LILMW Lilium NV

 

As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on June 14, 2024

 

Registration No. 333-           

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM F-3

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

 

Lilium N.V.

(Exact Name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 

The Netherlands		Not Applicable
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

 

Galileostraße 335

82131 Gauting, Germany

+49 160 9704 6857

(Address and telephone number of Registrant’s principal executive offices)

 

Roger Franks

c/o Lilium Aviation Inc.

2385 N.W. Executive Center Drive, Suite 300

Boca Raton, Florida 33431

561-526-8460

(Name, address and telephone number of agent for service)

 

Copies to:

Valerie Ford Jacob

Michael A. Levitt

Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer US LLP

3 World Trade Center

175 Greenwich Street

New York, New York 10007

212-277-4000

 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.

 

If only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. ¨

 

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. x

 

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨

 

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨

 

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.C. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ¨

 

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.C. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.

 

Emerging growth company x

 

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ¨

 

The Registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

†	The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

 

 

 

The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. Neither we nor the selling securityholders may sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JUNE 14, 2024

 

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

 

Lilium N.V.

 

 

 

Up to 49,015,894 Class A Shares
Up to 24,507,947 Class A Shares Issuable Upon Exercise of Warrants
Warrants to Purchase up to 24,507,947 Class A Shares

 

This prospectus relates to the offer and sale from time to time by the selling securityholders identified in the “Selling Securityholders” section herein, or their permitted transferees (collectively, the “selling securityholders”), of (a) up to 49,015,894 of our class A ordinary shares (“Class A Shares”), which consists of up to (i) 24,507,947 Class A Shares and (ii) 24,507,947 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants to purchase Class A Shares at an exercise price of $1.50 per share (the “Warrants”), and (b) the Warrants, in each case, issued to the selling securityholders pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreements, defined and described under “Prospectus Summary — Recent Developments — PIPE.” This prospectus also relates to the issuance by us of up to 24,507,947 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants. This prospectus also covers any additional securities that may become issuable by means of share splits, share dividends or other similar transactions.

 

This prospectus provides you with a general description of such securities and the general manner in which the selling securityholders may offer or sell the securities. More specific terms of any securities that the selling securityholders may offer or sell may be provided in a prospectus supplement that describes, among other things, the specific amounts and prices of the securities being offered and the terms of the offering. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus.

 

All of the Class A Shares and Warrants offered by the selling securityholders pursuant to this prospectus will be sold by the respective selling securityholder for its account. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of Class A Shares or Warrants by the selling securityholders or the issuance of Class A Shares by us pursuant to this prospectus, except with respect to amounts received by us upon exercise of any Warrants for cash. However, we will pay the expenses, other than any underwriting discounts and commissions, associated with the sale of securities pursuant to this prospectus.

 

We are registering the securities described above for resale pursuant to the selling securityholders’ registration rights under the Securities Purchase Agreements. Our registration of the securities covered by this prospectus does not mean that either we or the selling securityholders will issue, offer or sell, as applicable, any of the securities. The selling securityholders may offer and sell the securities covered by this prospectus in a number of different ways and at varying prices. We provide more information about how the selling securityholders may sell the securities offered hereby in the section entitled “Plan of Distribution.”

 

We will pay certain expenses associated with the registration of the securities covered by this prospectus, as described in the section entitled “Plan of Distribution.”

 

Our Class A Shares are listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “LILM.” On June 13, 2024, the closing sale price as reported on Nasdaq of our Class A Shares was $0.83 per share. The Warrants offered by this prospectus are not and will not be listed on any national securities exchange.

 

We may amend or supplement this prospectus from time to time by filing amendments or supplements as required. You should read this entire prospectus and any amendments or supplements carefully before you make your investment decision.

 

We are an “emerging growth company” and “foreign private issuer,” each as defined under the U.S. federal securities laws, and, as such, are subject to reduced public company reporting requirements.

 

Our principal executive offices are located at Galileostraße 335, 82131 Gauting, Germany.

 

 

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Before buying any of our securities, you should carefully read the discussion of material risks of investing in our securities in “Risk Factors” on page 7 of this prospectus, in any applicable prospectus supplement and as described in certain of the documents we may incorporate by reference herein.

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

Prospectus dated                         , 2024

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS	ii
FREQUENTLY USED TERMS	iii
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY	1
RISK FACTORS	7
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS	8
USE OF PROCEEDS	10
DIVIDEND POLICY	11
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES	12
SELLING SECURITYHOLDERS	14
TAXATION	16
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION	36
EXPENSES RELATED TO THE OFFERING	39
LEGAL MATTERS	39
EXPERTS	39
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION	39
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE	40

 

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus and any amendment or supplement to this prospectus, as well as any information incorporated by reference herein or therein. Neither we, nor the selling securityholders, have authorized any other person to provide you with different or additional information. Neither we, nor the selling securityholders, take responsibility for, nor can we provide assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may provide. The selling securityholders are not making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. The information contained in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any documents incorporated by reference herein or therein is accurate only as of the date hereof or thereof or such other date expressly stated herein or therein, and our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects may have changed since those dates.

 

Except as otherwise set forth in this prospectus, neither we nor the selling securityholders have taken any action to permit a public offering of these securities outside the United States or to permit the possession or distribution of this prospectus outside the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about and observe any restrictions relating to the offering of these securities and the distribution of this prospectus outside the United States.

 

 

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

 

This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form F-3 that we filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) using a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, the selling securityholders may, from time to time, offer and sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings.

 

We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of Class A Shares or Warrants to be offered by the selling securityholders pursuant to this prospectus, but we will receive proceeds upon exercise of the Warrants. We will pay the expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, if any, associated with the sale of our Class A Shares and Warrants pursuant to this prospectus. To the extent required, we and the selling securityholders, as applicable, will deliver a prospectus supplement with this prospectus to update the information contained in this prospectus. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information included in this prospectus. You should read both this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement, together with additional information described below under the captions “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Documents Incorporated by Reference.” We have not, and the selling securityholders have not, authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained in this prospectus. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date on the front cover of the prospectus. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate as of any other date.

 

No offer of these securities will be made in any jurisdiction where the offer is not permitted.

 

 

FREQUENTLY USED TERMS

 

Unless otherwise stated in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or the documents incorporated by reference herein or therein, or the context otherwise requires, references to:

 

“Board” means the board of directors of Lilium N.V.

 

“Business Combination” means the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement.

 

“Business Combination Agreement” means the Business Combination Agreement, dated March 30, 2021, as amended, by and among Lilium GmbH, Queen Cayman Merger LLC, a Cayman Islands limited liability company and wholly owned subsidiary of Lilium, Qell and Lilium.

 

“Class A Shares” means the ordinary shares A, with a nominal value of €0.01 per share, in the share capital of Lilium.

 

“Class B Shares” means the ordinary shares B, with a nominal value of €0.03 per share, in the share capital of Lilium.

 

“Class C Shares” means the ordinary shares C, with a nominal value of €0.02 per share, in the share capital of Lilium.

 

“Code” means the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

 

“Company” means Lilium, unless the context indicates otherwise.

 

“COVID-19” means the novel coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19, and any evolutions, mutations thereof or related or associated epidemics, pandemic or disease outbreaks.

 

“DCGC” means the Dutch Corporate Governance Code 2022.

 

“eVTOL” means electric vertical take-off-and-landing.

 

“Exchange Act” means the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

“General Meeting” means a general meeting of the shareholders of the Company.

 

“IPO” means initial public offering.

 

“Lilium,” as well as terms such as “we,” “us,” “our” and similar terms, means Lilium N.V., together with its subsidiaries.

 

“Lilium Jet” means the fully electric eVTOL aircraft being developed by Lilium.

 

“Nasdaq” means The Nasdaq Global Select Market.

 

“PIPE” means the subscription for and purchase of 47,573,111 Class A Shares and the warrants to purchase up to 47,573,111 Class A Shares at an exercise price of $1.50 pursuant to the securities purchase agreements entered into by and between the Company and the other parties thereto, dated as of May 23, 2024.

 

“PIPE Shares” means, collectively, the 47,573,111 Class A Shares issued in connection with the PIPE, consisting of (x) the 24,507,947 Class A Shares registered pursuant to this prospectus and (y) the 23,065,164 Class A Shares we expect to issue in connection with the second and final PIPE closing on or around June 28, 2024.

 

“PIPE Warrants” means, collectively, the warrants to purchase up to 47,573,111 Class A Shares at an exercise price of $1.50 issued in connection with the PIPE, consisting of (x) the warrants to purchase up to 24,507,947 Class A Shares registered pursuant to this prospectus and (y) the warrants to purchase up to 23,065,164 Class A Shares we expect to issue in connection with the second and final PIPE closing on or around June 28, 2024.

 

“Qell” means Qell Acquisition Corp., a Cayman Islands exempted company.

 

“SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

“Securities Act” means the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

“Shares” means the Class A Shares, the Class B Shares and the Class C Shares.

 

“Warrants” means the PIPE Warrants to purchase up to 24,507,947 Class A Shares at an exercise price of $1.50 per share issued in connection with the PIPE, and which may be offered and sold pursuant to this prospectus from time to time by the selling securityholders.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RISK FACTORS

 

An investment in our securities carries a significant degree of risk. Before you decide to purchase our securities, you should carefully consider all risk factors set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated by reference herein or therein. See “Documents Incorporated by Reference.” These risk factors are not exhaustive, and investors are encouraged to perform their own investigation with respect to our business, financial condition and prospects. You should carefully consider these risk factors in addition to the other information included in this prospectus, including matters addressed in the section entitled “Forward-Looking Statements.” We may face additional risks and uncertainties that are not presently known to us, or that we currently deem immaterial, which may also impair our business or financial condition. The risk factors should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and notes to the financial statements incorporated by reference herein. If any of these risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects could be materially affected. As a result, the trading prices of our securities could decline and you could lose part or all of your investment.

 

The Warrants being offered may not have value.

 

The Warrants being offered hereby will not be exercisable until the Exercisability Date, which is the date on which the Company has instructed the warrant agent that Shareholder Approval has been obtained. The Company has a General Meeting scheduled for June 26, 2024 and expects to obtain Shareholder Approval at such meeting. The Warrants will not be exercisable unless and until Shareholder Approval has been obtained.

 

The Warrants that may be offered from time to time by the selling securityholders have an exercise price of $1.50 per each Class A Share, subject to certain adjustments, and expire six years from the date of issuance, after which date any unexercised Warrants will expire and have no further value. In the event that the market price of our Class A Shares does not exceed the exercise price of the Warrants during the period when they are exercisable, the Warrants may not have any value. If the Warrants expire with no value, we will not receive any proceeds from the exercise of the Warrants to fund our operations.

 

Holders of Warrants will not have the rights of shareholders until they exercise the Warrants.

 

Until holders of the Warrants acquire Class A Shares upon exercise of such Warrants, the holders will have no rights with respect to the Class A Shares underlying the Warrants, such as voting rights. Upon exercise of the Warrants, the holders will be entitled to exercise the rights of a shareholder only as to matters for which the record date occurs after the exercise.

 

There is no public market for the Warrants.

 

There is no established public trading market for the Warrants, and we do not expect a market to develop. Additionally, we do not intend to apply to list the Warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system, including Nasdaq. Without an active market, the liquidity of the Warrants will be limited. Although we have other outstanding warrants, some of which are listed on Nasdaq, the Warrants will not be part of the same class as our other outstanding warrants and will not be fungible with our other outstanding warrants.

 

Certain provisions of the Warrants could discourage an acquisition of us by a third party.

 

Certain provisions of the Warrants could make it more difficult or expensive for a third party to acquire us. The Warrants require that, in the case of certain transactions constituting Fundamental Transactions among other things, the surviving entity must assume our obligations under the Warrants. Additionally, in certain circumstances, the holder will have the right to receive the Black Scholes Value (as defined in the Warrants) of the Warrants calculated pursuant to a formula set forth in the Warrants, payable either in cash or, in some cases, in the same type or form of consideration that is being offered and being paid to the holders of our Class A Shares as described in the Warrants. These and other provisions of the Warrants could prevent or deter a third party from acquiring us even where the acquisition could be beneficial to our investors. See “Description of Securities — Warrants — Fundamental Transactions.”

 

We may be or may become a PFIC, which could result in adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders.

 

If we or any of our subsidiaries is a passive foreign investment company (a “PFIC”) for any taxable year, or portion thereof, that is included in the holding period of a beneficial owner of our ordinary shares that is a U.S. Holder, such U.S. Holder (as defined in the section of this prospectus captioned “Taxation — Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for U.S. Holders”) may be subject to certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences and may be subject to additional reporting requirements. While we believe we were not a PFIC for the taxable year ended December 31, 2023, it is uncertain whether we or any of our subsidiaries will be treated as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for the current or any subsequent tax year. If we determine that we are a PFIC for any taxable year, upon written request, we will endeavor to provide to a U.S. Holder such information with respect to the Company as the IRS may require, including a PFIC Annual Information Statement, in order to enable the U.S. Holder to make and maintain a QEF Election (as defined in the section titled “Taxation — Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for U.S. Holders”), but there is no assurance that we will timely provide such required information. Further, there is no assurance that we will have timely knowledge of our status as a PFIC in the future or of the required information to be provided.

 

See the section titled “Taxation — Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for U.S. Holders — Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules” of this prospectus for a more detailed discussion with respect to our PFIC status and the tax consequences of PFIC classification to U.S. Holders, who are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the possible application of PFIC rules to them.

 

 

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This prospectus contains, and any prospectus supplement or documents incorporated by reference herein may contain, forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Exchange Act and Section 27A of the Securities Act. Forward-looking statements provide our current expectations or forecasts of future events and include, but are not limited to, statements regarding Lilium’s proposed business and business model, the markets and industry in which Lilium operates or intends to operate, and the anticipated timing of the commercialization and launch of Lilium’s business.

 

Forward-looking statements include statements about our expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, intentions, assumptions and other statements that are not historical facts. Words or phrases such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “objective,” “ongoing,” “opportunity,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “result,” “should,” “strategy,” “target,” “will” and “would,” or similar words or phrases, or the negatives of those words or phrases, may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not necessarily mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Examples of forward-looking statements in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or documents incorporated by reference herein include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our business plan, operations, cash flows, financial position and dividend policy.

 

Lilium operates and will continue to operate in a rapidly changing emerging industry. New risks emerge daily. Given these risks and uncertainties, you should not rely on or place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, including any statements regarding when or whether any strategic collaboration between Lilium and the respective collaborator will be effected, the number, price or timing of any Lilium Jets to be sold (or if any such Lilium Jets will be sold at all), the price to be paid therefor and the timing of launch or manner in which any proposed eVTOL network or anticipated commercial activities will operate, Lilium’s business and product development strategies or certification program, or Lilium’s funding requirements.

 

Forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties and may be based on potentially inaccurate assumptions, any of which could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those contained in or implied by our forward-looking statements. Many factors could cause actual future events and operating results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained herein, including, but not limited to, the following risks:

 

·

Lilium’s future funding requirements and any inability to raise necessary capital on favorable terms (if at all);

 

·

the potential dilutive effect, or the impact on the market price of our securities as a result, of future or perceived future capital raises or other transactions;

 

·

the eVTOL market may not continue to develop, or eVTOL aircraft may not be adopted by the transportation market;

 

·

the Lilium Jet may not be certified by transportation and aviation authorities, including EASA or the FAA;

 

·

the Lilium Jet may not deliver the expected reduction in operating costs or time savings that Lilium anticipates;

 

·

adverse developments regarding the perceived safety and positive perception of the Lilium Jets, the convenience of expected future Vertiports and Lilium’s ability to effectively market and sell RAM services and aircraft;

 

·

challenges in developing, certifying, manufacturing and launching Lilium’s services in a new industry (urban and regional air transportation services);

 

·

a delay in or failure to launch commercial services as anticipated;

 

·

the RAM market for eVTOL passenger and goods transport services does not exist, whether and how it develops is based on assumptions, and the RAM market may not achieve the growth potential Lilium’s management expects or may grow more slowly than expected;

 

·

if Lilium is unable to adequately control the costs associated with pre-launch operations and/or its costs when operations are commenced (if ever);

 

·

difficulties in managing growth and commercializing operations;

 

·

failure to commercialize Lilium’s strategic plans;

 

·

any delay in completing testing and certification, and any design changes that may be required to be implemented in order to receive type certification for the Lilium Jet;

 

·

any delays in the development, certification, manufacture and commercialization of the Lilium Jets and related technology, such as battery technology or electric motors;

 

·

any failure of the Lilium Jets to perform as expected or an inability to market and sell the Lilium Jets;

 

 

·

any failure of suppliers to achieve serial production of the proprietary and/or novel software, battery technology and other technology systems still in development;

 

·

reliance on third-party suppliers for the provision and development of key emerging technologies, components and materials used in the Lilium Jet, such as the lithium-ion batteries that will power the jets, a significant number of which may be single or limited source suppliers, and the related risk that any of these prospective suppliers or strategic partners may choose not to do business with us at all, or may insist on terms that are commercially disadvantageous, and as a result we may have significant difficulty procuring and producing our jets;

 

·

if any of Lilium’s suppliers become financially distressed or go bankrupt, Lilium may be required to provide substantial financial support or take other measures to ensure supplies of components or materials, which could increase costs, adversely affect liquidity and/or cause production disruptions;

 

·

any inability to operate network services after commercial launch at the anticipated flight rate, on the anticipated routes or with the anticipated Vertiports could adversely impact Lilium’s business, financial condition and results of operations;

 

·

potential customers may not generally accept the RAM industry or Lilium’s passenger or goods transport services;

 

·

any adverse publicity stemming from any incident involving Lilium or its competitors, or an incident involving any air travel service or unmanned flight based on autonomous technology;

 

·

if competitors obtain certification and commercialize their eVTOL vehicles before Lilium;

 

·

business disruptions and other risks arising from COVID-19 and geopolitical events, including the war in Ukraine, and including related inflationary pressures, may impact Lilium’s ability to successfully contract with its supply chain and have adverse impacts on its anticipated costs and commercialization timeline; and/or

 

·

Lilium’s inability to deliver Lilium Jets with the specifications and on the timelines anticipated in any non-binding memorandums of understanding or binding contractual agreements with customers or suppliers we have entered into or may enter into in the future.

 

The foregoing list of factors is not exhaustive. You should also consider carefully the statements set forth in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in this prospectus as well as those discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” in any prospectus supplement or the documents incorporated by reference herein. You should not rely on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date they are made. We undertake no obligation to publicly revise any forward-looking statement to reflect circumstances or events after the date such forward-looking statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. You should, however, review the factors and risks we describe in the reports we will file periodically with the SEC after the date of this prospectus.

 

Additionally, statements that “Lilium believes” or “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based on information available to us as of the date they are made, and while we believe that information provides a reasonable basis for these statements, that information may be limited or incomplete. Our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain, and you are cautioned not to unduly rely on these statements.

 

Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the time made, we cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance or achievements. Moreover, neither Lilium, the selling securityholders nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of any of these forward-looking statements. You should carefully consider the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section and similarly titled sections in the documents incorporated by reference herein in connection with the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or the documents incorporated by reference herein or therein and any subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements that may be issued by Lilium or persons acting on our behalf.

 

 

USE OF PROCEEDS

 

All of the Class A Shares and Warrants offered by the selling securityholders pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement will be sold by the respective selling securityholder for its account. We will not receive any of the proceeds from such sales. We will pay certain expenses associated with the registration of the securities covered by this prospectus, as described in the section titled “Plan of Distribution.”

 

We will receive up to an aggregate of approximately $36.7 million from the exercise of the Warrants, assuming the exercise in full of all of the Warrants. We expect to use the net proceeds from the exercise of the Warrants to continue to fund the development and operations of the Company and for general corporate purposes, which may include payment of the Company’s suppliers and working capital uses. We will have broad discretion over the use of proceeds from the exercise of the Warrants. There is no assurance that the holders of the Warrants will elect to exercise any or all of such Warrants.

 

 

DIVIDEND POLICY

 

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our Class A Shares, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends on our Class A Shares for the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain any earnings for future operations.

 

Under Dutch law, we may only pay dividends to the extent our shareholders’ equity (eigen vermogen) exceeds the sum of the paid-up and called-up share capital plus the reserves required to be maintained by Dutch law or by our articles of association and (if it concerns a distribution of profits) after adoption of the annual accounts by our General Meeting from which it appears that such distribution is allowed. Our Board shall make a proposal to the General Meeting which amount of the profit shall be allocated to the Company’s profit reserves and which amount of the profit shall be available for distribution. Our Board is permitted, subject to certain requirements, to declare interim dividends without the approval of the General Meeting.

 

Subject to such restrictions, any future determination or recommendation to pay (interim) dividends will depend on a number of factors, including our results of operations, earnings, cash flow, financial condition, future prospects, contractual restrictions, capital investment requirements, restrictions imposed by applicable law and other factors considered relevant by the Board.

 

Our Board may decide that all or part of our remaining profits shall be added to our reserves. After such reservation, any remaining profit will be at the disposal of the General Meeting at the proposal of our Board, subject to the applicable restrictions of Dutch law.

 

Dividends and other distributions shall be made payable not later than the date determined by the corporate body that declares the (interim) dividend. Claims to dividends and other distributions not made within five years from the date that such dividends or distributions became payable will lapse and any such amounts will be considered to have been forfeited to us (verjaring).

 

 

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

 

Class A Shares

 

The selling securityholders may from time to time offer and sell up to 49,015,894 our Class A Shares pursuant to this prospectus. See the documents incorporated by reference herein, including Exhibit 2.1 attached to our Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the SEC on March 15, 2024, for more information regarding our Class A Shares.

 

Issued Share Capital

 

Our issued and outstanding share capital as of June 7, 2024 consists of:

 

570,342,062 Class A Shares; and

 

23,113,065 Class B Shares.

 

Warrants

 

The following description of the Warrants issued in connection with the PIPE is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Warrant Agreement, which is attached to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part as Exhibit 10.2.

