
Each person signing the Application is fully authorized to do so. The Authorizations required by Rule 0-2(c) under the 1940
Act are included in this Application as Exhibits A-1 and A-2. The Verifications required by Rule 0-2(d) under the
1940 Act are included as Exhibits B-1 and B-2.
The Applicants
request that the Commission issue the requested exemptive order in accordance with the procedures of Rule 0-5 under the 1940
Act without a hearing.
[Signature
Page Follows]
The Applicants
have caused this Application to be duly signed on their behalf on the 6th day of April, 2020.
First
Trust Series Fund
By: /s/ James M. Dykas
Name: James M. Dykas
Title: President
First
Trust Variable Insurance Trust
By: /s/ James M. Dykas
Name: James M. Dykas
Title: President
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund
By: /s/ James M. Dykas
Name: James M. Dykas
Title: President
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund II
By: /s/ James M. Dykas
Name: James M. Dykas
Title: President
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund III
By: /s/ James M. Dykas
Name: James M. Dykas
Title: President
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund IV
By: /s/ James M. Dykas
Name: James M. Dykas
Title: President
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund V
By: /s/ James M. Dykas
Name: James M. Dykas
Title: President
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VI
By: /s/ James M. Dykas
Name: James M. Dykas
Title: President
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VII
By: /s/ James M. Dykas
Name: James M. Dykas
Title: President
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VIII
By: /s/ James M. Dykas
Name: James M. Dykas
Title: President
First
Trust Exchange-Traded AlphaDex® Fund
By: /s/ James M. Dykas
Name: James M. Dykas
Title: President
First
Trust Exchange-Traded AlphaDex® Fund
II
By: /s/ James M. Dykas
Name: James M. Dykas
Title: President
First
Trust Advisors L.P.
By: /s/ James A. Bowen
Name: James A. Bowen
Title: Chief Executive
Officer
Exhibits to Application
The following
materials are made a part of the Application and are attached hereto:
Designation
|
Document
|
Exhibits A-1 and A-2
|
Certifications
|
Exhibits B-1 and B-2
|
Verifications
|
Exhibit A-1
Authorization
First
Trust Series Fund
First
Trust Variable Insurance Trust
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund II
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund III
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund IV
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund V
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VI
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VII
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VIII
First
Trust Exchange-Traded AlphaDEX® Fund
First
Trust Exchange-Traded AlphaDEX® Fund
II
(each,
a “Trust”)
In accordance
with Rule 0-2(c) under the 1940 Act, the Applicants state that all actions necessary to authorize the execution and filing
of this Application have been taken, and the person signing and filing this document is authorized to do so on behalf of each Trust.
James M. Dykas is authorized to sign and file this document on behalf of the Trusts pursuant to the general authority vested in
him as President and pursuant to the following resolutions adopted by the respective Boards of Trustees at a meeting held on June
11-12, 2017:
Whereas,
First Trust Advisors L.P. (“First Trust” or the “Advisor”) believes it would be beneficial
to permit existing and future series of First Trust Series Fund, First Trust Variable Insurance Trust, First Trust Exchange-Traded
Fund, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund II, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund III, First Trust Exchange-Traded
Fund IV, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund V, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VI, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VII,
First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VIII, First Trust Exchange-Traded AlphaDEX® Fund, First Trust Exchange-Traded AlphaDEX® Fund II (the Funds) to invest their uninvested cash and cash collateral into shares of certain funds that are
advised by the Advisor or any successor thereto or any entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Advisor
and are short-term bond funds (the Central Funds); and
Whereas,
because, on any day, certain Funds, including the Central Funds, may have cash available and other Funds may need to borrow
cash, permitting Funds to lend money to, and borrow money from, each other for temporary purposes (“interfund lending”)
may benefit both the borrowing Funds and the lending Funds; and
Whereas,
the Board has determined that it would be prudent to have the ability for the Funds to engage in interfund lending and such
interfund lending would benefit both the borrowing Funds and the lending Funds, subject to the terms and conditions reflected in
the Exemptive Application (as defined below); and
Whereas,
Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”) generally makes it unlawful for
a registered investment company to sell a security it issues to another investment company or to purchase any security issued by
any other registered investment company, except in accordance with the limitations set forth in that Section and rules thereunder;
and
Whereas,
Section 17(a) of the 1940 Act generally prohibits certain transactions between registered investment companies and their
“affiliated persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act), or “affiliated persons” of such persons; and
Whereas,
Section 17(d) of the 1940 Act and Rule 17d-1 thereunder generally prohibit any affiliated person of a registered investment
company, or affiliated person of such a person, when acting as principal, from effecting any transaction in which the investment
company is a joint or a joint and several participant unless permitted by an order of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
“Commission”) upon application; and
Whereas,
Section 18(f)(1) of the 1940 Act generally prohibits registered open-end investment companies from issuing any senior security
(except that any such registered company shall be permitted to borrow from any bank, provided that immediately after any such borrowing
there is an asset coverage of at least 300 per centum for all borrowings of such registered company); and
Whereas,
Section 21(b) of the 1940 Act generally prohibits any registered management company from lending money or other property
to any person if that person controls or is under common control with the company; and
Whereas,
the Advisor recommends that the Trusts be authorized to seek an order of exemption from the Commission to exempt the Trusts from
Sections 12(d)(1), 17(a)(1), 17(a)(2), 17(a)(3), 18(f) and 21(b) of the 1940 Act and/or from any other provision of the 1940
Act or rule thereunder, to the extent necessary or advisable and under Section 17(d) and Rule 17d-1 to permit certain joint arrangements
and transactions to, among other things, permit the Funds to engage in interfund lending and to invest in the Central Funds for
cash management purposes; and
Whereas,
in addition to the Trusts, the order of exemption is intended to extend to existing or future registered open-end management
investment companies or existing or future series thereof for which First Trust or any successor thereto or any entity controlling,
controlled by, or under common control (within the meaning of Section 2(a)(9) of the 1940 Act) with First Trust or any successor
thereto serves as investment adviser (the
foregoing series are included in the reference the “Funds”).