 

Exercise and Duration

 

Subject to certain adjustments described in the Warrant Agreement, the Warrants issued in connection with the PIPE are exercisable into Class A Shares at an exercise price equal to $1.50 per Class A Share. Each Warrant will become exercisable beginning on the date on which the Company has instructed the warrant agent that the Company’s General Meeting has provided Shareholder Approval authorizing the issuance of a number of Class A Shares sufficient for the full exercise of all PIPE Warrants issued in connection with the PIPE in the aggregate (which instruction the Company shall give promptly following, and in no event later than the next business day after, Shareholder Approval).

 

Fundamental Transactions

 

If, at any time while the Warrants are outstanding, (1) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, (2) the Company, directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (3) any direct or indirect purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Class A Shares are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding Class A Shares, (4) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Class A Shares or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Class A Shares are effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property (other than as a result of a stock split, combination or reclassification of the Class A Shares), or (5) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13d-5) of Persons whereby such other Person or group (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13d-5) acquires more than 50% of the outstanding Class A Shares (not including any Class A Shares held by the other Person or other Persons making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the other Persons making or party to, such stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination) (each a “Fundamental Transaction”), then, upon any subsequent exercise of Warrants, the holder shall have the right to receive, for each Class A Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the holder, the number of shares of capital stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (as determined in accordance with the terms of the Warrant Agreement and the Warrants) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of Class A Shares for which the holder’s Warrants are exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of the Warrants).

 

For purposes of the foregoing paragraph, “Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.

 

In the event of a Fundamental Transaction in which at least 10% of the consideration received by the holders of Class A Shares does not consist of common stock in the successor entity (which entity may be the Company following such Fundamental Transaction) listed on a trading market, or is to be so listed for trading immediately following such event, the Company or any successor entity shall, at the Warrant holder’s option, exercisable at any time concurrently with, or within 30 days after, the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction (or, if later, the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction), purchase the Warrants from the holder by paying to the holder an amount of cash equal to the Black Scholes Value (as defined in the Warrant Agreement) of the remaining unexercised portion of the Warrants on the date of the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction (subject to certain conditions).

 

 

Anti-dilution Adjustments

 

In the event the Company engages in certain dilutive or concentrative transactions, such as share dividends, share splits and consolidations or reclassifications, the exercise price and number of Class A Shares underlying the then-outstanding Warrants will be proportionately increased or decreased.

 

In the event Lilium engages in certain transactions that result in Lilium issuing equity at an effective price per share that is less than $1.00, then simultaneously with the consummation of each such transaction the per share exercise price of the Warrants will be proportionately reduced by the same proportion by which the effective price per share triggering the adjustment is less than $1.00 (e.g., if the triggering effective price per share is $0.80, then the then existing exercise price of the Warrants will be reduced by 20%), subject to exceptions specified in the Warrant Agreement.

 

Optional Redemption

 

If any time after the two-year anniversary of the date of issuance, but before the expiration date of the Warrants, the last reported sale price per share of the Class A Shares, as reported by Nasdaq, equals or exceeds $12.50 per share for at least 60 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a 90 consecutive trading day period, then the Company, on at least 20 trading days’ prior written notice to holders of the Warrants, may redeem the Warrants by paying the holders $0.01 per Class A Share issuable pursuant to exercise thereof, subject to prior exercise by the holder. The Warrant will remain exercisable by the holder (in whole or in part, in its entirety or in such increments, at any time and from time to time, as in each case the holder may in its sole discretion elect) for the duration of the 20 trading days’ prior written notice period.

 

Subsequent Rights Offerings

 

In the event the Company issues equity or rights to purchase equity to holders of Class A Shares on a pro rata basis, each Warrant holder will be entitled to acquire a pro rata number of Class A Shares as if such holder had exercised its Warrant into Class A Shares.

 

No Right as a Shareholder

 

Except as otherwise provided in the Warrants or by virtue of such holder’s ownership of Class A Shares, the holders of the Warrants do not have the rights or privileges of holders of our Class A Shares, including any voting rights, until they validly exercise their Warrants.

 

Listing of Securities

 

Our Class A Shares are listed on Nasdaq under the symbols “LILM.” There can be no assurance that our Class A Shares will remain listed on Nasdaq. If we fail to comply with the Nasdaq listing requirements, our Class A Shares could be delisted from Nasdaq. A delisting of our Class A Shares will likely affect the liquidity of our Class A Shares and could inhibit or restrict our ability to raise additional financing.

 

There is no trading market available for the Warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system. We do not intend to list the Warrants on Nasdaq or any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system.

 

 

SELLING SECURITYHOLDERS

 

This prospectus and any supplement hereto relate to the possible offer and sale from time to time of up to 49,015,894 Class A Shares (including the Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants) and the Warrants to purchase up to 24,507,947 Class A Shares by the selling securityholders. The selling securityholders acquired the securities offered hereby in the PIPE. See “Prospectus Summary — Recent Developments — PIPE.”

 

The selling securityholders may from time to time offer and sell any or all of the Class A Shares (including the Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants) and the Warrants set forth below pursuant to this prospectus. When we refer to the “selling securityholders” in this prospectus, we mean the entities listed in the table below, and the pledgees, donees, transferees, assignees, successors and others who later come to hold any of the selling securityholders’ interest in our securities after the date of this prospectus.

 

The following table is prepared based on information provided to us by the selling securityholders. It sets forth the names and addresses of the selling securityholders, the aggregate number of Class A Shares (including the Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants) and Warrants that the selling securityholders may offer pursuant to this prospectus and the beneficial ownership of the selling securityholders both before and after the offering. We have based percentage ownership on 593,455,127 Class A Shares, which amount assumes the conversion of all 23,113,065 Class B Shares, in each case, outstanding as of June 7, 2024.

 

The SEC has defined “beneficial ownership” of a security to mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of voting power and/or investment power over such security. A securityholder is also deemed to be, as of any date, the beneficial owner of all securities that such securityholder has the right to acquire within 60 days after that date through (i) the exercise of any option, warrant or right, (ii) the conversion of a security, (iii) the power to revoke a trust, discretionary account or similar arrangement, or (iv) the automatic termination of a trust, discretionary account or similar arrangement. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, ordinary shares subject to options, warrants or other rights (as set forth above) held by that person that are currently exercisable, or will become exercisable within 60 days of June 7, 2024, are deemed outstanding, while such shares are not deemed outstanding for purposes of computing percentage ownership of any other person.

 

We cannot advise you as to whether the selling securityholders will in fact sell any or all of such Class A Shares (including the Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants) or the Warrants. In addition, the selling securityholders may sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of, at any time and from time to time, and without our prior consent, the Class A Shares (or the Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants) or the Warrants (as applicable) in transactions exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act after the date of this prospectus, subject to applicable law.

 

Relevant information for each additional selling securityholder, if any, will be set forth in a prospectus supplement to the extent required prior to the time of any offer or sale of a selling securityholder’s securities pursuant to this prospectus. Any prospectus supplement may add, update, substitute or change the information contained in this prospectus, including the identity of each selling securityholder and the number of Class A Shares or Warrants registered on its behalf. A selling securityholder may sell all, some or none of such securities in this offering. See “Plan of Distribution.”

 

The holdings of the selling securityholders are stated as of June 7, 2024. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each selling securityholder is c/o Lilium N.V., Galileostraße 335, 82131 Gauting, Germany.

 

 

Name of Selling		Class A Shares Beneficially Owned Prior to the				Warrants Beneficially Owned Prior to the				Number of Class A Shares Being				Number of Warrants Being				Number of Class A Shares Being Offered Upon Exercise of				Class A Shares Beneficially Owned After the Class A Shares are Sold and After the Class A Shares Issuable upon Exercise of the Warrants are Sold								Warrants Beneficially Owned After the Warrants are Sold†
Securityholder		Offering+				Offering†#				Offered				Offered#				Warrants				Shares				Percent				Shares				Percent
BIT Global Internet Leaders SICAV-FIS(1)			31,230,922				10,327,000				10,327,000				10,327,000				10,327,000				10,576,922				1.8	%			—				—
Andres Jaratz (2)			95,238				47,619				47,619				47,619				47,619				—				—				—				—
A3 Investments, LLC(3)			190,476				95,238				95,238				95,238				95,238				—				—				—				—
Barry Engle(4)			6,150,599				95,238				95,238				95,238				95,238				5,960,123				1.0	%			—				—
Benjamin Karim Eisert(5)			604,521				95,238				95,238				95,238				95,238				414,045				*				—				—
Frank Thelen Capital GmbH(6)			2,866,297				952,380				952,380				952,380				952,380				961,537				*				—				—
Daniel Simon Aegerter(7)			13,764,179				1,904,761				1,904,761				1,904,761				1,904,761				9,954,657				1.7	%			—				—
Federico Kogan(8)			856,182				309,523				309,523				309,523				309,523				237,136				*				—				—
Honeywell International Inc.(9)			11,677,653				4,761,904				4,761,904				4,761,904				4,761,904				2,153,845				*				—				—
TLP One LLC(10)			1,391,753				347,619				347,619				347,619				347,619				696,515				*				—				—
Ignacio Ponce Ocampo(11)			285,714				142,857				142,857				142,857				142,857				—				—				—				—
Martin S. Anidjar(12)			238,094				119,047				119,047				119,047				119,047				—				—				—				—
Niklas Zennström(13)			670,501				238,095				238,095				238,095				238,095				194,311				*				—				—
Samnaun LLC(14)			1,117,122				309,523				309,523				309,523				309,523				498,076				*				—				—
von und zu Liechtenstein Maximilian Prinz(15)			9,523,810				4,761,905				4,761,905				4,761,905				4,761,905				—				—				—				—

 

 

*	Represents beneficial ownership of less than one percent.

 

+	Amounts in this column include the Class A Shares purchased in the PIPE and the Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants (despite the Warrants not being exercisable until the Exercisability Date).

 

†	Reflects beneficial ownership of the Warrants acquired in the PIPE and does not reflect any other outstanding warrants issued by the Company that may be beneficially owned by the selling securityholder.

 

#	The number of Warrants listed represents the number of Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants.

 

(1)

Consists of (i) 18,788,538 Class A Shares held of record, (ii) 2,115,384 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of warrants exercisable within 60 days of June 7, 2024, and (iii) 10,327,000 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of a Warrant. The business address for BIT Global Internet Leaders SICAV-FIS is 4, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

 

(2)	Consists of (i) 47,619 Class A Shares held of record and (ii) 47,619 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of a Warrant. The business address for Mr. Jaratz is 610 Paraguay St., Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1057.

 

(3)	Consists of (i) 95,238 Class A Shares held of record and (ii) 95,238 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of a Warrant. The business address for A3 Investments, LLC is 12 Calle Cerámica Parcela 39, San Juan, PR 00919.

 

(4)

Consists of (i) 2,332,117 Class A Shares, (ii) 3,723,244 Class A Shares issuable upon (x) settlement of restricted stock units that vest or (y) exercise of warrants exercisable, in each case, within 60 days of June 7, 2024, and (iii) 95,238 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of a Warrant. Mr. Engle is a member of the Board, the chair of the Company’s Audit Committee and a member of the Company’s Compensation Committee. In addition, Mr. Engle was a director and the CEO of the Company from its formation on March 11, 2021 until his resignation on September 13, 2021 in connection with the Business Combination. During that period, Mr. Engle also had voting or dispositive control over 100% of the equity securities of the Company by virtue of his relationship with Qell Partners LLC, which owned of record 100% of such securities prior to the Business Combination. Mr. Engle was also a director and the CEO of Qell Acquisition Corp., a predecessor of the Company, until September 13, 2021.

 

(5)	Consists of (i) 441,976 Class A Shares, (ii) 67,307 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of warrants exercisable within 60 days of June 7, 2024, and (iii) 95,238 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of a Warrant. The business address for Mr. Eisert is Seerosenstrasse 3 8008 Zürich, Switzerland.

 

(6)

Consists of (i) 1,721,610 Class A Shares, (ii) 192,307 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of warrants exercisable within 60 days of June 7, 2024, and (iii) 952,380 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of a Warrant. The business address for Frank Thelen Capital GmbH is Joseph-Schumpeter-Allee 25, 53227 Bonn, Germany. Frank Thelen, the managing director and Chief Executive Officer of Frank Thelen Capital GmbH was a member of the board of directors of Lilium GmbH prior to the Business Combination.

 

(7)

Consists of (i) 10,513,264 Class A Shares, (ii) 1,346,154 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of warrants exercisable within 60 days of June 7, 2024, and (iii) 1,904,761 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of a Warrant acquired in the PIPE. The business address for Mr. Aegerter is Bellerivestrasse 245, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.

 

(8)

Consists of (i) 339,383 Class A Shares, (ii) 207,276 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of warrants exercisable within 60 days of June 7, 2024, and (iii) 309,523 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of a Warrant acquired in the PIPE. The business address for Mr. Kogan is 7 World Trade Center, 46th Floor, New York, NY 10007.

 

(9)

Consists of (i) 6,531,134 Class A Shares held of record, (ii) 384,615 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of warrants exercisable within 60 days of June 7, 2024, and (iii) 4,761,904 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of a Warrant acquired in the PIPE. The Company and Honeywell International Inc. (“Honeywell”) have an arm’s-length commercial relationship whereby the Company has agreed to purchase certain avionics and other systems from Honeywell. The Company and Honeywell have entered into a letter agreement regarding their intended collaboration regarding autonomous technology and possible related applications for the Lilium Jet. The business address for Honeywell is 855 S Mint Street, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States, 28205.

 

(10)

Consists of (i) 967,211 Class A Shares (ii) 76,923 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of warrants exercisable within 60 days of June 7, 2024, and (iii) 347,619 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of a Warrant acquired in the PIPE. The business address of TLP One LLC is 129 Banks Place, Southport, CT 06890.

 

(11)	Consists of (i) 142,857 Class A Shares held of record and (ii) 142,857 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of a Warrant acquired in the PIPE. The business address of Mr. Ocampo is 99 Haviland Road, Harrison NY 10528.

 

(12)	Consists of (i) 119,047 Class A Shares held of record and (ii) 119,047 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of a Warrant acquired in the PIPE. The business address of Mr. Anidjar is 5 Fairway Dr. Mamaroneck, NY 10543.

 

(13)

Consists of (i) 393,945 Class A Shares, (ii) 38,461 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of a warrant exercisable within 60 days of June 7, 2024, and (iii) 238,095 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of a Warrant acquired in the PIPE. Mr. Zennström serves as a member of the Board and the Company’s Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Mr. Zennström is also a director of Atomico Advisors IV, Ltd. (“Atomico”) and entities affiliated with Atomico own approximately 7% of the Company’s Class A Shares (giving effect to the conversion of all outstanding Class B Shares into Class A Shares) as of June 7, 2024. As a director of Atomico, Mr. Zennström may be deemed to have shared voting and dispositive power over the Class A Shares held by entities affiliated with Atomico. The business address of Mr. Zennström is 29 Rathbone Street London, W1T 1NJ, United Kingdom.

 

(14)

Consists of (i) 759,523 Class A Shares, (ii) 48,076 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of a warrant exercisable within 60 days of June 7, 2024, and (iii) 309,523 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of a Warrant acquired in the PIPE. The business address of Samnaun LLC is 50 Riverside Blvd, Suite 16C, New York, NY 10069.

 

(15)

Consists of (i) 4,761,905 Class A Shares held of record and (ii) 4,761,905 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of a Warrant acquired in the PIPE. von und zu Liechtenstein Maximilian Prinz (“H.S.H. Prince Max”) is the son of H.S.H. Reigning Prince Hans-Adam II von und zu Liechtenstein who, as stated in a Schedule 13G/A filed with the SEC on February 2, 2023, has shared voting and dispositive power with respect to 75,983,068 Class A Shares, which represents approximately 13% of the Company’s Class A Shares (giving effect to the conversion of all outstanding Class B Shares into Class A Shares) as of June 7, 2024. The business address of H.S.H. Prince Max is Im Garsill 22, 9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein.

 

 

TAXATION

 

References in this “Taxation” section to “Warrants” refer only to the Warrants sold in the PIPE and not to any of the Company’s other outstanding warrants.

 

Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for U.S. Holders

 

The following is a description of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to the U.S. Holders (as defined below) described below of acquiring, owning and disposing of our Class A Shares and Warrants, which we refer to collectively as our securities. It is not a comprehensive description of all tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s decision to acquire our securities. This discussion applies only to a U.S. Holder that acquires our securities and that holds our securities as a capital asset (generally, property held for investment). In addition, this discussion does not describe all of the tax consequences that may be relevant in light of a U.S. Holder’s particular circumstances, including state and local tax consequences, estate tax consequences, alternative minimum tax consequences, the potential application of the Medicare contribution tax and tax consequences applicable to U.S. Holders subject to special rules, such as:

 

·

banks, insurance companies and certain other financial institutions;

 

·

pension plans;

 

·

U.S. expatriates and certain former citizens or long-term residents of the United States;

 

·

dealers or traders in securities who use a mark-to-market method of tax accounting;

 

·

persons holding Class A Shares or Warrants as part of a hedging transaction, “straddle,” “hedge,” “conversion,” “synthetic security,” “constructive ownership transaction,” “constructive sale” or other integrated transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

 

·

persons whose “functional currency” is not the U.S. dollar;

 

·

brokers, dealers or traders in securities, commodities or currencies;

 

·

tax-exempt entities (including private foundations) or government organizations;

 

·

S corporations, partnerships, or other entities or arrangements classified as partnerships or S corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

 

·

regulated investment companies or real estate investment trusts;

 

·

trusts and estates;

 

·

persons who acquired our Class A Shares pursuant to the exercise of any employee stock option or otherwise as compensation;

 

·

persons subject to special tax accounting rules as a result of any item of gross income with respect to our Class A Shares or Warrants being taken into account in an applicable financial statement;

 

·

persons holding our Class A Shares or Warrants in connection with a trade or business, permanent establishment or fixed base outside the United States; and

 

·

persons who own (directly or through attribution) 10% or more (by vote or value) of our outstanding Class A Shares.

 

If an entity that is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes acquires our securities, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partnerships acquiring our securities and partners in such partnerships are encouraged to consult their tax advisors as to the particular U.S. federal income tax consequences of acquiring, holding and disposing of our securities.

 

The discussion is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), administrative pronouncements, judicial decisions and final, temporary and proposed Treasury Regulations, all as of the date hereof, changes to any of which may affect the tax consequences described herein — possibly with retroactive effect.

 

For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of securities that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:

 

(a)

an individual who is a citizen or individual resident of the United States;

 

(b)

a corporation, or other entity taxable as a corporation, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;

 

 

(c)

an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax without regard to its source; or

 

(d)

a trust if (1) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (2) the trust has a valid election to be treated as a U.S. person under applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations.

 

PERSONS CONSIDERING AN INVESTMENT IN OUR SECURITIES SHOULD CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS AS TO THE PARTICULAR TAX CONSEQUENCES APPLICABLE TO THEM RELATING TO THE ACQUISITION, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY OF U.S. FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL TAX LAWS.

 

Distributions

 

Subject to the discussion below under “— Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules,” the gross amount of distributions paid on our Class A Shares, other than certain pro rata distributions of Class A Shares or rights to acquire Class A Shares, will generally be treated as dividends to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles as of the end of the taxable year in which each distribution is made). Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits will constitute a return of capital that will be applied against and reduce (but not below zero) the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its Class A Shares. Any remaining excess will be treated as gain realized on the sale of Class A Shares and will be treated as described below under “— Sale or Other Taxable Dispositions.” The amount of any such distribution will include any amounts of foreign taxes withheld by us (or another applicable withholding agent). The gross amount of the dividend will be treated as foreign-source dividend income to U.S. Holders and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally available to U.S. corporations. Subject to applicable limitations, dividends received by certain non-corporate U.S. Holders that satisfy a minimum holding period and certain other requirements may be taxable at preferential rates applicable to “qualified dividend income” if we qualify for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and Germany (the “U.S.-Germany Treaty”) or our Class A Shares remain listed and readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States and we are not a PFIC (as defined below) with respect to the U.S. Holder in the taxable year of distribution or the preceding taxable year.

 

Dividends will generally be included in a U.S. Holder’s income on the date of the U.S. Holder’s receipt of the dividend. Dividends paid in a currency other than U.S. dollars will be included in income by a U.S. Holder in a U.S. dollar amount calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date of receipt, whether or not the currency received is in fact converted into U.S. dollars at that time. If the dividend is converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, a U.S. Holder should not be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss in respect of the dividend income. A U.S. Holder’s tax basis in non-U.S. currency that is not converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt will equal the U.S. dollar amount included in income. A U.S. Holder would generally have foreign currency gain or loss if the non-U.S. currency received is converted into U.S. dollars after the date of receipt for a different U.S. dollar amount. Such gain or loss would generally be treated as U.S.-source ordinary income or loss. The amount of any distribution of property other than cash (and other than certain pro rata distributions of Class A Shares or rights to acquire Class A Shares) will be the fair market value of such property on the date of distribution.

 

Subject to generally applicable limitations, a U.S. Holder may claim a credit for German tax withheld at the appropriate rate against the U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability. However, a U.S. Holder will not be allowed a foreign tax credit for withholding tax it could have reasonably avoided by claiming benefits under the U.S.-Germany Treaty through appropriate procedures. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor about its eligibility for a reduced rate of German withholding tax. For foreign tax credit limitation purposes, dividends received with respect to the Class A Shares will generally constitute “passive category income.” In lieu of claiming a foreign tax credit, a U.S. Holder may deduct foreign taxes in computing their taxable income, subject to generally applicable limitations under U.S. law. An election to deduct foreign taxes instead of claiming foreign tax credits applies to all foreign taxes paid or accrued in the taxable year. The rules governing eligibility for foreign tax credits or deductions are complex and the Regulations have imposed additional requirements that must be met for a foreign tax to be creditable (including requirements that a “covered withholding tax” be imposed on non-residents in lieu of a generally applicable tax that satisfies the definition of an “income tax,” as provided in the Regulations, which may be unclear or difficult to determine). Accordingly, U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisor regarding the availability of foreign tax credits or deductions for foreign taxes withheld with respect to dividends or other distributions on Class A Shares in their particular circumstances.

 

Sale or Other Taxable Dispositions

 

Subject to the discussion below under “— Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules,” gain or loss realized on the sale or other taxable disposition of Class A Shares or Warrants will be capital gain or loss and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder held the Class A Shares or Warrants sold or disposed for more than one year at the time of sale or other taxable disposition. The amount of gain or loss realized will be equal to the difference, if any, between the amount realized on the sale or other taxable disposition of the Class A Shares or Warrants and the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the Class A Shares or Warrants sold or disposed, in each case as determined in U.S. dollars. Long-term capital gains recognized by certain non-corporate U.S. Holders (including individuals) will generally be subject to tax at preferential reduced rates. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.

 

 

A U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its Class A Shares or Warrants generally will be equal to the U.S. Holder’s acquisition cost for the Class A Shares or Warrants, which will be the U.S. dollar value of any non-U.S. dollar purchase price paid for the Class A Shares or Warrants determined on the date of purchase, less, in the case of Class A Shares, the U.S. dollar value of any prior distributions treated as a return of capital. A U.S. Holder that receives a currency other than U.S. dollars on the sale or other taxable disposition of Class A Shares or Warrants will realize an amount equal to the U.S. dollar value of the currency received at the spot rate on the date of sale or other taxable disposition. However, if the securities disposed of are treated as traded on an “established securities market” at the time of sale or other taxable disposition, a cash basis U.S. Holder or an accrual basis U.S. Holder that has made a special election, which must be applied consistently from year to year and cannot be changed without the consent of the IRS, will determine the U.S. dollar value of the amount realized by translating the amount of non-U.S. currency received at the spot rate on the settlement date. An accrual basis taxpayer that is not eligible to or does not elect to determine the amount realized using the spot rate on the settlement date will recognize foreign currency gain or loss to the extent of any difference between the U.S. dollar amount realized on the date of sale or disposition and the U.S. dollar value of the currency received at the spot rate on the settlement date. A U.S. Holder will have a tax basis in the currency received equal to its U.S. dollar value at the spot rate on the settlement date. Any currency gain or loss realized on the settlement date or on a subsequent conversion of the non-U.S. currency for a different U.S. dollar amount generally will be U.S. source ordinary income or loss.

 

Exercise or Lapse of a Warrant

 

A U.S. Holder generally will not recognize taxable gain or loss upon the exercise of a Warrant for cash. The U.S. Holder’s initial tax basis in our Class A Shares received upon exercise of the Warrant will generally be an amount equal to the sum of the U.S. Holder’s acquisition cost of the Warrant and the exercise price of such Warrant. It is unclear whether a U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Class A Shares received upon exercise of the Warrant would commence on the date of exercise of the Warrant or the day following the date of exercise of the Warrant; however, in either case, the holding period will not include the period during which the U.S. Holder held the Warrants. If a Warrant is allowed to lapse unexercised, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize a capital loss equal to such holder’s tax basis in the Warrant.

 

Possible Constructive Distributions

 

The terms of each Warrant provide for an adjustment to the number of Class A Shares for which the Warrant may be exercised or to the exercise price of the Warrant in certain events. An adjustment that has the effect of preventing dilution generally is not taxable. A U.S. Holder would, however, be treated as receiving a constructive distribution from us if, for example, the adjustment increased such U.S. Holder’s proportionate interest in our assets or earnings and profits (e.g., through an increase in the number of our ordinary shares that would be obtained upon exercise) as a result of a distribution of cash to the holders of Class A Shares that is taxable to the U.S. Holders of such shares as described under “— Distributions” above. Such constructive distribution would be subject to tax as described under that section in the same manner as if a U.S. Holder received a cash distribution from us equal to the fair market value of such increased interest.

 

Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules

 

If we are classified as a PFIC in any taxable year, a U.S. Holder will be subject to special rules generally intended to reduce or eliminate any benefits from the deferral of U.S. federal income tax that a U.S. Holder could derive from investing in a non-U.S. company that does not distribute all of its earnings on a current basis.

 

A non-U.S. corporation is classified as a PFIC for any taxable year in which, after applying certain look-through rules and taking into account a pro rata portion of the income and assets of 25% or more owned subsidiaries, either:

 

·

at least 75% of its gross income is passive income (the “Income Test”); or

 

·

at least 50% of the average quarterly value of its gross assets is attributable to assets that produce, or are held to produce, passive income or that do not produce income (the “Asset Test”).

 

It is uncertain whether we or any of our subsidiaries will be treated as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for the current or any subsequent tax year. Whether the Company is a PFIC is a factual determination made annually based on principles and methodologies that in some circumstances are unclear and subject to varying interpretation. Under the Income Test, our status as a PFIC depends on the composition of our income, which will depend on the transactions we enter into in the future and our corporate structure. The composition of our income and assets is also affected by the spending of the cash we raise in any offering. Under the Asset Test, the Company’s status as a PFIC will generally depend on the amount of the Company’s goodwill that is characterized as an active asset. The rules for characterizing a corporation’s goodwill as active or passive assets are uncertain. However, one reasonable approach for determining the character of goodwill for purposes of the Asset Test requires identifying goodwill with specific income producing activities and characterizing goodwill as active or passive based on the income derived from each activity. Because PFIC status is based on our income, assets and activities for the entire taxable year, it is not possible to determine whether we will be classified as a PFIC for the current taxable year or any subsequent year until after the close of the relevant taxable year.

 

 

If we are classified as a PFIC for any taxable year in which a U.S. Holder owns our securities, such U.S. Holder would, in that and all subsequent taxable years, be subject to additional taxes on any (i) distributions exceeding 125% of the average amount received during the three preceding taxable years (or, if shorter, the U.S. Holder’s holding period) (such distributions, “excess distributions”) and (ii) gain recognized from the sale or other taxable disposition (including, under certain circumstances, a pledge) of such U.S. Holder’s securities (regardless of whether the Company continued to be a PFIC under either of the tests above) unless (a) such U.S. Holder makes a timely QEF Election (as defined below) or (b) our securities constitute “marketable” securities and such U.S. Holder makes a timely mark-to-market election as discussed below. To compute the tax on excess distributions or any gain, (i) the excess distribution or gain is allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period in the securities, (ii) the amount allocated to the current taxable year and any year before we became a PFIC is taxed as ordinary income in the current year and (iii) the amount allocated to each other taxable year is taxed at the highest tax rate in effect for such year for individuals or corporations, as appropriate, and an interest charge is imposed to recover the deemed benefit from the deferred payment of the resulting tax attributable to each such year. The tax liability for amounts allocated to years prior to the year of the excess distribution or disposition cannot be offset by any net operating losses for such years, and gains (but not losses) realized on the sale of the securities cannot be treated as capital, even if a U.S. Holder holds the securities as capital assets. In addition, dividends on the Class A Shares would not be eligible for the preferential tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income received by individuals and certain other non-corporate persons.

 

If we are classified as a PFIC, a U.S. Holder will generally be subject to similar rules with respect to distributions we receive from, and our dispositions of the stock of, any of our direct or indirect subsidiaries that also are PFICs (such PFIC subsidiaries, “lower-tier PFICs”), as if such distributions were indirectly received by, and/or dispositions were indirectly carried out by, such U.S. Holder. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to our subsidiaries.

 

If we are classified as a PFIC in any taxable year in which a U.S. Holder owns our securities, we will continue to be treated as a PFIC with respect to such U.S. Holder in all succeeding years during which the U.S. Holder owns our securities, regardless of whether we continue to meet either of the tests described above for any succeeding year, unless (i) we cease to be a PFIC and the U.S. Holder has made a “deemed sale” election with respect to our securities or (ii) the U.S. Holder makes a valid QEF Election with respect to all taxable years in such U.S. Holder’s holding period during which we are a PFIC. If the “deemed sale” election is made, a U.S. Holder will be deemed to have sold its securities at their fair market value and any gain from such deemed sale would be subject to the rules described above. After the deemed sale election, so long as we do not become a PFIC in a subsequent taxable year, the U.S. Holder’s securities with respect to which such election was made will not be treated as shares in a PFIC, and the U.S. Holder will not be subject to the rules described above with respect to any “excess distribution” the U.S. Holder receives from us or any gain from an actual sale or other taxable disposition of the securities. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors as to the possibility and consequences of making a deemed sale election if we have been classified as a PFIC in any taxable year in which a U.S. Holder owns securities and subsequently cease to be a PFIC.

 

Certain elections exist that may alleviate some of the adverse consequences of PFIC status and would result in alternative U.S. federal income tax consequences for U.S. Holders owning and disposing of our Class A Shares. A U.S. Holder may avoid the general tax treatment for PFICs described above by electing to treat us as a “qualified electing fund” under Section 1295 of the Code (a “QEF,” and such election, a “QEF Election”) for each of the taxable years during the U.S. Holder’s holding period that we are a PFIC. If a QEF Election is not in effect for the first taxable year in the U.S. Holder’s holding period in which we are a PFIC, a QEF Election generally can only be made if the U.S. Holder elects to make an applicable deemed sale or deemed dividend election on the first day of its taxable year in which we became a QEF pursuant to the QEF Election. The deemed gain or deemed dividend recognized with respect to such an election would be subject to the general tax treatment of excess distributions and disposal gains discussed above. In order to comply with the requirements of a QEF Election, a U.S. Holder must receive a PFIC Annual Information Statement from us. If we determine that we are a PFIC for any taxable year, upon written request, we will endeavor to provide to a U.S. Holder such information with respect to the Company as the IRS may require, including a PFIC Annual Information Statement, in order to enable the U.S. Holder to make and maintain a QEF election, but there is no assurance that we will timely provide such required information. Further, there is no assurance that we will have timely knowledge of our status as a PFIC in the future or of all of the information required to be provided. A QEF Election may not be available for the Warrants regardless of whether we provide such information.

 

 

If a U.S. Holder makes a QEF Election with respect to its Class A Shares, it will be taxed currently on its pro rata share of our ordinary earnings and net capital gain (at ordinary income and capital gain rates, respectively) for each taxable year that we are a PFIC, even if no distributions are received. Any distributions we make out of our earnings and profits that were previously included in such a U.S. Holder’s income as a result of making the QEF Election would not be taxable to such U.S. Holder. Such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its Class A Shares would be increased by an amount equal to any income included under the QEF Election and decreased by any amount distributed on the Class A Shares that is not included in its income. In addition, a U.S. Holder will recognize capital gain or loss on the disposition of its Class A Shares in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized and its adjusted tax basis in the Class A Shares, each as determined in U.S. dollars. Once made, a QEF Election remains in effect unless invalidated or terminated by the IRS or revoked by the shareholder. A QEF Election can be revoked only with the consent of the IRS. A U.S. Holder that has made a QEF Election will not be currently taxed on our ordinary income and net capital gain for any taxable year for which we are not classified as a PFIC. A separate QEF Election is required for any equity interests in any lower-tier PFICs that we own. There can be no assurance that we will have timely knowledge of the PFIC status of any equity interests in any non-U.S. corporation that we may own or that we will be able to provide all of the information required to make a valid QEF Election for any lower-tier PFIC that we may own. Each U.S. Holder should consult its tax advisor regarding the availability of, and procedure for making, any deemed gain, deemed dividend or QEF Election.

 

Alternatively, U.S. Holders can avoid the interest charge on excess distributions or gain relating to such U.S. Holder’s Class A Shares and certain other of the adverse impacts of the PFIC rules described above by making a mark-to-market election with respect to such Class A Shares, provided that the Class A Shares constitute “marketable stock.” “Marketable stock” is, generally, stock that is “regularly traded” on certain U.S. stock exchanges or on a foreign stock exchange that meets certain conditions. For these purposes, stock is considered regularly traded during any calendar year during which shares are traded, other than in de minimis quantities, on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter. Any trades that have as their principal purpose meeting this requirement will be disregarded. Our Class A Shares are listed on Nasdaq, which is a qualified exchange for these purposes. Consequently, if our Class A Shares remain listed on Nasdaq and are regularly traded, and you are a U.S. Holder of Class A Shares, we expect the mark-to-market election would be available to you if we are a classified as a PFIC. No assurance can be given that the Class A Shares will be traded in sufficient frequency and quantity to be considered “marketable stock.” Each U.S. Holder should consult its tax advisor as to whether a mark-to-market election is available or advisable with respect to the securities.

 

A U.S. Holder that makes a mark-to-market election with respect to its Class A Shares must include in ordinary income for each year an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the Class A Shares at the close of the taxable year over the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis of such Class A Shares. An electing holder may also claim an ordinary loss deduction for the excess, if any, of the U.S. Holder’s adjusted basis in its Class A Shares over their fair market value at the close of the taxable year, but this deduction is allowable only to the extent of any unreversed mark-to-market gains included in income in prior taxable years. Gains from an actual sale or other disposition of the Class A Shares will be treated as ordinary income, and any losses incurred on a sale or other disposition of the Class A Shares will be treated as an ordinary loss to the extent of any unreversed mark-to-market gains previously included in income. Once made, a mark-to-market election cannot be revoked without the consent of the IRS, unless our Class A Shares cease to be marketable.

 

However, a mark-to-market election generally cannot be made for equity interests in any lower-tier PFICs that we own, unless shares of such lower-tier PFIC are themselves “marketable.” As a result, even if a U.S. Holder validly makes a mark-to-market election with respect to our Class A Shares, the U.S. Holder may continue to be subject to the PFIC rules (described above) with respect to its indirect interest in any of our investments that are treated as an equity interest in a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors to determine whether any of these elections would be available and, if so, what the consequences of the alternative treatments would be in their particular circumstances.

 

Unless otherwise provided by the IRS, each U.S. shareholder of a PFIC is required to file an annual report containing such information as the IRS may require. A U.S. Holder’s failure to file the annual report will cause the statute of limitations for such U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax return to remain open with regard to the items required to be included in such report until three years after the U.S. Holder files the annual report, and, unless such failure is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, the statute of limitations for the U.S. Holder’s entire U.S. federal income tax return will remain open during such period.

 

Furthermore, recently proposed Treasury Regulations related to PFICs (which will not be effective until finalized) may affect the taxation and reporting obligations of partners of certain U.S. partnerships that invest in PFICs. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the requirements of filing such information returns under these rules.

 

WE STRONGLY URGE YOU TO CONSULT YOUR TAX ADVISOR REGARDING THE IMPACT OF OUR PFIC STATUS ON YOUR INVESTMENT IN THE SECURITIES AS WELL AS THE APPLICATION OF THE PFIC RULES TO YOUR INVESTMENT IN THE SECURITIES.

 

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

 

Payments of dividends (including constructive dividends) on Class A Shares and sales proceeds from the sale or other disposition of our securities that are made by a U.S. paying agent or other U.S. intermediary or to an account in the United States will be reported to the IRS and to the U.S. Holder unless the holder is a corporation or otherwise establishes a basis for exemption. Backup withholding may apply to payments subject to information reporting if the U.S. Holder fails to provide an accurate taxpayer identification number or certification of exempt status. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a U.S. Holder will be refunded (or credited against such U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, if any), provided the required information is furnished to the IRS. Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors as to their qualification for exemption from backup withholding and the procedure for establishing an exemption.

 

 

Certain U.S. Holders may be required to report information relating to their ownership of securities to the IRS, subject to certain exceptions (including an exception for securities held in accounts maintained by certain U.S. financial institutions), by filing IRS Form 8938 (Statement of Specified Foreign Financial Assets) with their federal income tax return. U.S. Holders who fail to timely furnish the required information may be subject to a penalty. Additionally, if a U.S. Holder does not file the required information, the statute of limitations with respect to tax returns of the U.S. Holder to which the information relates may not close until three years after such information is filed. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding their information reporting obligations with respect to their ownership and disposition of securities.

 

THE DISCUSSION ABOVE IS A GENERAL SUMMARY OF U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES. IT DOES NOT COVER ALL TAX MATTERS THAT MAY BE OF IMPORTANCE TO A PARTICULAR INVESTOR. ALL PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS AS TO THE PARTICULAR TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF OWNING THE SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF STATE, LOCAL, NON-U.S. AND OTHER TAX LAWS AND POSSIBLE CHANGES IN TAX LAW.

 

Material Dutch Tax Considerations

 

The following summary outlines certain material Dutch tax consequences in connection with the acquisition, ownership and disposal of Class A Shares and/or the acquisition, ownership, disposal and exercise of Warrants. All references in this summary to the Netherlands and Dutch law are to the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and its law, respectively, only. The summary does not purport to present any comprehensive or complete picture of all Dutch tax aspects that could be of relevance to the acquisition, ownership and disposal of Class A Shares and/or the acquisition, ownership, disposal and exercise of Warrants by a (prospective) holder of Class A Shares and/or Warrants who may be subject to special tax treatment under applicable law. The summary is based on the tax laws and practice of the Netherlands as in effect on the date of this prospectus, which are subject to changes that could prospectively or retrospectively affect the Dutch tax consequences.

 

For purposes of Dutch income and corporate income tax, shares, warrants or certain other assets, which may include depositary receipts in respect of shares, legally owned by a third party such as a trustee, foundation or similar entity or arrangement (a “Third Party”), may under certain circumstances have to be allocated to the (deemed) settlor, grantor or similar originator (the “Settlor”) or, upon the death of the Settlor, such Settlor’s beneficiaries (the “Beneficiaries”) in proportion to their entitlement to the estate of the Settlor of such trust or similar arrangement (the “Separated Private Assets”).

 

This summary does not address the Dutch tax consequences for a holder of Class A Shares and/or Warrants that is considered to be affiliated (gelieerd) to the Company within the meaning of the Dutch Withholding Tax Act 2021 (Wet bronbelasting 2021). Generally, a holder of Class A Shares and/or Warrants is considered to be affiliated to the Company for these purposes if (i) it has a qualifying interest in the Company, (ii) the Company has a qualifying interest in such party or (iii) a third party has a qualifying interest in both the Company and such party. A party is equated with any collaborating group of parties of which it forms part. A qualifying interest is an interest that allows the holder to have a decisive influence over the other party’s decisions in such a way that it is able to determine the activities of the other party. A party is in any case considered to have a qualifying interest in another party if it (directly or indirectly) owns more than 50% of the voting rights in such other party.

 

This summary does not address the Dutch tax consequences of a holder of Class A Shares and/or Warrants who is an individual and who has a substantial interest (aanmerkelijk belang) in the Company. Generally, a holder of Class A Shares and/or Warrants will have a substantial interest in the Company if such holder of Class A Shares and/or Warrants, whether alone or together with such holder’s spouse or partner and/or certain other close relatives, holds directly or indirectly, or as Settlor or Beneficiary of Separated Private Assets (i) (x) the ownership of, (y) certain other rights, such as usufruct, over or (z) rights to acquire (whether or not already issued, including by way of the Warrants) shares (including Class A Shares) representing 5% or more of the total issued and outstanding capital (or the issued and outstanding capital of any class of shares) of the Company or (ii) (x) the ownership of or (y) certain other rights, such as usufruct, over profit participating certificates (winstbewijzen) that relate to 5% or more of the annual profit of the Company or to 5% or more of the liquidation proceeds of the Company.

 

Additionally, a holder of Class A Shares and/or Warrants has a substantial interest in the Company if such holder, whether alone or together with such holder’s spouse or partner and/or certain other close relatives, has the ownership of, or other rights over, shares, or depositary receipts in respect of shares, in, or profit certificates issued by, the Company that represent less than 5% of the relevant aggregate that either (a) qualified as part of a substantial interest as set forth above and where shares, or depositary receipts in respect of shares, profit certificates and/or rights there over have been, or are deemed to have been, partially disposed of or (b) have been acquired as part of a transaction that qualified for non-recognition of gain treatment.

 

 

This summary does not describe Dutch tax considerations in relation to the Dutch Minimum Taxation Act (Wet minimumbelasting 2024).

 

Furthermore, this summary does not address the Dutch tax consequences of a holder of Class A Shares and/or Warrants who:

 

(a)

is an individual and receives income or realizes capital gains in respect of Class A Shares and/or Warrants in connection with such holder’s employment activities or in such holder’s capacity as a (former) board member or (former) supervisory board member; or

 

(b)

is a resident of any non-European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

 

PROSPECTIVE HOLDERS OF CLASS A SHARES AND/OR WARRANTS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR OWN PROFESSIONAL ADVISER WITH RESPECT TO THE DUTCH TAX CONSEQUENCES OF ANY ACQUISITION, OWNERSHIP OR DISPOSAL OF CLASS A SHARES AND/OR THE ACQUISITION, REDEMPTION, DISPOSAL OR EXERCISE OF WARRANTS IN THEIR INDIVIDUAL CIRCUMSTANCES.

 

Dividend Withholding Tax

 

General

 

Pursuant to Dutch domestic law, and subject to tax treaty relief, the Company is generally required to withhold dividend withholding tax imposed by the Netherlands at a rate of 15% on dividends distributed by the Company in respect of Class A Shares and/or Warrants. For so long as the German and Dutch competent authorities consider the Company to be solely resident in Germany for purposes of the DE — NL tax treaty (See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Ownership of Our Class A Shares and Public Warrants — The Company intends to operate so as to be treated as exclusively resident in Germany for tax purposes, but the relevant tax authorities may treat it as also being tax resident elsewhere” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on March 15, 2024), however, dividends distributed by the Company to a holder of Class A Shares and/or Warrants will not be subject to Dutch dividend withholding tax, unless such holder of Class A Shares and/or Warrants is resident or deemed to be resident in the Netherlands or such holder of Class A Shares and/or Warrants has an enterprise or an interest in an enterprise that is, in whole or in part, carried on through a permanent establishment (vaste inrichting) or a permanent representative (vaste vertegenwoordiger) in the Netherlands and to which enterprise or part of an enterprise, as the case may be, Class A Shares and/or Warrants are attributable.

 

The expression “dividends distributed by the Company” as used herein includes, but is not limited to:

 

(a)

distributions in cash or in kind, deemed and constructive distributions and repayments of paid-in capital (gestort kapitaal) not recognized for Dutch dividend withholding tax purposes;

 

(b)

liquidation proceeds, proceeds of redemption of Class A Shares or, as a rule, consideration for the repurchase of Class A Shares by the Company in excess of the average paid-in capital recognized for Dutch dividend withholding tax purposes;

 

(c)

the par value of Class A Shares issued to a holder of Class A Shares or an increase of the par value of Class A Shares, to the extent that it does not appear that a contribution, recognized for Dutch dividend withholding tax purposes, has been made or will be made;

 

(d)

partial repayment of paid-in capital, recognized for Dutch dividend withholding tax purposes, if and to the extent that there are net profits (zuivere winst), unless (i) the shareholders at the General Meeting have resolved in advance to make such repayment and (ii) the par value of the Class A Shares concerned has been reduced by an equal amount by way of an amendment of our articles of association;

 

(e)

potentially, payments upon the exercise of Warrants if the exercise price paid in cash plus the purchase price initially paid for the relevant Warrants is lower than the par value of Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of such Warrants, unless and to the extent the par value of Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of such Warrants is charged against the Company’s share premium reserve recognized for Dutch dividend withholding tax purposes; and

 

(f)

potentially, proceeds of the redemption or repurchase of Warrants.