Now,
Therefore, Be It
Resolved,
that James M. Dykas, President of each Trust, and any other appropriate officer of each Trust be, and each hereby is, authorized
to prepare, execute and submit to the Commission, on behalf of the respective Trust and in its name, an application or applications
in such form as such officers, or any one of them, deems necessary or appropriate for an order exempting each Trust from the provisions
of the 1940 Act and any rules thereunder to the extent necessary or advisable to, among other things, permit the Funds to engage
in interfund lending and/or to invest in the Central Funds (any such application, an “Exemptive Application”
and such order of exemption, the “Order of Exemption”); and it is
Further
Resolved, that James M. Dykas and any other appropriate officer of the respective Trust be, and each hereby is, authorized
and directed to take such additional actions and to execute and deliver on behalf of the respective Trust such other documents
or instruments as he or she deems necessary or appropriate in furtherance of the above resolution, including, without limitation,
the preparation, execution and filing of any necessary or appropriate amendment(s) or supplement(s) to the above-described Exemptive
Application(s), his or her authority therefor to be conclusively evidenced by the taking of any such actions or the execution or
delivery of any such document; and it is
Further
Resolved, that upon issuance of an Order of Exemption by the Commission in accordance with the terms and conditions of any
Exemptive Application described above, the respective Trust is authorized to act in accordance with the provisions of such Exemptive
Application and the related Order of Exemption.
First
Trust Series Fund
First
Trust Variable Insurance Trust
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund II
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund III
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund IV
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund V
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VI
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VII
First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VIII
First
Trust Exchange-Traded AlphaDEX® Fund
First
Trust Exchange-Traded AlphaDEX®
Fund II
By: /s/ James
M. Dykas
Name: James M. Dykas
Title: President
Dated: April 6, 2020
Exhibit A-2
Authorization
First
Trust Advisors L.P.
In accordance
with Rule 0-2(c) under the 1940 Act, the Applicant states that all actions necessary to authorize the execution and filing
of this Application have been taken, and the person signing and filing this document is authorized to do so on behalf of First
Trust Advisors L.P. James A. Bowen is authorized to sign and file this document on behalf of First Trust Advisors L.P., pursuant
to the general authority vested in him as Chief Executive Officer.
First
Trust Advisors L.P.
By: /s/ James A.
Bowen
Name: James A. Bowen
Title: Chief Executive Officer
Dated: April 6, 2020
Exhibit B-1
Verification
In accordance
with Rule 0-2(d) under the 1940 Act, the undersigned states that he has duly executed the attached Application for an
order, for and on behalf of First Trust Series Fund, First
Trust Variable Insurance Trust, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund II, First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund III, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund IV, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund V, First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VI, First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VII,
First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VIII, First
Trust Exchange-Traded AlphaDEX® Fund
and First Trust Exchange-Traded AlphaDEX® Fund II; that he is President
of such companies; and that all actions by the trustees and other bodies necessary to authorize the undersigned to execute and
file such instrument have been taken. The undersigned further states that he is familiar with such instrument, and the contents
thereof, and that the facts therein set forth are true to the best of his knowledge, information and belief.
By: /s/ James
M. Dykas
Name: James M. Dykas
Exhibit B-2
Verification
In accordance
with Rule 0-2(d) under the 1940 Act, the undersigned states that he has duly executed the attached Application for an
order, for and on behalf of First Trust Advisors L.P.; that he is Chief Executive
Officer of such company; and that all actions by the limited partner, general partner and other bodies necessary to authorize the
undersigned to execute and file such instrument have been taken. The undersigned further states that he is familiar with such instrument,
and the contents thereof, and that the facts therein set forth are true to the best of his knowledge, information and belief.
By: /s/ James A.
Bowen
Name: James A. Bowen
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