 

Holders of Class A Shares and/or Warrants Resident in the Netherlands or with a Permanent Establishment (vaste inrichting) or a Permanent Representative (vaste vertegenwoordiger) in the Netherlands

 

Dividends distributed by the Company to a holder of Class A Shares and/or Warrants that is resident or deemed to be resident in the Netherlands or that has an enterprise or an interest in an enterprise that is, in whole or in part, carried on through a permanent establishment (vaste inrichting) or a permanent representative (vaste vertegenwoordiger) in the Netherlands and to which enterprise or part of an enterprise, as the case may be, Class A Shares and/or Warrants are attributable, will in principle be subject to Dutch dividend withholding tax at a rate of 15%.

 

 

A holder of Class A Shares and/or Warrants that is an individual that is resident or deemed to be resident in the Netherlands for Dutch tax purposes is generally entitled, subject to the anti-dividend stripping rules described below, to a full credit against its income tax liability, or a full refund, of the Dutch dividend withholding tax.

 

A holder of Class A Shares and/or Warrants that is a legal entity that is resident or deemed to be resident in the Netherlands for Dutch tax purposes is generally entitled, subject to the anti-dividend stripping rules described below, to a full credit against its corporate income tax liability of the Dutch dividend withholding tax. If and to the extent such legal entity cannot credit the full amount of Dutch dividend withholding tax in a given year, the Dutch dividend withholding tax may be carried forward and credited against its corporate income tax liability in subsequent years (without any time limitation).

 

The two previous paragraphs generally apply to holders of Class A Shares and/or Warrants that are neither resident nor deemed to be resident in the Netherlands for Dutch tax purposes if the Class A Shares and/or Warrants are attributable to a permanent establishment (vaste inrichting) or a permanent representative (vaste vertegenwoordiger) in the Netherlands of such non-resident holder of Class A Shares and/or Warrants.

 

A holder of Class A Shares and/or Warrants that is a legal entity that is resident or deemed to be resident in the Netherlands for Dutch tax purposes that is exempt from Dutch corporate income tax but that is not a qualifying exempt investment institution (vrijgestelde beleggingsinstelling) is generally entitled, subject to the anti-dividend stripping rules described below, to an exemption at source (subject to the completion of certain necessary procedural formalities) or a full refund of Dutch dividend withholding tax on dividends received.

 

According to the anti-dividend stripping rules, no exemption, reduction, credit or refund of Dutch dividend withholding tax will be granted if the recipient of the dividend paid by the Company is not considered the beneficial owner (uiteindelijk gerechtigde) of the dividend as defined in these rules. A recipient of a dividend is not considered the beneficial owner of the dividend if, as a consequence of a combination of transactions and tested at group level, (i) a person (other than the holder of the dividend coupon), directly or indirectly, partly or wholly benefits from the dividend, (ii) such person directly or indirectly retains or acquires a comparable interest in Class A Shares and/or Warrants and (iii) such person is entitled to a less favorable exemption, refund or credit of dividend withholding tax than the recipient of the dividend distribution. The term “combination of transactions” includes transactions that have been entered into in the anonymity of a regulated stock market, the sole acquisition of one or more dividend coupons and the establishment of short-term rights or enjoyment on Class A Shares and/or Warrants (e.g., usufruct). The burden of proof to demonstrate that the recipient of a dividend qualifies as the beneficial owner of such dividend lies with the recipient, unless the amount of the withheld dividend withholding tax in respect of such recipient in the relevant calendar year is €1,000 or less.

 

Holders of Class A Shares and/or Warrants Resident Outside the Netherlands

 

Dividends distributed by the Company to a holder of Class A Shares and/or Warrants not resident or deemed to be resident in the Netherlands for (corporate) income tax purposes and that does not have an enterprise or an interest in an enterprise that is, in whole or in part, carried on through a permanent establishment (vaste inrichting) or a permanent representative (vaste vertegenwoordiger) in the Netherlands and to which enterprise or part of an enterprise, as the case may be, Class A Shares and/or Warrants are attributable will not be subject to any Dutch dividend withholding tax.

 

The Company will, however, in principle be required to withhold Dutch dividend withholding tax on dividends distributed by the Company to holders of Class A Shares and/or Warrants that are resident or deemed to be resident in the Netherlands (or to holders of Class A Shares and/or Warrants that have an enterprise or an interest in an enterprise that is, in whole or in part, carried on through a permanent establishment (vaste inrichting) or a permanent representative (vaste vertegenwoordiger) in the Netherlands and to which enterprise or part of an enterprise, as the case may be, Class A Shares and/or Warrants are attributable). As a result, upon the distribution of a dividend on Class A Shares and/or Warrants, the Company will be required to identify the residency of holders of Class A Shares and/or Warrants (as the case may be), which may not always be possible in practice. In such a scenario, a holder of Class A Shares and/or Warrants not resident or deemed to be resident in the Netherlands for (corporate) income tax purposes and that does not have an enterprise or an interest in an enterprise that is, in whole or in part, carried on through a permanent establishment (vaste inrichting) or a permanent representative (vaste vertegenwoordiger) in the Netherlands and to which enterprise or part of an enterprise, as the case may be, Class A Shares and/or Warrants are attributable can submit a digital application for a refund of Dutch dividend withholding tax via http://belastingdienst.nl/refunddividendtax.

 

Taxes on Income and Capital Gains

 

Holders of Class A Shares and/or Warrants Resident in the Netherlands: Individuals

 

 

A holder of Class A Shares and/or Warrants who is an individual resident or deemed to be resident in the Netherlands for Dutch tax purposes will be subject to regular Dutch income tax on the income derived from Class A Shares and/or Warrants and the gains realized upon the acquisition, redemption and/or disposal of Class A Shares and/or the acquisition, redemption, disposal or exercise of Warrants by the holder thereof, if:

 

(a)

such holder of Class A Shares and/or Warrants has an enterprise or an interest in an enterprise, to which enterprise Class A Shares and/or Warrants are attributable; and/or

 

(b)

such income or capital gain forms “a benefit from miscellaneous activities” (“resultaat uit overige werkzaamheden”) that, for instance, would be the case if the activities with respect to Class A Shares and/or Warrants exceed “normal active asset management” (“normaal, actief vermogensbeheer”) or if income and gains are derived from the holding, whether directly or indirectly, of (a combination of) shares, debt claims or other rights (together, a “lucrative interest” (“lucratief belang”)) that the holder thereof has acquired under such circumstances that such income and gains are intended to be remuneration for work or services performed by such holder (or a related person), whether within or outside an employment relation, where such lucrative interest provides the holder thereof, economically speaking, with certain benefits that have a relation to the relevant work or services.

 

If either of the abovementioned conditions (a) or (b) applies, income derived from Class A Shares and/or Warrants and the gains realized upon the acquisition, redemption and/or disposal of Class A Shares and/or the acquisition, redemption, disposal or exercise of Warrants will in general be subject to Dutch income tax at the progressive rates up to 49.5%.

 

If the abovementioned conditions (a) and (b) do not apply, a holder of Class A Shares and/or Warrants who is an individual, resident or deemed to be resident in the Netherlands for Dutch tax purposes will not be subject to taxes on income and capital gains in the Netherlands. Instead, such individual is generally taxed at a flat rate of 36% on deemed income from “savings and investments” (“sparen en beleggen”), which deemed income is determined on the basis of the amount included in the individual’s “yield basis” (“rendementsgrondslag”) at the beginning of the calendar year (minus a tax-free threshold; the yield basis minus such threshold being the tax basis (“grondslag sparen en beleggen”)). For the 2024 tax year, the deemed income derived from savings and investments will be a percentage of the tax basis up to 6.04% that is determined based on the actual allocation of (i) savings, (ii) other investments and (iii) debts/liabilities within the individual’s yield basis. The tax-free threshold for 2024 is €57,000. The percentages to determine the deemed income will be reassessed every year. These rules are subject to litigation and may therefore change. You may need to file (protective) appeals to any assessments based on these rules to benefit from any beneficial case law.

 

Holders of Class A Shares and/or Warrants Resident in the Netherlands: Corporate Entities

 

A holder of Class A Shares and/or Warrants that is resident or deemed to be resident in the Netherlands for corporate income tax purposes and that is:

 

·

a corporation;

 

·

another entity with a capital divided into shares;

 

·

a cooperative (association); or

 

·

another legal entity that has an enterprise or an interest in an enterprise to which Class A Shares and/or Warrants are attributable,

 

but that is not:

 

·

a qualifying pension fund;

 

·

a qualifying investment institution (fiscale beleggingsinstelling) or a qualifying exempt investment institution (vrijgestelde beleggingsinstelling); or

 

·

another entity exempt from corporate income tax,

 

will in general be subject to regular Dutch corporate income tax, generally levied at a rate of 25.8% (19% over profits up to and including €200,000) over income derived from Class A Shares and/or Warrants and the gains realized upon the acquisition, redemption and/or disposal of Class A Shares and/or the acquisition, redemption, disposal or exercise of Warrants, unless, and to the extent that, the participation exemption (deelnemingsvrijstelling) applies.

 

 

Holders of Class A Shares and/or Warrants Resident Outside the Netherlands: Individuals

 

A holder of Class A Shares and/or Warrants who is an individual not resident or deemed to be resident in the Netherlands will not be subject to any Dutch taxes on income derived from Class A Shares and/or Warrants and the gains realized upon the acquisition, redemption and/or disposal of Class A Shares and/or the acquisition, redemption, disposal or exercise of Warrants, unless:

 

(a)

such holder has an enterprise or an interest in an enterprise that is, in whole or in part, carried on through a permanent establishment (vaste inrichting) or a permanent representative (vaste vertegenwoordiger) in the Netherlands and to which enterprise or part of an enterprise, as the case may be, Class A Shares and/or Warrants are attributable; or

 

(b)

such income or capital gain forms a “benefit from miscellaneous activities in the Netherlands” (“resultaat uit overige werkzaamheden in Nederland”), which would for instance be the case if the activities in the Netherlands with respect to Class A Shares and/or Warrants exceed “normal active asset management” (“normaal, actief vermogensbeheer” or if such income and gains are derived from the holding, whether directly or indirectly, of (a combination of) shares, debt claims or other rights (together, a “lucrative interest” (“lucratief belang”)) that the holder thereof has acquired under such circumstances that such income and gains are intended to be remuneration for work or services performed by such holder (or a related person), in whole or in part, in the Netherlands, whether within or outside an employment relation, where such lucrative interest provides the holder thereof, economically speaking, with certain benefits that have a relation to the relevant work or services.

 

If either of the abovementioned conditions (a) or (b) applies, income or capital gains in respect of dividends distributed by the Company or in respect of any gains realized upon the acquisition, redemption and/or disposal of Class A Shares and/or the acquisition, redemption, disposal or exercise of Warrants will in general be subject to Dutch income tax at the progressive rates up to 49.5%.

 

Holders of Class A Shares and/or Warrants Resident Outside the Netherlands: Legal and Other Entities

 

A holder of Class A Shares and/or Warrants that is a legal entity, another entity with a capital divided into shares, an association, a foundation or a fund or trust, not resident or deemed to be resident in the Netherlands for corporate income tax purposes, will not be subject to any Dutch taxes on income derived from Class A Shares and/or Warrants and the gains realized upon the acquisition, redemption and/or disposal of Class A Shares and/or the acquisition, redemption, disposal or exercise of Warrants, unless:

 

(a)

such holder has an enterprise or an interest in an enterprise that is, in whole or in part, carried on through a permanent establishment (vaste inrichting) or a permanent representative (vastevertegenwoordiger) in the Netherlands and to which enterprise or part of an enterprise, as the case may be, Class A Shares and/or Warrants are attributable; or

 

(b)

such holder has a substantial interest (aanmerkelijk belang) in the Company that (i) is held with the avoidance of Dutch income tax of another person as (one of) the main purpose(s) and (ii) forms part of an artificial structure or series of structures (such as structures that are not put into place for valid business reasons reflecting economic reality).

 

If one of the abovementioned conditions applies, income derived from Class A Shares and/or Warrants and the gains realized upon the acquisition, redemption and/or disposal of Class A Shares and/or the acquisition, redemption, disposal or exercise of Warrants will, in general, be subject to Dutch regular corporate income tax levied at a rate of 25.8% (19% over profits up to and including €200,000), unless, and to the extent that, with respect to a holder as described under (a), the participation exemption (deelnemingsvrijstelling) applies.

 

Gift, Estate and Inheritance Taxes

 

Holders of Class A Shares and/or Warrants Resident in the Netherlands

 

Gift tax may be due in the Netherlands with respect to an acquisition of Class A Shares and/or Warrants by way of a gift by a holder of Class A Shares and/or Warrants who is resident or deemed to be resident of the Netherlands at the time of the gift.

 

Inheritance tax may be due in the Netherlands with respect to an acquisition or deemed acquisition of Class A Shares and/or Warrants by way of an inheritance or bequest on the death of a holder of Class A Shares and/or Warrants who is resident or deemed to be resident of the Netherlands, or in case of a gift by an individual who at the date of the gift was neither resident nor deemed to be resident in the Netherlands, such individual dies within 180 days after the date of the gift, while that individual, at the time of the individual’s death, is resident or deemed to be resident in the Netherlands.

 

For purposes of Dutch gift and inheritance tax, an individual with the Dutch nationality will be deemed to be resident in the Netherlands if such individual has been resident in the Netherlands at any time during the ten years preceding the date of the gift or such individual’s death. For purposes of Dutch gift tax, an individual not holding the Dutch nationality will be deemed to be resident of the Netherlands if such individual has been resident in the Netherlands at any time during the twelve months preceding the date of the gift.

 

 

Holders of Class A Shares and/or Warrants Resident Outside the Netherlands

 

No gift, estate or inheritance taxes will arise in the Netherlands with respect to an acquisition of Class A Shares and/or Warrants by way of a gift by, or on the death of, a holder of Class A Shares and/or Warrants who is neither resident nor deemed to be resident of the Netherlands, unless, in the case of a gift of Class A Shares and/or Warrants by an individual who at the date of the gift was neither resident nor deemed to be resident in the Netherlands, such individual dies within 180 days after the date of the gift, while being resident or deemed to be resident in the Netherlands.

 

Certain Special Situations

 

For purposes of Dutch gift, estate and inheritance tax, (i) a gift by a Third Party will be construed as a gift by the Settlor and (ii) upon the death of the Settlor as a rule, such Settlor’s Beneficiaries will be deemed to have inherited directly from the Settlor. Subsequently, such Beneficiaries will be deemed the settlor, grantor or similar originator of the Separated Private Assets for purposes of Dutch gift, estate and inheritance tax in the case of subsequent gifts or inheritances.

 

For the purposes of Dutch gift and inheritance tax, a gift that is made under a condition precedent is deemed to have been made at the moment such condition precedent is satisfied. If the condition precedent is fulfilled after the death of the donor, the gift is deemed to be made upon the death of the donor.

 

Value Added Tax

 

No Dutch value added tax will arise in respect of or in connection with the subscription, issue, placement, allotment or delivery of Class A Shares and/or the exercise of Warrants.

 

Other Taxes and Duties

 

No Dutch registration tax, capital tax, custom duty, transfer tax, stamp duty or any other similar documentary tax or duty, other than court fees, will be payable in the Netherlands in respect of or in connection with the subscription, issue, placement, allotment or delivery of Class A Shares and/or the exercise of Warrants.

 

Residency

 

A holder of Class A Shares and/or Warrants will not be treated as a resident, or a deemed resident, of the Netherlands for tax purposes by reason only of the acquisition, or the holding, of Class A Shares and/or Warrants or the performance by the Company under Class A Shares and/or Warrants.

 

Material German Tax Considerations

 

The following section is a description of the material German tax considerations that become relevant when acquiring, owning and/or disposing of Class A Shares and Warrants as from the date of this prospectus. It is based on the German tax law applicable as of the date of this prospectus without prejudice to any amendments introduced at a later date and implemented with or without retroactive effect.

 

This section is intended as general information only and does not purport to be a comprehensive or complete description of all potential German tax effects of the acquisition, ownership or disposal of Class A Shares or Warrants and does not set forth all German tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s decision to acquire Class A Shares or Warrants. It cannot be ruled out that the German tax authorities or courts may consider an alternative interpretation or application to be correct that differs from the one described in this section.

 

This section does not describe any German tax considerations or consequences that may be relevant to the acquisition, ownership or disposal of Class A Shares or Warrants by a shareholder (i) for whom or for a direct or indirect shareholder or beneficiary of whom the income or capital gains derived from the Class A Shares or Warrants are attributable to employment, trade or freelancing activities, the income from which is taxable in Germany, or (ii) who exchanges, or has exchanged, other German taxable assets for Class A Shares or Warrants (or vice versa) under a German tax deferral transaction of the German reorganization tax act (Umwandlungssteuergesetz). It further does not describe German tax considerations in relation to the German Minimum Taxation Act (Mindeststeuergesetz).

 

 

This section does not constitute particular German tax advice and potential purchasers of Class A Shares or Warrants are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and/or disposal of Class A Shares or Warrants in light of their particular circumstances with regard to the application of German tax law to their particular situations, in particular with respect to the procedure to be complied with to obtain a relief of withholding tax on dividends and on capital gains (Kapitalertragsteuer) and with respect to the influence of provisions of any applicable income tax treaty on the mitigation of double taxation (each a “tax treaty”), as well as any tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or other non-German jurisdiction. A shareholder or a holder of Warrants may include an individual who or an entity that does not have the legal title to the Class A Shares or Warrants, but to whom nevertheless the Class A Shares or Warrants are attributed for German tax purposes, based either on such individual or entity owning a beneficial interest in the Class A Shares or Warrants or based on specific statutory provisions.

 

All of the following is subject to change as from the date of this prospectus. Such changes could apply retroactively and could affect the consequences set forth below. This section does neither refer to any German filing, notification or other German tax compliance aspects nor to foreign account tax compliance act (“FATCA”) aspects.

 

Lilium’s Tax Residency Status

 

We have our statutory seat in the Netherlands and our sole place of management in Germany and are therefore tax resident in Germany as of the date of this prospectus (both under German domestic law and for purposes of the German-Dutch tax treaty). Thus, we qualify as a corporation subject to German unlimited liability for corporate income tax purposes and are treated as a resident of Germany under the Dutch-German tax treaty. However, because our tax residency depends on future facts regarding our place of management, the German unlimited liability for corporate income tax purposes may change in the future. We assume for all purposes herein that we shall be tax resident in Germany at all relevant points in time when taxable events may occur. For the avoidance of doubt, any tax effects in relation to the Warrants or Class A Shares (other than as regards withholding tax as addressed below) are out of the scope of this prospectus.

 

German Taxation of Holders of Class A Shares

 

Taxation of Dividends

 

Withholding Tax on Dividend Payments

 

Dividends distributed from Lilium to our shareholders are generally subject to German withholding tax, except for certain scenarios in which a dividend is either excluded from the scope of German withholding tax (for example, repayments of capital from the tax contribution account (steuerliches Einlagekonto)) or fully or partially withholding tax exempt, as further described. The withholding tax rate is 25% plus a 5.5% solidarity surcharge (Solidaritätszuschlag) thereon, totaling 26.375% of the gross dividend amount and potentially church withholding tax for shareholders who are private individuals in certain cases (see below). Withholding tax is to be withheld and passed on for the account of the shareholders, depending on the specific circumstances, by a domestic branch of a domestic or foreign credit or financial services institution (Kredit-oder Finanzdienstleistungsinstitut) or by the domestic securities institution (inländisches Wertpapierinstitut) that keeps and administers the Class A Shares and disburses or credits the dividends or disburses the dividends to a foreign agent, or by the securities custodian bank (Wertpapiersammelbank) to which the Class A Shares were entrusted for custody if the dividends are distributed to a foreign agent by such securities custodian bank (each of which is referred to as the “Dividend Paying Agent”), or, in case the Class A Shares are not held in deposit with a Dividend Paying Agent, Lilium is responsible for withholding and remitting the tax to the competent tax office. Such withholding tax is generally levied and withheld irrespective of whether and to what extent the dividend distribution is taxable at the level of the shareholder and whether the shareholder is a person residing in Germany or in a foreign country.

 

In the case of dividends distributed to a parent company within the meaning of Art. 3 para. 1 lit. a of the amended EU Directive 2011/96/EU of the Council of November 30, 2011 (the “EU Parent Subsidiary Directive”) domiciled in another member state of the European Union, withholding tax may be refunded or not levied upon application and subject to further conditions (as set out below). This also applies to dividends distributed to a permanent establishment located in another member state of the European Union of such a parent company or of a parent company tax resident in Germany if the participation in Lilium is effectively connected with and actually attributed to this permanent establishment. The key prerequisite for the application of the EU Parent Subsidiary Directive is that the shareholder has held a direct participation in the share capital of Lilium of at least 10% for an uninterrupted period of at least twelve months. Further, the foreign resident shareholder must be eligible for purposes of the EU Parent Subsidiary Directive (as set out above) to invoke the reduction, and in addition, no German anti-directive/treaty shopping provision of Section 50d paragraph 3 of the German Income Tax Act (Einkommensteuergesetz) must be applicable.

 

The withholding tax on dividends distributed to other foreign resident shareholders may be refunded or not levied upon application (as set out below) in accordance with an applicable tax treaty (to e.g., 15%, 10%, 5% or 0% depending on certain prerequisites) if Germany has concluded such tax treaty with the country of residence of the shareholder and if the shareholder does not hold the Class A Shares either as part of the assets of a permanent establishment or a fixed place of business in Germany or as business assets for which a permanent representative has been appointed in Germany. Further, the foreign resident shareholder must be eligible for tax treaty purposes, and in addition, no limitation of benefits provision in a tax treaty and no German anti-directive/treaty shopping provision of Section 50d paragraph 3 of the German Income Tax Act (Einkommensteuergesetz) must be applicable.

 

 

In the case of dividends received by corporate bodies (Körperschaften) who are not tax resident in Germany, i.e., corporate bodies with no registered office or place of management in Germany and if the shares neither belong to the assets of a permanent establishment or fixed place of business in Germany nor are part of business assets for which a permanent representative in Germany has been appointed, two-fifths of the withholding tax deducted and remitted may be refunded or not levied upon application (as set out below) without the need to fulfill all prerequisites required for such refund under the EU Parent Subsidiary Directive or under a tax treaty or if no tax treaty has been concluded between the state of residence of the shareholder, however, likewise subject to the conditions of the aforementioned German anti-directive/treaty shopping provision.

 

The application for a refund of withholding tax under the EU Parent Subsidiary Directive, a tax treaty or the aforementioned option for foreign corporate bodies is to be filed with the German Federal Central Tax Office (Bundeszentralamt für Steuern) within four years following the end of the calendar year in which the dividends were received. The application shall be made by submitting a completed form for refund (available at the website of the Federal Central Tax Office (http://www.bzst.de) as well as at the German embassies and consulates) together with a withholding tax certificate (Kapitalertragsteuerbescheinigung) issued by the institution that deducted the respective withholding tax. In this case, the refund of deducted withholding tax is procedurally granted in such a manner that the difference between the total amount withheld, including the solidarity surcharge, and the tax liability determined on the basis of the EU Parent Subsidiary Directive (0%) or on the basis of the tax rate set forth in the applicable tax treaty (15%, 10%, 5% or 0%) is refunded by the German Federal Central Tax Office.

 

If, under fulfillment of the prerequisites of the EU Parent Subsidiary Directive or a tax treaty, withholding tax is not to be levied at all, the relevant shareholder must apply to the German Federal Central Tax Office for the issuance of an exemption certificate (Freistellungsbescheinigung) that documents that the prerequisites for the application of the reduced withholding tax rates have been met. Dividends covered by the exemption certificate of the shareholder are then only subject to the reduced withholding tax rates stipulated in the exemption certificate.

 

The aforementioned refunds of (or exemptions from) withholding tax are further restricted if (i) the applicable tax treaty provides for a tax reduction resulting in an applicable tax rate of less than 15% and (ii) the shareholder is not a corporation that directly holds at least 10% in the equity capital of Lilium and is subject to tax on its income and profits in its state of residence without being exempt. In this case, the refund of (or exemption from) withholding tax is subject to the following three cumulative prerequisites: (i) the shareholder must qualify as beneficial owner of the shares in a company for a minimum holding period of 45 consecutive days occurring within a period of 45 days prior and 45 days after the due date of the dividends; (ii) the shareholder has to bear (taking into account claims of the shareholder from transactions reducing the risk of changes of the market value of the shares and corresponding claims of related parties of the shareholder) at least 70% of the change in value risk related to the shares in a company during the minimum holding period; and (iii) the shareholder must not be required to fully or largely compensate directly or indirectly the dividends to third parties.

 

In the absence of the fulfillment of all of the three prerequisites, three-fifths of the withholding tax imposed on the dividends must not be credited against the shareholder’s (corporate) income tax liability but may, upon application, be deducted from the shareholder’s tax base for the relevant assessment period. Furthermore, a shareholder that has received gross dividends without any deduction of withholding tax due to a tax exemption without qualifying for such a full tax credit has (i) to notify the competent local tax office accordingly, (ii) to declare according to the officially prescribed form and (iii) to make a payment in the amount of the omitted withholding tax deduction.

 

However, these special rules on the restriction of withholding tax credit do not apply to a shareholder whose overall dividend earnings within an assessment period do not exceed €20,000 or that has been the beneficial owner of the shares in a company for at least one uninterrupted year upon receipt of the dividends.

 

For individual or corporate shareholders tax resident outside Germany not holding the Class A Shares through a permanent establishment (Betriebsstätte) in Germany or as business assets (Betriebsvermögen) for which a permanent representative (ständiger Vertreter) has been appointed in Germany, the remaining and paid withholding tax (if any) is then final (i.e., not refundable) and settles the shareholder’s limited tax liability in Germany. For individual or corporate shareholders tax resident in Germany (for example, those shareholders whose residence, domicile, registered office or place of management is located in Germany) holding their Class A Shares as business assets, as well as for shareholders tax resident outside of Germany holding their Class A Shares through a permanent establishment in Germany or as business assets for which a permanent representative has been appointed in Germany, the withholding tax withheld (including solidarity surcharge) can be credited against the shareholder’s personal income tax or corporate income tax liability in Germany. Any withholding tax (including solidarity surcharge) in excess of such tax liability will be refunded upon receipt of the relevant tax assessment. For individual shareholders tax resident in Germany holding Class A Shares as private assets, the withholding tax is a final tax (Abgeltungsteuer), subject to the exceptions described in the following section.

 

Taxation of Dividend Income of Shareholders Tax Resident in Germany Holding Class A Shares as Private Assets

 

 

Private Individuals

 

For individual shareholders (individuals) resident in Germany holding Class A Shares as private assets, dividends are subject to a flat rate tax, which is satisfied by the withholding tax actually withheld (Abgeltungsteuer). Accordingly, dividend income will be taxed at a flat tax rate of 25% plus 5.5% solidarity surcharge thereon totaling 26.375% and church tax (Kirchensteuer) in case the shareholder is subject to church tax because of his or her personal circumstances. An automatic procedure for deduction of church tax by way of withholding will apply to shareholders being subject to church tax, unless the shareholder has filed a blocking notice (Sperrvermerk) with the German Federal Tax Office (details related to the computation of the specific tax rate, including church tax, are to be discussed with the individual tax advisor of the relevant shareholder). Except for an annual lump sum savings allowance (Sparer-Pauschbetrag) of up to €1,000 (for individual filers) or up to €2,000 (for married couples and for partners in accordance with the registered partnership law (Gesetz über die Eingetragene Lebenspartnerschaft) filing jointly), private individual shareholders will not be entitled to deduct expenses incurred in connection with the capital investment from their dividend income.

 

The income tax owed for the dividend income is satisfied by the withholding tax withheld by the Dividend Paying Agent or Lilium. However, if the flat tax results in a higher tax burden as opposed to the private individual shareholder’s personal income tax rate, the private individual shareholder can opt for taxation at his or her personal income tax rate. In that case, the final withholding tax will be credited against the income tax. The option can be exercised only for all capital income from capital investments received in the relevant assessment period uniformly, and married couples as well as partners in accordance with the registered partnership law filing jointly can only jointly exercise the option.

 

Exceptions from the flat rate tax (satisfied by withholding the tax at source, Abgeltungswirkung) may apply — that is, only upon application — (i) for shareholders who have a shareholding of at least 25% in Lilium and (ii) for shareholders who have a shareholding of at least 1% in Lilium and work for the Company in a professional capacity, each within the assessment period for which the application is first made. In such a case, the same rules apply as for sole proprietors holding Class A Shares as business assets (see below “— Taxation of Dividend Income of Shareholders Tax Resident in Germany Holding Class A Shares as Business Assets — Sole Proprietors”). Further, the flat rate tax does not apply if and to the extent dividends reduced Lilium taxable income.

 

Taxation of Dividend Income of Shareholders Tax Resident in Germany Holding Class A Shares as Business Assets

 

If a shareholder holds Class A Shares as business assets, the taxation of the dividend income depends on whether the respective shareholder is a corporation, a sole proprietor or a partnership.

 

Corporations

 

Dividend income of corporate shareholders is exempt from corporate income tax, provided that the corporation holds a direct participation of at least 10% in the share capital of a company at the beginning of the calendar year in which the dividends are paid (participation exemption). The acquisition of a participation of at least 10% in the course of a calendar year (in one instance) is deemed to have occurred at the beginning of such calendar year. Participations in the share capital of the Company that a corporate shareholder holds through a partnership, including co-entrepreneurships (Mitunternehmerschaften), are attributable to such corporate shareholder only on a pro rata basis at the ratio of the interest share of the corporate shareholder in the assets of the relevant partnership. However, 5% of the tax-exempt dividends are deemed to be non-deductible business expenses for tax purposes and therefore are effectively subject to corporate income tax (plus solidarity surcharge); i.e., tax exemption of 95%. Business expenses incurred in connection with the dividends received are entirely tax deductible. The participation exemption does not apply if and to the extent dividends reduced Lilium’s taxable income.

 

For trade tax purposes, the entire dividend income is subject to trade tax (i.e., the tax-exempt dividends must be added back when determining the trade taxable income), unless the corporate shareholder holds at least 15% of the Company’s registered share capital at the beginning of the relevant tax assessment period (Erhebungszeitraum). In such case, the dividends are not subject to trade tax. However, trade tax is levied on the amount considered to be a non-deductible business expense (amounting to 5% of the dividend). Trade tax depends on the municipal trade tax multiplier applied by the relevant municipal authority. In the case of an indirect participation via a partnership, please refer to the section “— Partnerships” below.

 

If the shareholding is below 10% in the share capital, dividends are taxable at the applicable corporate income tax rate of 15% plus 5.5% solidarity surcharge thereon and trade tax (the rate of which depends on the applicable municipality levy rate determined by the municipality in which the corporate shareholder has its place of management and permanent establishments, respectively, to which the Class A Shares are attributed).

 

Special regulations apply that abolish the 95% tax exemption, if Class A Shares are held (i) as trading portfolio (Handelsbestand) assets in the meaning of Section 340e paragraph 3 of the German Commercial Code (Handelsgesetzbuch) by a (a) credit institution (Kreditinstitut), (b) securities institution (Wertpapierinstitut) or (c) financial service institution (Finanzdienstleistungsinstitut) or (ii) as current assets (Umlaufvermögen) by a financial enterprise (Finanzunternehmen) within the meaning of the German Banking Act (Kreditwesengesetz), in case more than 50% of the shares of such financial enterprise are held directly or indirectly by a credit institution, a securities institution or a financial service institution, or (iii) by a life insurance company, a health insurance company or a pension fund in case the shares are attributable to the capital investments, resulting in fully taxable income (any shareholder falling under (i), (ii) or (iii), a “Non-Exempt Corporation”).

 

 

Sole Proprietors

 

For sole proprietors (individuals) resident in Germany holding Class A Shares as business assets, dividends are subject to the partial income rule (Teileinkünfteverfahren). Accordingly, only (i) 60% of the dividend income will be taxed at his/her personal income tax rate plus 5.5% solidarity surcharge thereon and (ii) 60% of the business expenses related to the dividend income are deductible for tax purposes. This does not apply to church tax (if applicable). In addition, the dividend income is entirely subject to trade tax if the Class A Shares are held as business assets of a permanent establishment in Germany within the meaning of the German Trade Tax Act (Gewerbesteuergesetz), unless the shareholder holds at least 15% of the Company’s registered share capital at the beginning of the relevant assessment period. In this latter case, the net amount of dividends, i.e., after deducting directly related expenses, is exempt from trade tax. The trade tax levied will be eligible for credit against the shareholder’s personal income tax liability based on the applicable municipal trade tax rate and the individual tax situation of the shareholder limited to currently up to 4.0 times the trade tax measurement amount (Gewerbesteuer-Messbetrag).

 

Partnerships

 

In case Class A Shares are held by a partnership, the partnership itself is not subject to corporate income tax or personal income tax. In this regard, corporate income tax or personal income tax (and church tax, if applicable) as well as solidarity surcharge are levied only at the level of the partner with respect to their relevant part of the partnership’s taxable income and depending on their individual circumstances:

 

·

if the partner is a corporation, the dividend income will be subject to corporate income tax plus solidarity surcharge (see above “— Corporations”);

 

·

if the partner is a sole proprietor, the dividend income will be subject to the partial income rule (see above “— Sole Proprietors”); or

 

·

if the partner is a private individual — only possible if the partnership is not a (operative or deemed) commercial partnership, the dividend income will be subject to the flat tax rate (see above “— Private Individuals”).

 

In case the partnership is a (operative or deemed) commercial partnership with its place of management in Germany, the dividend income is subject to German trade tax at the level of the partnership, unless the partnership holds at least 15% of a company’s registered share capital at the beginning of the relevant assessment period. In such case, the dividend income is 95% exempt from trade tax to the extent the partners of the partnership are corporations and 40% exempt from trade tax to the extent the partners of the partnership are sole proprietors. Any trade tax levied on the level of the partnership will be eligible for credit against an individual shareholder’s personal income tax liability based on the applicable municipal trade tax rate, depending on the individual tax situation of the shareholder and further circumstances and limited to currently 4.0 times the partial trade tax measurement amount allocable to such individual shareholder.

 

Partnerships can opt to be treated as a corporation for purposes of German income taxation. If the shareholder is a partnership that has validly exercised such option right, any dividends from shares or subscription rights are subject to corporate income tax (and, for the avoidance of doubt, trade tax).

 

Taxation of Dividend Income of Shareholders Tax Resident Outside of Germany

 

For foreign individual or corporate shareholders tax resident outside of Germany not holding the Class A Shares through a permanent establishment in Germany or as business assets for which a permanent representative has been appointed in Germany, the deducted withholding tax (possibly reduced by way of a tax relief under a tax treaty or domestic tax law, such as in connection with the EU Parent Subsidiary Directive) is final (that is, not refundable) and settles the shareholder’s limited tax liability in Germany, unless the shareholder is entitled to apply for a withholding tax refund or exemption (as set out above in“— Withholding Tax on Dividend Payments”).

 

In contrast, individual or corporate shareholders tax resident outside of Germany holding the Company’s Class A Shares through a permanent establishment in Germany or as business assets for which a permanent representative has been appointed in Germany are subject to the same rules as applicable (and described above) to shareholders resident in Germany holding the Class A Shares as business assets. The withholding tax withheld (including solidarity surcharge) will generally be credited against the shareholder’s personal income tax or corporate income tax liability in Germany if the prerequisites set out above (see“— Withholding Tax on Dividend Payments”) are fulfilled.

 

Taxation of Capital Gains

 

Withholding Tax on Capital Gains

 

Capital gains realized on the disposal of Class A Shares are only subject to withholding tax if a domestic branch of a domestic or foreign credit or financial services institution (Kredit-oder Finanzdienstleistungsinstitut) or a domestic securities institution (inländisches Wertpapierinstitut) (each of which is referred to as the “German Disbursing Agent”) stores or administrates or carries out the disposal of the Class A Shares and pays or credits the capital gains. In those cases, the institution (and not the Company) is required to deduct the withholding tax at the time of payment for the account of the shareholder and to pay the withholding tax to the competent tax authority.

 

 

In case the Class A Shares are held (i) as business assets by a sole proprietor, a partnership or a corporation and such shares are attributable to a German business or (ii) in case of a corporation being subject to unlimited corporate income tax liability in Germany, the capital gains are not subject to withholding tax. In case of the aforementioned exemption under (i), the withholding tax exemption is subject to the condition that the paying agent has been notified by the beneficiary (Gläubiger) that the capital gains are exempt from withholding tax. The respective notification has to be filed with the tax office competent for the beneficiary by using the officially prescribed form.

 

Taxation of Capital Gains Realized by Shareholders Tax Resident in Germany Holding Class A Shares as Private Assets (Private Individuals)

 

For individual shareholders (individuals) resident in Germany holding Class A Shares as private assets, capital gains realized on the disposal of Class A Shares are subject to final withholding tax (Abgeltungsteuer). Accordingly, capital gains will be taxed at a flat tax rate of 25% plus 5.5% solidarity surcharge thereon totaling 26.375% and church tax in case the shareholder is subject to church tax because of his or her personal circumstances. An automatic procedure for deduction of church tax by way of withholding will apply to shareholders being subject to church tax unless the shareholder has filed a blocking notice (Sperrvermerk) with the German Federal Central Tax Office (details related to the computation of the specific tax rate, including church tax, are to be discussed with the personal tax advisor of the relevant shareholder). The taxable capital gain is calculated by deducting the acquisition costs of the Class A Shares and the expenses directly and materially related to the disposal from the proceeds of the disposal. Apart from that, except for an annual lump sum savings allowance (Sparer-Pauschbetrag) of up to €1,000 (for individual filers) or up to €2,000 (for married couples and for partners in accordance with the registered partnership law (Gesetz über die Eingetragene Lebenspartnerschaft) filing jointly), private individual shareholders will not be entitled to deduct expenses incurred in connection with the capital investment from their capital gain.

 

In case the flat tax results in a higher tax burden as opposed to the private individual shareholder’s personal income tax rate, the private individual shareholder can opt for taxation at his or her personal income tax rate. In that case, the withholding tax (including solidarity surcharge) withheld will be credited against the income tax. The option can be exercised only for all capital income from capital investments received in the relevant assessment period uniformly and married couples as well as for partners in accordance with the registered partnership law filing jointly may only jointly exercise the option.

 

Capital losses arising from the disposal of the Class A Shares can only be offset against other capital gains resulting from the disposition of the Class A Shares or shares in other stock corporations during the same calendar year. Offsetting of overall losses with other income (such as business or rental income) and other capital income is not possible. Such losses are to be carried forward and to be offset against positive capital gains deriving from the disposal of shares in stock corporations in future years. The constitutionality of such limitation on the offsetting of losses is currently the subject of a pending procedure at the German Federal Constitutional Court.

 

The final withholding tax (Abgeltungsteuer) will not apply if the seller of the Class A Shares or in case of gratuitous transfer, its legal predecessor, has held, directly or indirectly, at least 1% of the Company’s registered share capital at any time during the five years prior to the disposal. In that case, capital gains are subject to the partial income rule (Teileinkünfteverfahren). Accordingly, only (i) 60% of the capital gains will be taxed at his or her personal income tax rate plus 5.5% solidarity surcharge thereon and church tax (if applicable) and (ii) 60% of the business expenses related to the capital gains are deductible for tax purposes. The withholding tax withheld (including solidarity surcharge) will be credited against the shareholder’s personal income tax liability in Germany.

 

Taxation of Capital Gains Realized by Shareholders Tax Resident in Germany Holding Class A Shares as Business Assets

 

If a shareholder holds Class A Shares as business assets, the taxation of capital gains realized on the disposal of such shares depends on whether the respective shareholder is a corporation, a sole proprietor or a partnership:

 

Corporations

 

Capital gains realized on the disposal of Class A Shares by a corporate shareholder are generally exempt from corporate income tax and trade tax. However, 5% of the tax-exempt capital gains are deemed to be non-deductible business expenses for tax purposes and therefore are effectively subject to corporate income tax (plus solidarity surcharge) and trade tax; i.e., tax exemption of 95%. Business expenses incurred in connection with the capital gains are entirely tax deductible.

 

Capital losses incurred upon the disposal of Class A Shares or other impairments of the share value are not tax deductible. A reduction of profit is also defined as any losses incurred in connection with a loan or security in the event the loan or the security is granted by a shareholder or by a related party thereto or by a third person with the right of recourse against the before mentioned persons and the shareholder holds directly or indirectly more than 25% of the Company’s registered share capital.

 

 

Special regulations apply, which may exclude aforementioned tax exemptions, if the Class A Shares are held by a Non-Exempt Corporation.

 

Sole Proprietors

 

If the Class A Shares are held by a sole proprietor, capital gains realized on the disposal of the Class A Shares are subject to the partial income rule (Teileinkünfteverfahren). Accordingly, only (i) 60% of the capital gains will be taxed at his or her personal income tax rate plus 5.5% solidarity surcharge thereon and church tax (if applicable) and (ii) 60% of the business expenses related to the dividend income are deductible for tax purposes. In addition, 60% of the capital gains are subject to trade tax if the Class A Shares are held as business assets of a permanent establishment in Germany within the meaning of the German Trade Tax Act (Gewerbesteuergesetz). The trade tax levied will be eligible for credit against the shareholder’s personal income tax liability based on the applicable municipal trade tax rate and the individual tax situation of the shareholder limited to currently up to 4.0 times the trade tax measurement amount.

 

Partnerships

 

In case the Class A Shares are held by a partnership, the partnership itself is not subject to corporate income tax or personal income tax as well as solidarity surcharge (and church tax) since partnerships qualify as transparent for German income tax purposes. In this regard, corporate income tax or personal income tax as well as solidarity surcharge (and church tax, if applicable) are levied only at the level of the partner with respect to their relevant part of the partnership’s taxable income and depending on their individual circumstances:

 

·

If the partner is a corporation, the capital gains will be subject to corporate income tax plus solidarity surcharge (see above “— Corporations”). Trade tax will be levied additionally at the level of the partner insofar as the relevant profit of the partnership is not subject to trade tax at the level of the partnership. However, with respect to both corporate income and trade tax, the 95%-exemption rule as described above applies. With regard to corporations as partners, special regulations apply if they are held by a Non-Exempt Corporation, as described above.

 

·

If the partner is a sole proprietor (individual), the capital gains are subject to the partial income rule (see above “— Sole Proprietors”).

 

In addition, if the partnership is liable to German trade tax, 60% of the capital gains are subject to trade tax at the level of the partnership, to the extent the partners are individuals, and 5% of the capital gains are subject to trade tax, to the extent the partners are corporations. However, if a partner is an individual, any trade tax paid on the level of the partnership will be eligible for credit against an individual partner’s personal income tax liability based on the applicable municipal trade tax rate and depending on the individual tax situation of the individual and further circumstances, limited to currently 4.0 times of the partial trade tax measurement (Gewerbesteuer-Messbetrag).

 

Partnerships can opt to be treated as a corporation for purposes of German income taxation. If the shareholder is a partnership that has validly exercised such option right, any capital gains from the disposal of shares or subscription rights are subject to corporate income tax (and, for the avoidance of doubt, trade tax).

 

Taxation of Capital Gains Realized by Shareholders Tax Resident Outside of Germany

 

Capital gains realized on the disposal of the Class A Shares by a shareholder tax resident outside of Germany are subject to German taxation provided that (i) the Class A Shares are held as business assets of a permanent establishment or as business assets for which a permanent representative has been appointed in Germany or (ii) the shareholder or, in case of a gratuitous transfer, its legal predecessor has held, directly or indirectly, at least 1% of the Company’s share capital at any time during a five years period prior to the disposal.

 

In these cases, capital gains are generally subject to the same rules as described above for shareholders resident in Germany. However, if capital gains are realized in case (ii) above by corporations tax resident outside of Germany that are not Non-Exempt Corporations, these capital gains are fully tax exempt under German tax law according to the case law of the German Federal Fiscal Court (Bundesfinanzhof). Additionally, except for the cases referred to in (i) above, most tax treaties concluded by Germany provide for a full exemption from German taxation except if the Company is considered a real estate holding entity for treaty purposes.

 

German Taxation of Holders of Warrants

 

General

 

Holders of Warrants are likely to be taxed in particular upon certain forms of the exercise, sale or disposal of Warrants (taxation of capital gains) and the gratuitous transfer of Warrants (inheritance and gift tax).

 

 

Taxation of Holders of Warrants Not Tax Resident in Germany

 

The capital gains from the disposition of the Warrants realized by a non-German tax resident holder of the Warrants would not be treated as German source income and not be subject to German income tax provided that (i) such non-German resident holder does not maintain a permanent establishment or other taxable presence in Germany that the Warrants form part of and (ii) the income does not otherwise constitute German-source income (such as income from the letting and leasing of certain German-situs property or income from certain capital investments directly or indirectly secured by German-situs real estate). If either requirement (i) or (ii) above is not met, a non-German tax resident holder will be subject to German taxation on the aforementioned capital gains corresponding to the taxation of holders of Warrants tax resident in Germany holding the Warrants as business assets, as set out below.

 

In this case, non-German resident holders of the Warrants are, in general, exempt from German withholding tax on capital gains. However, if capital gains derived from the Warrants are paid out or credited to the holder of the Warrants by a German Disbursing Agent, withholding tax may be levied under certain circumstances both in the case of business and non-business holders of Warrants. The withholding tax may be refunded based on an assessment to tax or under an applicable tax treaty, depending on the individual circumstances of the holder.

 

Taxation of Holders of Warrants Tax Resident in Germany

 

Withholding Tax on Capital Gains

 

The capital gains from the disposition (i.e., the difference between the proceeds from the disposal, redemption, repayment or assignment after deduction of expenses directly related to the disposal, redemption, repayment or assignment and the cost of acquisition) or (if applicable pursuant to the warrant agreement underlying the Warrants) a cash settlement (i.e., the cash amount received minus directly related costs and expenses, e.g. the acquisition costs) of the Warrants received by a German resident holder of Warrants holding the Warrants as private assets will be subject to German withholding tax if the Warrants are kept or administered in a custodial account with a German Disbursing Agent. The tax rate is 25% (plus a 5.5% solidarity surcharge thereon, resulting in an aggregate rate of 26.375%; plus church tax, if applicable). For individual holders who are subject to church tax, the church tax generally has to be withheld by the German Disbursing Agent based on an automatic data access procedure, unless the shareholder has filed a blocking notice (Sperrvermerk) with the Federal Central Tax Office.

 

In case the Warrants have not been kept or administered in a custodial account with the same German Disbursing Agent since the time of their acquisition, the withholding tax rate will be applied to 30% of the (disposal) proceeds (the so called “Lump Sum Substitute Basis”), unless the current German Disbursing Agent has been notified of the actual acquisition costs of the Warrants by the previous German Disbursing Agent or by a statement of a bank or financial services institution from another member state of the European Union or the European Economic Area or from certain other countries (e.g., Switzerland or Andorra).

 

In the event of delivery of Class A Shares upon exercise of the Warrants, the tax consequences are not entirely clear under German tax law. In principle, the acquisition costs of the Warrants plus any additional sum paid upon exercise should be regarded as acquisition costs of the Class A Shares received upon physical settlement. Consequently and subject to the following, no capital gain and no withholding tax may result from such exercise and delivery of Class A Shares upon exercise. Withholding tax may in this case only apply to any gain resulting later from the subsequent disposal, redemption or assignment of the Class A Shares received under certain circumstances.

 

Please note, however, that the German tax authorities have not confirmed the above treatment for the exercise of U.S. warrants, but only for the exercise of convertible bonds (Wandelschuldverschreibungen, Optionsscheine), wherefore, uncertainty remains regarding its application on the exercise of the Warrants. Therefore, there is a relevant risk that the delivery of Class A Shares upon exercise of the Warrants may constitute a taxable event and may attract withholding tax (as regards the latter, in case a German Disbursing Agent is involved as per the above). Generally, capital gains are determined as the difference between (a) the proceeds of the sale or other disposition and (b) the acquisition costs plus the expenses directly connected to the sale or other disposition. It is unclear how exactly such capital gain would have to be determined in case of delivery of Class A Shares upon exercise of the Warrants; possibly, the fair market value of the Class A Shares at the time of the exercise would be deemed relevant.

 

In computing any German tax to be withheld, the German Disbursing Agent generally deducts from the basis of the withholding tax, subject to certain limitations, negative investment income realized by a non-business holder of the Warrants via the German Disbursing Agent (e.g., losses from the sale of other securities with the exception of shares). The German Disbursing Agent also deducts accrued interest on other securities (if any) paid separately upon the acquisition of the respective security by a non-business holder of Warrants via the German Disbursing Agent. In addition, subject to certain requirements and restrictions, the German Disbursing Agent may credit foreign withholding taxes levied on investment income in a given year regarding securities held by a non-business holder of Warrants in the custodial account with the German Disbursing Agent.

 

 

Non-business holders of the Warrants are entitled to an annual saver’s allowance of €1,000 for an individual or €2,000 for a married couple or registered civil union filing taxes jointly for all investment income received in a given year. Upon the non-business holder of the Warrants filing an exemption certificate (Freistellungsauftrag) with the Disbursing Agent, the Disbursing Agent will take the allowance into account when computing the amount of tax to be withheld.

 

No withholding tax will be deducted if the holder of the Warrants has submitted to the Disbursing Agent a certificate of non-assessment (Nichtveranlagungs-Bescheinigung) issued by the competent local tax office. The deduction of expenses related to the investment income (including gains with respect to the Warrants) is generally not possible for private investors.

 

German withholding tax should not apply to gains from the disposal, redemption, repayment or assignment of Warrants held by a German tax resident corporation. The same may apply to sole proprietors or partners of partnerships, where the Warrants form part of a trade or business or are related to income from letting and leasing of property, subject to further requirements being met (compare with “— Corporations, Sole Proprietors and Partnerships” below). However, there is a risk that losses resulting from the sale, other disposition or lapse of the Warrants may be ring-fenced and only offsetable against income from forward transactions (Termingeschäfte) in both of the aforementioned cases. Please note that, for corporations, sole-proprietors or partnerships that or who are not tax resident in Germany, withholding tax may be levied, as set out above (compare with “— Taxation of Holders of Warrants Not Tax Resident in Germany”).

 

Taxation of Capital Gains

 

Individuals as the Holders of the Warrants

 

The personal income tax liability of a holder of the Warrants holding the Warrants as private assets deriving income from capital investments under the Warrants is, in principle, settled by the tax withheld (unless for example the income from Warrants qualifies as income from the letting and leasing of property). To the extent withholding tax has not been levied, such as in the case of Warrants kept in custody abroad or if no German Disbursing Agent is involved in the payment process, the non-business holder of Warrants must report his or her income and capital gains derived from the Warrants (through disposition or cash settlement, if applicable pursuant to the warrant agreement underlying the Warrants) on his or her tax return and then will also be taxed at a rate of 25% (plus solidarity surcharge of 5.5% thereon, resulting in an aggregate rate of 26.375%; and church tax, if applicable).

 

In the event of delivery of Class A Shares upon exercise of the Warrants, the tax consequences are not entirely clear under German tax law. As per the above, there is a relevant risk that the delivery of Class A Shares upon exercise of the Warrants may constitute a taxable event and may attract withholding tax (as regards the latter, in case a German Disbursing Agent is involved as per the above). Generally, capital gains are determined as the difference between (a) the proceeds of the sale or other disposition and (b) the acquisition costs plus the expenses directly connected to the sale or other disposition. It is unclear how exactly such capital gains would have to be determined in case of delivery of Class A Shares upon exercise of the Warrants; possibly, the fair market value of the Class A Shares at the time of the exercise would be deemed relevant. For more detail, cf. above under the general comments.

 

If the withholding tax has been calculated on the basis of a Lump Sum Substitute Basis, a non-business holder of the Warrants may and in case the actual gain is higher than 30% of the proceeds must also apply for an assessment on the basis of his or her actual acquisition costs. Further, a non-business holder may request that all investment income of a given year is taxed at his or her lower individual tax rate based upon an assessment to tax with any amounts over withheld being refunded. In each case, the deduction of expenses (other than transaction costs) on an itemized basis is not permitted.

 

With regard to non-business holders of Warrants, there is a relevant risk that such losses may only be applied against profits from income from capital investments derived in the same or, subject to certain limitations, in subsequent years. For assessment periods beginning after December 31, 2020, such losses incurred by non-business holders of the Warrants may only be applied against income from other forward/future or option transactions derived in the same or, subject to certain limitations, in subsequent years and the deductibility of such losses is limited to €20.000 per year.

 

In addition, losses of non-business holders arising from a bad debt loss (Forderungsausfall),a waiver of a receivable (Forderungsverzicht) or a transfer of an impaired receivable to a third party or from any other default can only be offset against other income from capital investments and only up to an amount of €20,000 per year. The same rules may apply if the Warrants expire worthless or lapse.

 

Corporations, Sole Proprietors and Partnerships

 

Where Warrants form part of a trade or business, the withholding tax, if any, will not settle the personal or corporate income tax liability. The respective holder of Warrants (or the partner of the partnership holding the Warrants) will have to report income and related (business) expenses resulting from the disposition or (if applicable) cash settlement of the Warrants or, potentially, from a delivery of Class A Shares on the tax return and the balance will be taxed at the holder’s (or the partner of the partnership holding the Warrants) applicable tax rate. Withholding tax levied, if any, will be credited against the personal or corporate income tax of the holder (or the partner of the partnership holding the Warrants). Capital gains resulting from a disposal, redemption, repayment, assignment, cash settlement (if applicable) or, potentially, from a delivery of Class A Shares upon exercise of the Warrants may also be subject to German trade tax, if the Warrants form part of a German trade or business. A corporate income tax or trade tax exemption should, in this case, not be applicable.

 

 

With regard to business holders of Warrants, there is a risk that losses resulting from the sale, other disposition or lapse of the Warrants may generally only be applied against profits from other forward/future or option transactions derived in the same or, subject to certain restrictions, the previous year. Otherwise these losses can be carried forward indefinitely and, within certain limitations, applied against profits from forward/future or option transactions in subsequent years. Further special rules apply to credit institutions, financial services institutions and finance companies within the meaning of the German Banking Act.

 

In the case of physical settlement of the Warrants, please see the above sections on disposal of Class A Shares for German taxation of the disposal or other transaction involving a resulting Class A Share.

 

Solidarity Surcharge

 

The solidarity surcharge has been partially abolished or reduced as of the assessment period 2021 for certain German taxpayers. The solidarity surcharge continues, however, to apply for corporate income tax and capital investment income and, thus, on withholding taxes levied. In case the individual income tax burden for an individual holder is lower than 25%, the holder can apply for his or her capital investment income being assessed at his or her individual tariff-based income tax rate in which case solidarity surcharge would be refunded.

 

Inheritance and Gift Tax

 

The transfer of Class A Shares or Warrants to another person by way of succession or donation is subject to German inheritance and gift tax (Erbschaft-und Schenkungsteuer) if at the time of transfer:

 

(i)

the decedent, the donor, the heir, the donee or any other beneficiary has his /her /its residence, domicile, registered office or place of management in Germany, or is a German citizen who has not stayed abroad for more than five consecutive years without having a residence in Germany; or

 

(ii)

(irrespective of the personal circumstances) the Class A Shares or Warrants are held by the decedent or donor as business assets for which a permanent establishment in Germany is maintained or a permanent representative is appointed in Germany; or

 

(iii)

(irrespective of the personal circumstances) at least 10% of the registered share capital of Lilium is held directly or indirectly by the decedent or person making the gift, himself or together with a related party in terms of Section 1(2) German Foreign Tax Act (Außensteuergesetz).

 

Special regulations apply to German citizens who maintain neither a residence nor their domicile in Germany but maintain a residence or domicile in a low tax jurisdiction and to former German citizens, also resulting in inheritance and gift tax. The few tax treaties on inheritance and gift tax that Germany has entered into may limit the German right to inheritance and gift tax to the case described under (i) above and, with certain restrictions, in case of (ii).

 

Value Added Tax (VAT)

 

No German value added tax (Umsatzsteuer) will arise in respect of any acquisition, ownership and/or disposal of the Class A Shares or Warrants unless in certain cases where a waiver of an applicable VAT exemption occurs. Any such waiver would require a supply of shares from one person taxable for VAT purposes to the enterprise of another VAT taxable person.

 

Transfer Taxes

 

No German capital transfer tax (Kapitalverkehrsteuer) or stamp duty (Stempelgebühr) or similar taxes are levied when acquiring, owning or disposing the Class A Shares or Warrants. Net wealth tax (Vermögensteuer) is currently not levied in Germany. German real estate transfer tax (Grunderwerbsteuer) may only be attracted by the acquisition (including by way of exercise of Warrants) or sale of Class A Shares or certain comparable transactions under very specific circumstances if Lilium, or a subsidiary entity to Lilium, own German situs real estate at such time, with “ownership” and “real estate” both having an extended meaning under the German Real Estate Transfer Tax Act (Grunderwerbsteuergesetz).

 

The European Commission has published a proposal for a directive for a common financial transactions tax (“FTT”) in certain participating member states of the European Union, including Germany. The proposed FTT has a very broad scope and could, if introduced in the form of the proposal, apply to certain dealings in the Class A Shares (including secondary market transactions) in certain circumstances. However, the proposed FTT remains subject to negotiations between the participating member states, and it is currently unclear in what form and when an FTT would be implemented, if at all. Prospective holders of the Class A Shares are advised to monitor future developments closely and to seek their own professional advice in relation to the FTT.

 

 

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

 

We are registering the issuance by us of up to 24,507,947 Class A Shares issuable upon the exercise of the Warrants.

 

We are also registering the possible resale from time to time by the selling securityholders of, as applicable, (a) up to 49,015,894 Class A Shares (including 24,507,947 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants) and (b) Warrants to purchase 24,507,947 Class A Shares. We are also registering any additional securities that may become issuable by reason of share splits, share dividends or other similar transactions. All of the Class A Shares and Warrants offered by the selling securityholders pursuant to this prospectus will be sold by the respective selling securityholder for its account. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the Class A Shares (including the Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants) or the Warrants by the selling securityholders or the issuance of Class A Shares by us pursuant to this prospectus, except with respect to amounts received by us upon exercise of the Warrants. See “Use of Proceeds.”

 

The selling securityholders will pay any underwriting discounts and commissions and expenses incurred by the selling securityholders for brokerage, accounting, tax or legal services or any other expenses incurred by the selling securityholders in disposing of the securities. We will bear all other costs, fees and expenses incurred in effecting the registration of the securities covered by this prospectus, including, without limitation, all registration and filing fees, Nasdaq listing fees and fees and expenses of our counsel and our independent registered public accountants.

 

The securities beneficially owned by the selling securityholders covered by this prospectus may be offered and sold from time to time by the selling securityholders. The term “selling securityholders” includes donees, pledgees, transferees or other successors in interest selling securities received after the date of this prospectus from a selling securityholder as a gift, pledge, partnership distribution or other transfer. The selling securityholders will act independently of us in making decisions with respect to the timing, manner and size of each sale. Such sales may be made on one or more exchanges or in the over-the-counter market or otherwise, at prices and under terms then prevailing or at prices related to our then current market price or in negotiated transactions. The selling securityholders reserve the right to accept and, together with their respective agents, to reject, any proposed purchase of securities to be made directly or through agents. The selling securityholders and any of their permitted transferees may sell their securities offered by this prospectus on any stock exchange, market or trading facility on which the securities are traded or in private transactions. If underwriters are used in the sale, such underwriters will acquire the shares for their own account. These sales may be at a fixed price or varying prices, which may be changed, or at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices relating to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. The securities may be offered to the public through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or by underwriters without a syndicate. The obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to certain conditions. The underwriters will be obligated to purchase all the securities offered if any of the securities are purchased.

 

Subject to the limitations set forth in the Securities Purchase Agreements between the Company and the selling securityholders, the selling securityholders may use any one or more of the following methods when selling the securities offered by this prospectus:

 

·

purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by such broker-dealer for its own account pursuant to this prospectus;

 

·

ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker solicits purchasers;

 

·

block trades in which the broker-dealer so engaged will attempt to sell the securities as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction;

 

·

an over-the-counter distribution in accordance with the rules of Nasdaq;

 

·

through trading plans entered into by a selling securityholder pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act that are in place at the time of an offering pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement hereto that provide for periodic sales of their securities on the basis of parameters described in such trading plans;

 

·

short sales;

 

·

distribution to employees, members, limited partners or stockholders of a selling securityholder;

 

·

through the writing or settlement of options or other hedging transaction, whether through an options exchange or otherwise;

 

·

by pledge to secured debt and other obligations;

 

·

delayed delivery arrangement;

 

 

·

to or through underwriters or broker-dealers;

 

·

in “at the market” offerings, as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act, at negotiated prices;

 

·

at prices prevailing at the time of sale or at prices related to such prevailing market prices, including sales made directly on a national securities exchange or sales made through a market maker other than on an exchange or other similar offerings through sales agents;

 

·

directly to purchasers, including through a specific bidding, auction or other process or in privately negotiated transactions;

 

·

in options transactions;

 

·

through a combination of any of the above methods of sale; or

 

·

any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law.

 

In addition, the selling securityholders may elect to make a pro rata in-kind distribution of securities to their respective members, partners or shareholders pursuant to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part by delivering a prospectus or prospectus supplement with a plan of distribution. Such members, partners or shareholders would thereby receive freely tradeable securities pursuant to the distribution through a registration statement. To the extent a distributee is an affiliate of ours (or to the extent otherwise required by law), we may file a prospectus supplement in order to permit the distributees to use the prospectus to resell the securities acquired in the distribution.

 

There can be no assurance that the selling securityholders will sell all or any of the securities offered by this prospectus. In addition, the selling securityholders may also sell securities under Rule 144 under the Securities Act, if available, or in other transactions exempt from registration, rather than under this prospectus. The selling securityholders have the sole and absolute discretion not to accept any purchase offer or make any sale of securities if it deems the purchase price to be unsatisfactory at any particular time.

 

The selling securityholders also may transfer the securities in other circumstances, in which case the transferees, pledgees or other successors-in-interest will be the selling beneficial owners for purposes of this prospectus. Upon being notified by a selling securityholder that a donee, pledgee, transferee or other successor-in-interest intends to sell our securities, we will, to the extent required, promptly file a supplement to this prospectus to name specifically such person as a selling securityholder.

 

With respect to a particular offering of the securities held by a selling securityholder, to the extent required, an accompanying prospectus supplement or, if appropriate, a post-effective amendment to the registration statement of which this prospectus is part, will be prepared and will set forth the following information:

 

·

the specific securities to be offered and sold;

 

·

the name of the applicable selling securityholder;

 

·

the respective purchase prices and public offering prices, the proceeds to be received from the sale, if any, and other material terms of the offering;

 

·

settlement of short sales entered into after the date of this prospectus;

 

·

the names of any participating agents, broker-dealers or underwriters; and

 

·

any applicable commissions, discounts, concessions and other items constituting compensation from the applicable selling securityholder.

 

In connection with distributions of the securities or otherwise, the selling securityholders may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions. In connection with such transactions, broker-dealers or other financial institutions may engage in short sales of the securities in the course of hedging the positions they assume with the selling securityholders. The selling securityholders may also sell the securities short and redeliver the securities to close out such short positions. The selling securityholders may also enter into option or other transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions that require the delivery to such broker-dealer or other financial institution of securities offered by this prospectus, which securities such broker-dealer or other financial institution may resell pursuant to this prospectus (as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction). The selling securityholders may also pledge securities to a broker-dealer or other financial institution, and, upon a default, such broker-dealer or other financial institution may effect sales of the pledged securities pursuant to this prospectus (as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction).

 

 

In order to facilitate the offering of the securities, any underwriters or agents, as the case may be, involved in the offering of such securities may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of our securities. Specifically, the underwriters or agents, as the case may be, may overallot in connection with the offering, creating a short position in our securities for their own account. In addition, to cover overallotments or to stabilize the price of our securities, the underwriters or agents, as the case may be, may bid for, and purchase, such securities in the open market. Finally, in any offering of securities through a syndicate of underwriters, the underwriting syndicate may reclaim selling concessions allotted to an underwriter or a broker-dealer for distributing such securities in the offering if the syndicate repurchases previously distributed securities in transactions to cover syndicate short positions, in stabilization transactions or otherwise. Any of these activities may stabilize or maintain the market price of the securities above independent market levels. The underwriters or agents, as the case may be, are not required to engage in these activities, and may end any of these activities at any time.

 

The selling securityholders may solicit offers to purchase the securities directly from, and it may sell such securities directly to, institutional investors or others. In this case, no underwriters or agents would be involved. The terms of any of those sales, including the terms of any bidding or auction process, if utilized, will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

 

It is possible that one or more underwriters may make a market in our securities, but such underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We cannot give any assurance as to the liquidity of the trading market for our securities.

 

The selling securityholders may authorize underwriters, broker-dealers or agents to solicit offers by certain purchasers to purchase the securities at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. The contracts will be subject only to those conditions set forth in the prospectus supplement, and the prospectus supplement will set forth any commissions we or the selling securityholders pay for solicitation of these contracts.

 

The selling securityholders may enter into derivative transactions with third parties or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. If the applicable prospectus supplement indicates, in connection with those derivatives, the third parties may sell securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including in short sale transactions. If so, the third party may use securities pledged by any selling securityholder or borrowed from any selling securityholder or others to settle those sales or to close out any related open borrowings of stock and may use securities received from the selling securityholder in settlement of those derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of stock. The third party in such sale transactions will be an underwriter and will be identified in the applicable prospectus supplement (or a post-effective amendment). In addition, the selling securityholders may otherwise loan or pledge securities to a financial institution or other third party that in turn may sell the securities short using this prospectus. Such financial institution or other third party may transfer its economic short position to investors in our securities or in connection with a concurrent offering of other securities.

 

In effecting sales, broker-dealers or agents engaged by the selling securityholders may arrange for other broker-dealers to participate. Broker-dealers or agents may receive commissions, discounts or concessions from the selling securityholders in amounts to be negotiated immediately prior to the sale.

 

To our knowledge, there are currently no plans, arrangements or understandings between any selling securityholder and any broker-dealer or agent regarding the sale of the securities by a selling securityholder. Upon our notification by the selling securityholders that any material arrangement has been entered into with an underwriter or broker-dealer for the sale of securities through a block trade, special offering, exchange distribution, secondary distribution or a purchase by an underwriter or broker-dealer, we will file, if required by applicable law or regulation, a supplement to this prospectus pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act disclosing certain material information relating to such underwriter or broker-dealer and such offering.

 

In compliance with the guidelines of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), the aggregate maximum discount, commission, fees or other items constituting underwriting compensation to be received by any FINRA member or independent broker-dealer will not exceed 8% of the gross proceeds of any offering pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement.

 

If at the time of any offering made under this prospectus a member of FINRA participating in the offering has a “conflict of interest” as defined in FINRA Rule 5121 (“Rule 5121”), that offering will be conducted in accordance with the relevant provisions of Rule 5121.

 

Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreements, we have agreed to indemnify the applicable selling securityholder against certain liabilities, including certain liabilities under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or other federal or state law.

 

We have agreed pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreements to use commercially reasonable efforts to keep the registration statement of which this prospectus constitutes a part effective with respect to the applicable selling securityholder until the earlier of the following: (i) such selling securityholder ceases to hold any securities covered by this prospectus and (ii) the date all securities covered by this prospectus held by such selling securityholder may be sold without restriction under Rule 144, including without limitation, any volume and manner of sale restrictions that may be applicable to affiliates under Rule 144 and without the requirement for us to be in compliance with the current public information required under Rule 144(c)(1) (or Rule 144(i)(2), if applicable).

 

 

EXPENSES RELATED TO THE OFFERING

 

Set forth below is an itemization of the total expenses that are expected to be incurred by us in connection with the securities being registered hereby and the offer and sale of the Class A Shares (including the Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants) and the Warrants by the selling securityholders. With the exception of the SEC registration fee, all amounts are estimates.

 

		Amount
SEC registration fee		$	8,537.01
Legal fees and expenses			*
Accounting fees and expenses			*
Miscellaneous expenses			*
Total		$	*

 

*

These fees are calculated based on the securities offered and the number of issuances and accordingly cannot be defined at this time.

 

LEGAL MATTERS

 

The validity of the Class A Shares (including the Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants) and the Warrants being offered by this prospectus has been passed upon for us by Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP.

 

EXPERTS

 

The financial statements incorporated in this prospectus by reference to the Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2023 have been so incorporated in reliance on the report (which contains an explanatory paragraph relating to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern as described in Note 2 to the financial statements) of PricewaterhouseCoopers GmbH Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

 

PricewaterhouseCoopers GmbH Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft is a member of the Chamber of Public Accountants (Wirtschaftsprüferkammer), Berlin, Germany. The current address of PricewaterhouseCoopers GmbH Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft is Bernhard-Wicki-Straße 8, 80636 Munich, Germany.

 

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

 

We have filed with the SEC a registration statement (including exhibits to the registration statement) on Form F-3 under the Securities Act. This prospectus, which is part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules to the registration statement. For further information, we refer you to the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules filed as part of the registration statement. If a document has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, we refer you to the copy of the document that has been filed. Each statement in this prospectus relating to a document filed as an exhibit is qualified in all respects by the filed exhibit. We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act that are applicable to foreign private issuers. Accordingly, we are required to file or furnish reports and other information with the SEC, including annual reports on Form 20-F and reports on Form 6-K. The SEC maintains an Internet website that contains reports and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. Our filings with the SEC are available to the public through the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt under the Exchange Act from, among other things, the rules prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our executive officers, directors and principal and selling shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we will not be required under the Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act. We maintain a corporate website at www.lilium.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of this prospectus. We have included our website address in this prospectus solely for informational purposes.

 

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” the information we file with or furnish to them. This means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. Each document incorporated by reference is current only as of the date of such document, and the incorporation by reference of such documents shall not create any implication that there has been no change in our affairs since the date thereof or that the information contained therein is current as of any time subsequent to its date. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be a part of this prospectus and should be read with the same care. When we update the information contained in documents that have been incorporated by reference by making future filings with the SEC, the information incorporated by reference in this prospectus is considered to be automatically updated and superseded. In other words, in the case of a conflict or inconsistency between information contained in this prospectus and information incorporated by reference into this prospectus, you should rely on the information contained in the document that was filed later.

 

We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any documents filed with the SEC in the future under Sections 13(a), 13(c) and 15(d) of the Exchange Act until the offerings made under this prospectus are completed:

 

·

our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on March 15, 2024;

 

·

any future filings on Form 20-F made with the SEC under the Exchange Act after the date of this prospectus supplement and prior to the termination of the offering of the securities offered by this prospectus supplement;

 

·

the description of the securities contained in our registration statement on Form 8-A filed on August 11, 2021 pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act, together with all amendments and reports filed for the purpose of updating that description;

 

·

our Reports on Form 6-K, furnished to the SEC on January 5, 2024, February 21, 2024 (except for the press release attached as Exhibit 99.1 thereto), February 23, 2024 (except for the press release attached as Exhibit 99.1 thereto), February 27, 2024 (except for the press release attached as Exhibit 99.1 thereto), March 25, 2024, May 3, 2024, May 16, 2024, May 29, 2024, as amended (except for the press release attached as Exhibit 99.1 thereto), May 31, 2024 (except for Exhibit 99.1 attached thereto) and June 11, 2024;

 

·

the first paragraphs of the Explanatory Notes of our Reports on Form 6-K, furnished to the SEC on May 6, 2024 and May 15, 2024;

 

·

the first and second paragraphs of the Explanatory Note of our Report on Form 6-K, furnished to the SEC on May 13, 2024;

 

·

the first and second paragraphs under the sub-heading “Launch of Capital Raise” of our Report on Form 6-K, furnished to the SEC on May 23, 2024;

 

·

the first three paragraphs of the Explanatory Note of our Report on Form 6-K and Exhibit 99.1 attached thereto, furnished to the SEC on May 24, 2024; and

 

·

any future reports on Form 6-K that we furnish to the SEC after the date of this prospectus that are, or selected portions of which are, identified in such reports as being incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

 

We will provide without charge to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom this prospectus is delivered, upon his or her written or oral request, a copy of any or all documents referred to above that have been or may be incorporated by reference into this prospectus other than exhibits that are not specifically incorporated by reference into those documents. You can request those documents from:

 

Roger Franks
c/o Lilium Aviation Inc.
2385 N.W. Executive Center Drive, Suite 300
Boca Raton, Florida 33431
Telephone: 561-526-8460

 

We have not authorized and the selling securityholders have not authorized any other person to provide you with any information other than the information contained in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein. We do not and the selling securityholders do not take responsibility for, or provide any assurance as to the reliability of, any different or additional information. We are not and the selling securityholders are not making an offer to sell any securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume the information appearing in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein are accurate only as of their respective dates. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

 

 

PART II

 

Information Not Required in Prospectus

 

Item 8. Indemnification of Directors and Officers

 

Under Dutch law, directors of a Dutch public company may be held jointly and severally liable to the Company for damages in the event of improper or negligent performance of their duties. They may be held liable for damages to the Company and to third parties for infringement of certain provisions of Dutch law or the articles of association. In addition, directors may be held liable to third parties for any actions that may give rise to a tort. This applies equally to our non-executive directors and executive directors. In certain circumstances, they may also incur other specific civil and criminal liabilities.

 

Pursuant to our articles of association and unless Dutch law provides otherwise, the Company shall indemnify and hold harmless each executive director and non-executive director, both former directors and directors currently in office, each person who is or was serving as an officer, each person who is or was serving as a proxy holder and each person who is or was a member of the board or supervisory board or officer of other companies or corporations, partnerships, joint ventures, trusts or other enterprises by virtue of their functional responsibilities with the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (each of them, an “Indemnified Person”) against any and all liabilities, claims, judgments, fines and penalties (the “Claims”) incurred by the Indemnified Person as a result of any threatened, pending or completed action, investigation or other proceeding, whether civil, criminal or administrative (each, a “Legal Action”), brought by any party other than the Company itself or any subsidiaries within the meaning of Section 2:24a of the Dutch Civil Code (“Subsidiaries”), in relation to acts or omissions in or related to their capacity as an Indemnified Person.

 

Claims will include derivative actions brought on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiaries against the Indemnified Person and Claims by the Company (or any Subsidiaries) itself for reimbursement for Claims by third parties on the ground that the Indemnified Person was jointly liable toward that third party in addition to the Company.

 

The Indemnified Person will not be indemnified with respect to Claims insofar as they relate to the gaining in fact of personal profits, advantages or compensation to which the Indemnified Person was not legally entitled or if the Indemnified Person shall have been adjudged to be liable for willful misconduct (opzet) or intentional recklessness (bewuste roekeloosheid).

 

Any expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and litigation costs) (collectively, “Expenses”) incurred by the Indemnified Person in connection with any Legal Action shall be settled or reimbursed by the Company but only upon receipt of a written undertaking by that Indemnified Person that they shall repay such Expenses if a competent court in an irrevocable judgment has determined that they are not entitled to be indemnified. Expenses shall be deemed to include any tax liability that the Indemnified Person may be subject to as a result of their indemnification.

 

In the case of a Legal Action against the Indemnified Person by the Company itself or any Subsidiary(s), the Company will settle or reimburse to the Indemnified Person their reasonable attorneys’ fees and litigation costs but only upon receipt of a written undertaking by that Indemnified Person that they shall repay such fees and costs if a competent court in an irrevocable judgment has resolved the Legal Action in favor of the Company or the relevant Subsidiary(s) rather than the Indemnified Person.

 

Expenses incurred by the Indemnified Person in connection with any Legal Action will also be settled or reimbursed by the Company in advance of the final disposition of such action but only upon receipt of a written undertaking by that Indemnified Person that they shall repay such Expenses if a competent court in an irrevocable judgment has determined that they are not entitled to be indemnified. Such Expenses incurred by Indemnified Persons may be so advanced upon such terms and conditions as the Board decides.

 

We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is theretofore unenforceable.

 

 

Item 9. Exhibits

 

The following exhibits are included or incorporated by reference in this registration statement on Form F-3:

 

Exhibit Index

 

Exhibit  No.		Description
2.1		Business Combination Agreement, dated as of March 30, 2021, by and among Qell Acquisition Corp., Lilium GmbH, Lilium B.V. and Queen Cayman Merger LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registration Statement on Form F-4 (Reg. No. 333-255800), filed with the SEC on May 5, 2021).
2.2		Amendment No. 1, dated as of July 14, 2021, to Business Combination Agreement, by and among Qell Acquisition Corp., Lilium GmbH, Lilium B.V. and Queen Cayman Merger LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Registration Statement on Form F-4 (Reg. No. 333-255800), filed with the SEC on July 14, 2021).
2.3		Plan of Merger (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.3 to the Registration Statement on Form F-4 (Reg. No. 333-255800), filed with the SEC on May 5, 2021).
3.1		English Translation of Amended Articles of Association of Lilium N.V. (Unofficial Translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.7 to the Report on Form 6-K furnished to the SEC on August 8, 2023).
4.1		Form of PIPE Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Report on Form 6-K furnished to the SEC on May 29, 2024).
5.1*		Opinion of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP.
5.2*		Opinion of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer US LLP.
8.1*		Opinion of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer US LLP regarding certain U.S. tax matters.
8.2*		Opinion of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP regarding certain Dutch tax matters.
8.3*		Opinion of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP regarding certain German tax matters.
10.1		Form of PIPE Securities Purchase Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Report on Form 6-K furnished to the SEC on May 29, 2024).
10.2*		Warrant Agreement by and between the Company and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent, dated as of May 31, 2024.
23.1*		Consent of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1 to this Registration Statement).
23.2*		Consent of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer US LLP (included in Exhibit 5.2 to this Registration Statement).
23.3*		Consent of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer US LLP (included in Exhibit 8.1 of this Registration Statement).
23.4*		Consent of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP (included in Exhibit 8.2 to this Registration Statement).
23.5*		Consent of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP (included in Exhibit 8.3 to this Registration Statement).
23.6*		Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers GmbH Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft.
24.1*		Power of Attorney (included on the signature page of this Registration Statement).
107*		Filing Fee Table.

 

* Filed herewith.

 

All schedules have been omitted because they are not required, are not applicable or the information is otherwise set forth in the financial statements or notes thereto.

 

 

Item 10. Undertakings

 

(a) The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:

 

(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

 

(i) to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;

 

(ii) to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and

 

(iii) to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;

 

provided, however, that paragraphs (i), (ii) and (iii) do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the Registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.

 

(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

 

(4) To file a post-effective amendment to the registration statement to include any financial statements required by Item 8.A of Form 20-F at the start of any delayed offering or throughout a continuous offering. Financial statements and information otherwise required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act need not be furnished, provided that the Registrant includes in the prospectus, by means of a post-effective amendment, financial statements required pursuant to this paragraph (a)(4) and other information necessary to ensure that all other information in the prospectus is at least as current as the date of those financial statements. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a post-effective amendment need not be filed to include financial statements and information required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act or Item 8.A of Form 20-F if such financial statements and information are contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the Registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement.

 

(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser:

 

(i) Each prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and

 

(ii) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5) or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii) or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.

 

 

(b) The undersigned Registrant undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the Registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

(c) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question of whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

 

(d) The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that (1) for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b) (1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective, and (2) for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Gauting, Germany on the 14^th day of June, 2024.

 

	LILIUM N.V.
	By:	/s/ Klaus Roewe
		Name:	Klaus Roewe
		Title:	Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director

 

Power of Attorney

 

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below does hereby constitute and appoint Klaus Roewe, Johan Malmqvist, Daniel Wiegand and Roger Franks, and each of them singly, as his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, each with full power of substitution and re-substitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement, and any subsequent registration statement filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and to file or cause to be filed the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the SEC, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or their or his or her substitutes or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature		Capacity		Date
/s/ Klaus Roewe		Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director		June 14, 2024
Klaus Roewe		(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Johan Malmqvist		Chief Financial Officer		June 14, 2024
Johan Malmqvist		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
/s/ Henri Courpron		Non-executive Director		June 14, 2024
Henri Courpron
/s/ Dr. Thomas Enders		Non-executive Director		June 14, 2024
Dr. Thomas Enders
/s/ Barry Engle		Non-executive Director		June 14, 2024
Barry Engle
/s/ David Neeleman		Non-executive Director		June 14, 2024
David Neeleman
/s/ Margaret M. Smyth		Non-executive Director		June 14, 2024
Margaret M. Smyth

 

/s/ Gabrielle Toledano		Non-executive Director		June 14, 2024
Gabrielle Toledano
/s/ David Wallerstein		Non-executive Director		June 14, 2024
David Wallerstein
/s/ Daniel Wiegand		Executive Director		June 14, 2024
Daniel Wiegand
/s/ Niklas Zennström		Non-executive Director		June 14, 2024
Niklas Zennström

 

 

AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized undersigned representative in the United States of Lilium N.V., has signed this registration statement on the 14^th day of June, 2024.

 

	LILIUM N.V.
	By:	/s/ Roger Franks
		Name:	Roger Franks
		Title:	Chief Legal Officer

 

 

 

Exhibit 5.1

 

Lilium N.V. Galileostraße 335 82131 Gauting Germany

Amsterdam Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer llp Strawinskylaan 10 1077 XZ Amsterdam Postbus 75299 1070 AG Amsterdam T       +31 20 485 7000          +31 20 485 7633 (Direct) F       +31 20 517 7633 E dirkjan.smit@freshfields.com www.freshfields.com   Doc ID US-LEGAL-12215218/2   Our Ref DJS/MM CLIENT MATTER NO. 176386:0001

 

14 June 2024

 

Dear Sirs, Madams,

 

Lilium N.V.

 

Introduction

 

1.

We have acted as Dutch law legal advisers to Lilium N.V. (the Company) with respect to certain matters of Netherlands law in connection with, inter alia, the issuance and sale by the Company of up to (i) 24,507,947 class A ordinary shares in the capital of the Company, having a nominal value of € 0.01 per share (the Investor Shares) and (ii) warrants to purchase up to 24,507,947 class A ordinary shares in the capital of the Company, having a nominal value of € 0.01 each (or such other nominal value as may be applicable) (the Warrants and as exercised, the Warrant Shares, and the Warrant Shares together with the Investor Shares also referred to as the New Securities), on such terms as set out in exhibit B of the Securities Purchase Agreements (as defined below) (the Warrant Form) to each investor as identified on the signature pages of the Securities Purchase Agreements, on the terms and conditions set out in the securities purchase agreements dated May 23, 2024 (the Securities Purchase Agreements) by and among the Company and the investors party thereto (the Transaction). The class A ordinary shares with nominal value of € 0.01 each in the capital of the Company shall hereinafter be defined as the Ordinary Shares. This opinion letter is delivered to you upon your request.

 

Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England and Wales with registered number OC334789. It is authorised and regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority. Dutch Chambers of Commerce registration number 34368197. For regulatory information please refer to www.freshfields.com/support/legalnotice.

 

A list of the members (and of the non-members who are designated as partners) of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP and their qualifications is available for inspection at its registered office, 65 Fleet Street, London EC4Y 1HS or at the above address. Any reference to a partner means a member, or a consultant or employee with equivalent standing and qualifications, of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP or any of its affiliated firms or entities. Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP’s Amsterdam office includes attorneys, civil law notaries, tax advisers and solicitors.

 

Bank account:
Stg Beh Derdengld Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP, ABN AMRO Bank N.V., IBAN: NL14ABNA0256049947, BIC: ABNANL2A

 

Abu Dhabi Amsterdam Bahrain Beijing Berlin Brussels Cologne Dubai Düsseldorf Frankfurt am Main Hamburg Hanoi Ho Chi Minh City Hong Kong London Madrid Milan Munich New York Paris Rome Shanghai Silicon Valley Singapore Tokyo Vienna Washington

 

 

Words and expressions defined in paragraph 2 below shall, unless the context otherwise requires, bear the same respective meaning when used in this opinion.

 

Documents reviewed

 

2.	In connection with the Transaction, we have examined the following documents:

 

(a)	the registration statement on Form F-3 under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the Commission) on 14 June 2024 (the Registration Statement);

 

(b)

an electronic copy of an extract from the commercial register of the Dutch Chamber of Commerce (the Commercial Register) dated 14 June 2024 relating to the Company, and confirmed upon our request by the Commercial Register by telephone to be correct in all material respects on the date hereof (the Extract);

 

(c)	a scanned copy of the deed of incorporation of the Company (at the time named Qell DutchCo B.V.) dated 11 March 2021 (the Deed of Incorporation);

 

(d)	a scanned copy of the deed of partial amendment of the articles of association of the Company (akte van partiële statutenwijziging) dated 8 April 2021, pursuant to which amendment the name of the Company was changed into Lilium B.V.;

 

(e)

a scanned copy of a deed of conversion and amendment (akte van omzetting en statutenwijziging) dated 10 September 2021 relating to the conversion of the legal form of the Company from a company with limited liability (besloten vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid) into a public company (naamloze vennootschap) and amendment of the articles of association (statuten) of the Company;

 

(f)	a scanned copy of the deed of partial amendment of the articles of association of the Company (akte van partiële statutenwijziging) dated 1 August 2023 (the Deed of Amendment);

 

(g)	a scanned copy of a certified copy of the full text of the articles of association of the Company as they read as per the Deed of Amendment, which, according to the Extract, are the Company’s articles of association currently in force and effect (the Articles of Association);

 

(h)	a copy of the shareholders’ register of the Company;

 

(i)	scanned copies of the:

 

(i)

minutes of the general meeting of the Company (the General Meeting) dated 7 July 2023 relating to, inter alia, the designation of the board of directors of the Company (the Board) (a) to issue (or to grant rights to subscribe for) class A ordinary shares in the capital of the Company up to a maximum of 10% of the outstanding capital at the date of the General Meeting for a period of 36 months from the General Meeting and (b) to limit or exclude the statutory pre-emptive rights with regard to such issuances of (or rights to subscribe for) class A ordinary shares in the capital of the Company pursuant to the delegation referred to above under (a);

 

 

(ii)

minutes of the General Meeting dated 11 September 2023 relating to, inter alia, the designation of the Board (a) to issue (or to grant rights to subscribe for) class A ordinary shares in the capital of the Company up to a maximum of 10% of the outstanding capital at the date of the General Meeting for a period of 36 months from the General Meeting and (b) to limit or exclude the statutory pre-emptive rights with regard to such issuances of (or rights to subscribe for) class A ordinary shares in the capital of the Company pursuant to the delegation referred to above under (a);

 

(iii)

minutes of the General Meeting dated 30 May 2024 relating to, inter alia, the designation of the Board (a) to issue (or to grant rights to subscribe for) class A ordinary shares in the capital of the Company up to a maximum of 15% of the outstanding capital at the date of the General Meeting for a period of 36 months from the General Meeting and (b) to limit or exclude the statutory pre-emptive rights with regard to such issuances of (or rights to subscribe for) class A ordinary shares in the capital of the Company pursuant to the delegation referred to above under (a);

 

(iv)

signed written resolution of the Board held on 16 May 2024 (the Board Resolution I);

 

(v)

signed written resolution of the Board held on 21 May 2024 (the Board Resolution II and together with the Board Resolution I also referred to as the Board Resolutions);

 

(vi)

signed minutes of the resolution of the Pricing Committee held on 21 May 2024; and

 

(vii)

signed minutes of the resolution of the Pricing Committee held on 23 May 2024;

 

(j)	scanned copies of:

 

(i)

the signed instruction notice on behalf of the Company to Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company (as transfer agent) relating to the issuance and delivery of the Investor Shares; and

 

(ii)

the bank statements as referred to in Section 2:93a paragraphs 2 and 6 of the Dutch Civil Code issued by Deutsche Bank AG dated May, 31 2024 in connection with the payment of the Investor Shares; and

 

(k)	scanned copies of the signed:

 

(i)

Securities Purchase Agreements, including the Warrant Form; and

 

 

(ii)

the warrant agreement by and between the Company and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company (as transfer agent), dated May 31, 2024 (the Warrant Agreement).

 

The documents referred to above in items (a) to (k) (inclusive) are herein referred to as the Documents; the documents referred to above in items (b) to (i) (inclusive) are herein referred to as the Corporate Documents; the documents referred to above in item (i) are herein referred to as the Resolutions; the documents referred to above in item (k) are herein referred to as the Opinion Documents.

 

Nature of Opinion and Observations

 

3.	This letter is subject to the following nature of opinion and observations:

 

(a)

Dutch Law: this opinion is confined to the laws with general applicability (wettelijke regels met algemene gelding) of the Netherlands and, insofar as they are directly applicable in the Netherlands, the European Union, all as they stand as at the date hereof and as such laws are currently interpreted in published authoritative case law of the courts of the Netherlands (Dutch law); accordingly, we express no opinion with regard to any other system of law (including the law of jurisdictions other than the Netherlands in which our firm has an office), even in cases where, in accordance with Dutch law, any foreign law should be applied; furthermore, we do not express any opinion on public international law or on the rules of or promulgated under any treaty or by any treaty organisation (except as otherwise stated above);

 

(b)	Changes in Law: we express no opinion that the future or continued performance of a party’s obligations or the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Opinion Documents will not contravene Dutch law, its application or interpretation if altered in the future;

 

(c)	Territory of the Netherlands: all references in this opinion letter and its schedules to the Netherlands and Dutch law are to the European part of the Netherlands and its law, respectively, only;

 

(d)

Factual Statements: we have not been responsible for investigating or verifying the accuracy of the facts (or statements of foreign law) or the reasonableness of any statements of opinion or intention contained in any documents, or for verifying that no material facts or provisions have been omitted therefrom; nor have we verified the accuracy of any assumption made in this opinion letter other than as explicitly stated in this opinion letter;

 

(e)	Representations: we express no opinion as to the correctness of any representation given by any of the parties (express or implied) under or by virtue of the Documents, save if and insofar as the matters represented are the subject matter of a specific opinion herein;

 

(f)	Effects of Opinion: the opinions expressed in this opinion letter have no bearing on declarations made, opinions expressed or statements of a similar nature made by any of the parties in the Opinion Documents;

 

 

(g)

Nature of Investigations: in rendering this opinion we have exclusively examined the Documents and we have conducted such investigations of Dutch law as we have deemed necessary or advisable for the purpose of giving this opinion letter; as to matters of fact we have relied on the Documents and any other document we have deemed relevant, and on statements or certificates of public officials;

 

(h)

Formulae and Cash Flows: we have not been responsible for verifying the accuracy or correctness of any formula or ratio (whether expressed in words or symbols) or financial schedule contained in the Documents, or any cash flow model used or to be used in connection with the transactions contemplated thereby, or whether such formula, ratio, financial schedule or cash flow model appropriately reflects the commercial arrangements between the parties;

 

(i)

Tax: we express no opinion in respect of the tax treatment of the Documents or the Transaction; you have not relied on any advice from us in relation to the tax implications of the Documents or the Transaction for any person, whether in the Netherlands or any other jurisdiction, or the suitability of any tax provisions in the Documents;

 

(j)

Operational Licenses: we have not investigated whether the Company has obtained any of the operational licences, permits and consents which it may require for the purpose of carrying on its business (including, unless such licence, permit and/or consent is the subject of an opinion herein, the Transaction);

 

(k)

Anti-trust: we have not considered whether the transactions contemplated by the Opinion Documents comply with civil, regulatory or criminal anti-trust, cartel, competition, public procurement or state aid laws, nor whether any filings, clearances, notifications or disclosures are required or advisable under such laws;

 

(l)	Data Protection / Insider Trading: we express no opinion on any data protection or insider trading laws of any jurisdiction (including the Netherlands);

 

(m)	Legal Concepts: Dutch legal concepts are expressed in English terms in this opinion letter and not in their original Dutch terms; the concepts concerned may not be identical to the concepts described by the same English terms as they exist in the laws of other jurisdictions;

 

(n)	Governing Law: this opinion and any non-contractual obligations arising out of or in relation to this opinion are governed by Dutch law; and

 

(o)	Date of Opinion: this opinion speaks as of the date hereof; no obligation is assumed to update this opinion or to inform any person of any changes of law or other matters coming to our knowledge and occurring after the date hereof, which may affect this opinion in any respect.

 

 

Opinion

 

4.

On the basis stated in paragraph 3, and subject to the assumptions in Schedule 1, the qualifications in Schedule 2 and any factual matters, documents or events not disclosed to us, we are of the opinion that (i) the Company has been duly incorporated as a private company with limited liability (besloten vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid) and is existing as a public company (naamloze vennootschap) under Dutch law, (ii) the Investor Shares have been duly authorised, validly issued and are fully paid and non-assessable and (iii) upon the exercise of the Warrants in accordance with the Warrant Agreement, the Warrant Shares when issued by the Company will have been duly authorised, validly issued and when paid in accordance with the terms of the Warrant Agreement (and following issuance of a bank statement as referred to in Section 2:93a paragraphs 2 and 6 of the Dutch Civil Code) will be fully paid and non-assessable.

 

Benefit of opinion

 

5.

This opinion is addressed to you in relation to and as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement and, except with our prior written consent, is not to be transmitted or disclosed to any other person, other than as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and is not to be used or relied upon by you or by any other person for any purpose other than in connection with the filing of the Registration Statement.

 

6.

This opinion letter and any non-contractual obligations arising out of or in relation to this opinion are governed by the laws of the Netherlands. Every situation concerning the legal relationship between yourself and Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP, the above submission to jurisdiction included, is governed by the general terms of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP.1

 

7.

We hereby consent to the filing of this legal opinion letter as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. In giving the consent set out in the previous sentence, we do not thereby admit or imply that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or any rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder.

 

Yours faithfully,

 

Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP

 

¹ The general terms and conditions of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP can be found at www.freshfields.com.

 

 

Schedule 1
ASSUMPTIONS

 

In considering the Documents and in rendering this opinion we have (with your consent and, unless specifically stated otherwise, without any further enquiry) assumed that:

 

(a)	Authenticity: all (electronic) signatures, stamps and seals on all documents in connection with this opinion ((whether as originals as copies or electronically) are genuine and all such documents are authentic, accurate and complete;

 

(b)	Copies: all documents retrieved by us or supplied to us electronically (whether in portable document format (PDF) or as scanned copies), as photocopies, facsimile copies or e-mail conformed copies are in conformity with the originals;

 

(c)	Drafts: Documents examined by us in draft form have been or, as the case may be, will be executed in the form of the drafts examined by us;

 

(d)	No Amendments: the Opinion Documents have since their execution not been amended, supplemented, rescinded, terminated by any of the parties thereto or declared null and void by a competent court;

 

(e)

Deed of Incorporation: the Deed of Incorporation is a valid notarial deed (authentieke akte), the contents of which were correct and complete as of the date thereof and there were no defects in the incorporation of the Company (not appearing on the face of the Deed of Incorporation) on the basis of which a court might dissolve the Company or deem it has never existed;

 

(f)	Registration: the Registration Statement has been or will have been filed with the SEC and declared effective pursuant to the Securities Act;

 

(g)

Corporate Documents: at the time when any Corporate Document was signed, each person who is a party to or signatory of that Corporate Document (other than the Company), as applicable (i) had been validly incorporated, was validly existing and, to the extent relevant in such party’s jurisdiction, in good standing under the laws applicable to such party, (ii) had all requisite power, authority and legal capacity to sign that Corporate Document and to perform all juridical acts (rechtshandelingen) and other actions contemplated thereby and (iii) has validly signed that Corporate Document;

 

(h)	Extract: the information set forth in the Extract, is accurate and complete on today’s date and the factual statements from the Company in relation to the total issued and outstanding capital of the Company are accurate and complete on today’s date;

 

 

(i)

No Insolvency: (i) the Company has not been declared bankrupt (failliet verklaard), (ii) the Company has not been granted a (provisional) suspension of payments ((voorlopige) surseance van betaling), (iii) the Company has not become subject to a (confidential or public) pre-insolvency private plan procedure (onderhands akkoordprocedure), (iv) the Company has not become subject to any of the other insolvency proceedings (together with the proceedings in paragraph (i)(i) and (i)(ii) referred to as the Insolvency Proceedings) referred to in section 1(1) of Regulation (EU) 2015/848 of 20 May 2015 on insolvency proceedings (recast) (the Insolvency Regulation), (v) the Company has not been dissolved (ontbonden), (vi) the Company has not ceased to exist pursuant to a legal merger or demerger (juridische fusie of splitsing), and (vii) no order for the administration (bewind) of the assets of the Company has been made; these assumptions are supported by our enquiries today with the Commercial Register, the online EU Insolvency register (EU Insolventieregister) and the court in Amsterdam, the Netherlands and The Hague, the Netherlands, which have not revealed any information that any such event has occurred with respect to the Company; however, such enquiries are not conclusive evidence that no such events have occurred; additionally, in the event a confidential pre-insolvency private plan procedure (onderhands akkoordprocedure) as referred to in paragraph (i)(iii) should occur with respect to the Company, the above-mentioned registers will not make notice of such procedure;

 

(j)	Articles of Association: the Articles of Association have not been amended;

 

(k)

Authorization General Meeting: the General Meeting has or will (continue to) designate the Board as the corporate body authorised to (i) issue the New Securities and (ii) to limit or exclude the statutory pre-emptive rights with regard to such issuances pursuant to the delegation referred to above under (i);

 

(l)

Resolutions: the Resolutions (including the powers of attorney in the Board Resolutions) have not been revoked (ingetrokken) or amended and have not been and will not be declared null and void by a competent court and the Resolutions have not been, and will not be, amended, revoked (ingetrokken), terminated or declared null and void by a competent court and the factual statements and confirmations set out in the Resolutions are true and correct;

 

(m)	Corporate Benefit: the entering into the Opinion Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby are in the corporate interests (vennootschappelijk belang) of the Company;

 

(n)

No Conflict of Interest: Klaus Roewe nor any of those members of the Board (in whatever capacity) who have participated in the meeting of the Board held on 21 May 2024 as evidenced by the Board Resolution II, has a direct or indirect personal conflict of interest with the Company (een direct of indirect persoonlijk belang dat strijdig is met het belang van de vennootschap en de met haar verbonden onderneming) in relation to the transactions contemplated by the Opinion Documents (Barry Engle and Niklas Zennström did not participate in the deliberations and decision-making process in relation to the Transaction as they may have a direct or indirect personal conflict of interest with the Company in relation to the Transaction as is evidenced by the Board Resolution II);

 

 

(o)

Works Council: no works council (ondernemingsraad) has been instituted with jurisdiction (and the authority to render advice) in respect of the Company and/or the transactions contemplated by the Opinion Documents, nor has any person working for any enterprise (onderneming, as defined in the Dutch Works Councils Act (Wet op de ondernemingsraden)) of the Company (whether employee or not) at any time made a request to the board of directors of the Company that any works council be installed;

 

(p)	Financial Supervision Act: the Company is not required to be licensed pursuant to the Dutch Financial Supervision Act (Wet op het financieel toezicht);

 

(q)	Due Execution: the (electronic) signature appearing on the Opinion Documents on behalf of the Company is the (electronic) signature of Klaus Roewe;

 

(r)

Signing under Power of Attorney: under any applicable law (other than Dutch law) governing the existence and extent of Klaus Roewe’s authority towards third parties (as determined pursuant to and in accordance with the rules of The Hague Convention of 14 March 1978 on the Laws Applicable to Agency), the power of attorney included in the Board Resolutions authorising Klaus Roewe creates valid and legally binding obligations for the Company towards any of the other parties to the Opinion Documents as a result of Klaus Roewe acting as attorney for and on behalf of the Company;

 

(s)

Other Parties – Corporate Capacity/Approval: each of the parties to the Opinion Documents (other than the Company) (i) has been validly incorporated, is validly existing and, to the extent relevant in such party’s jurisdiction, in good standing under the laws applicable to such party, (ii) has the power, capacity and authority to enter into, execute and deliver the Opinion Documents to which it is a party and to exercise its rights and perform its obligations thereunder, and (iii) has duly authorised and validly executed and, to the extent relevant, delivered the Opinion Documents;

 

(t)

Anti-terrorism, Money Laundering: the parties to the Opinion Documents comply with all applicable anti-terrorism, anti-corruption, anti-money laundering, sanctions and human rights laws and regulations, and the performance or enforcement of the Opinion Documents is consistent with all such laws and regulations; without providing conclusive evidence, this assumption is supported by our online enquiry with the registers referred to in Sections 2:20(3) and 10:123 of the Dutch Civil Code finalised today confirming that the Company is not listed on any such list;

 

(u)

No Director Disqualification: none of the directors of the Company is subject to a civil law director disqualification (civielrechtelijk bestuursverbod) imposed by a court under articles 106a to 106e of the Dutch Bankruptcy Act (Faillissementswet) (as amended by the Directors disqualification act (Wet civielrechtelijk bestuursverbod)); although not providing conclusive evidence thereof, this assumption is supported by (i) the confirmation of the directors included in the Board Resolutions and (ii) our enquiries today with the Commercial Register; and

 

(v)

Shares: the issue, offering, sale, transfer, payment and delivery of the New Securities, each distribution (electronically or otherwise) of any circulars, documents or information relating to the Company and/or the New Securities and any and all invitations, offers, offer advertisements, publications and other documents relating to the Transaction have been and will continue to be made in conformity with the provisions of the Opinion Documents and the Registration Statement.

 

 

Schedule 2
QUALIFICATIONS

 

Our opinion is subject to the following qualifications:

 

(a)	Insolvency Proceedings: a confirmation derived from an insolvency register does not provide conclusive evidence that an entity is not subject to any insolvency proceedings as defined in the Insolvency Regulation or otherwise;

 

(b)

Creditor Action: our opinions with respect to the validity or enforceability of the Opinion Documents or any legal act (rechtshandeling) forming part thereof or contemplated thereby are subject to and limited by the protection afforded by Dutch law to creditors whose interests have been adversely affected pursuant to the rules of Dutch law relating to (i) unlawful acts (onrechtmatige daden) based on section 6:162 et seq. of the Dutch Civil Code (Burgerlijk Wetboek) and (ii) fraudulent conveyance or preference (actio pauliana) within the meaning of section 3:45 of the Dutch Civil Code (Burgerlijk Wetboek) and/or section 42 et seq. of the Dutch Bankruptcy Act (Faillissementswet);

 

(c)

Foreign Documents: the opinion and other statements expressed herein relating to the Opinion Documents are subject to the qualification that as Dutch lawyers we are not qualified or able to assess the true meaning and purport under applicable law (other than Dutch law) of the terms of the Opinion Documents and the obligations thereunder of the parties thereto, and we have made no investigation of such meaning and purport; our review of the Opinion Documents and any other documents subject or expressed to be subject to any law other than Dutch law has therefore been limited to the terms of such documents as they appear to us on the basis of such review and only in respect of any involvement of Dutch law;

 

(d)	Sanctions Act 1977: the Sanctions Act 1977 (Sanctiewet 1977) and regulations promulgated thereunder, or international sanctions, may limit the enforceability of the Opinion Documents;

 

(e)

Non-assessable: in absence of an equivalent Dutch legal term for the term “non-assessable” as used in this opinion letter and for the purposes of this opinion letter, non-assessable means that no holder of Ordinary Shares can be required to pay any amount in addition to the amount required for such share to be fully paid as provided for by Section 2:81 of the Dutch Civil Code; and

 

(f)

Commercial Register: an extract from the Commercial Register does not provide conclusive evidence that the facts set out in it are correct. However, under the 2007 Trade Register Act (Handelsregisterwet 2007), subject to limited exceptions, a legal entity cannot invoke the incorrectness or incompleteness of its Commercial Register information against third parties who were unaware of the incorrectness or incompleteness.

 

 

 

Exhibit 5.2

 

Lilium N.V. Galileostraße 335 82131 Gauting, Germany

New York   3 World Trade Center 175 Greenwich Street, 51st Floor New York, NY 10007 T +1 (212) 277-4000   www.freshfields.com

 

June 14, 2024

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

We are acting as United States counsel to Lilium N.V., a Dutch public limited liability company (the Company), in connection with the registration statement on Form F-3 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the Commission) on June 14, 2024 (as it may be amended and supplemented after the initial filing date, the Registration Statement, which term does not include any other document or agreement whether or not specifically referred to therein or attached as an exhibit or schedule thereto), relating to the registration under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), of (i) (a) 24,507,947 Class A Shares, nominal value €0.01 per share (the Class A Shares and, the registered Class A Shares, the Shares) and (b) warrants to purchase 24,507,947 Class A Shares (the Warrants), in each case, sold by the Company pursuant to the securities purchase agreements dated May 23, 2024 by and among the Company and the investors named therein (the Securities Purchase Agreements) and (ii) 24,507,947 Class A Shares that may be issued upon the exercise of the Warrants.

 

The opinion expressed herein is confined to the law of the State of New York, as currently in effect. Accordingly, we express no opinion herein with regard to any other laws. The opinion expressed herein is limited to the matters stated herein, and no opinion is implied or may be inferred beyond the matters expressly stated herein. We do not undertake to advise you of changes in law or facts that may come to our attention after the date of this letter.

 

Insofar as the opinion expressed herein relates to or is dependent upon matters governed by the law of The Netherlands, we have relied upon the opinion dated on or about the date hereof of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP, which opinion is being filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement.

 

In rendering the opinion expressed below, we have examined the following documents and agreements:

 

(a)

the form of PIPE Securities Purchase Agreement and the form of PIPE Warrant attached thereto (the Form of Warrant);

 

(b)

the warrant agreement, dated as of May 31, 2024 (the Warrant Agreement and, together with the Form of Warrant, the Warrant Documents), by and between the Company and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company (Continental); and

 

(c)

the Registration Statement.

 

In addition, we have examined and have relied as to matters of fact upon such corporate and other records, agreements, documents and other instruments and certificates or comparable documents of public officials and of officers and representatives of the Company and such other persons, and we have made such other investigations, as we have deemed relevant and necessary as a basis for the opinion expressed below.

 

 

Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer is an international legal practice operating through Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer US LLP, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer (a partnership registered in Hong Kong), Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer Law office, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer Foreign Law Office, Studio Legale associato a Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer Rechtsanwälte Steuerberater PartG mbB, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer Rechtsanwälte PartG mbB and other associated entities and undertakings. For further regulatory information please refer to www.freshfields.com/support/legal-notice.

 

 

In our examination, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of natural persons, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals and the conformity with authentic originals of all documents submitted to us as copies. As to any facts material to the opinion expressed herein that we did not independently establish or verify, we have relied, without independent verification, upon the representations and warranties contained in the Securities Purchase Agreements, and oral or written statements and representations of public officials, officers and other representatives of the Company. We have also assumed that the Warrant Documents have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the parties thereto.

 

Based upon the foregoing, and subject to the limitations, qualifications and assumptions set forth herein, we are of the opinion that, assuming that (i) the Warrants have been duly authorized by the Company, and (ii) the Warrant Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and constitutes a valid and legally binding obligation of Continental, the Warrant Agreement and the Warrants constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.

 

Our opinion above is subject to (i) (a) the effects of bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, fraudulent conveyance or transfer or other similar laws relating to or affecting the rights of creditors generally, (b) the possible judicial application of foreign laws or governmental action affecting the rights of creditors generally and (c) the application of general principles of equity (regardless of whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law), including without limitation (1) the possible unavailability of specific performance, injunctive relief or any other equitable remedy and (2) concepts of materiality, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing, and (ii) limitations on the right to indemnity and contribution under applicable law and public policy.

 

In addition, we express no opinion as to (i) the validity, legally binding effect or enforceability of (a) any waiver of immunity, (b) any waiver of a right to trial by jury, (c) any waiver of inconvenient forum set forth in the Warrant Documents and the Warrants or (d) any provisions relating to partial unenforceability contained in the Warrant Documents or (ii) (a) whether a federal or state court outside New York would give effect to any choice of law provided for in the Warrant Documents and the Warrants or (b) any provisions of the Warrant Documents and the Warrants that relate to the subject matter jurisdiction of the federal or state courts of a particular jurisdiction to adjudicate any controversy related to the Warrant Documents and the Warrants or the transactions contemplated thereby.

 

The opinion expressed in this letter is solely for your benefit and the benefit of persons entitled to rely thereon pursuant to applicable provisions of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder, in connection with the Registration Statement, and may not be relied upon in any manner or used for any purpose by any other person or entity.

 

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion letter with the Commission as Exhibit 5.2 to the Registration Statement and further consent to the reference to our name under the caption “Legal Matters” in the prospectus which is a part of the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not hereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act.

 

Very truly yours,

 

/s/ Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer US LLP

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 8.1

 

Lilium N.V. Galileostraße 335 82131 Gauting Germany

Washington, DC   700 13th Street, NW, 10th Floor Washington, DC 20005   Claude Stansbury T +1 (202) 777-4500     freshfields.us

 

June 14, 2024

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

We have acted as special U.S. federal income tax counsel to Lilium N.V., a Dutch public limited liability company (the “Company,” “you,” “your” or similar terms), in connection with the preparation and filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) of a registration statement on Form F-3, under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), relating to the offer and sale from time to time by the selling securityholders named therein of (i) up to 24,507,947 shares of the Company’s class A ordinary shares, nominal value €0.01 per share (“Class A Shares”), (ii) warrants to purchase up to 24,507,947 Class A Shares (the “Warrants”) and (iii) up to 24,507,947 Class A Shares that may be issued upon the exercise of the Warrants. The registration statement on Form F-3, filed on June 14, 2024, together with all exhibits thereto is herein called the “Registration Statement.” You have requested our opinion concerning the statements in the Registration Statement under the heading “Taxation – Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for U.S. Holders.”

 

In rendering our opinion, we have reviewed the Registration Statement and the Company’s audited financial statements as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, including the accompanying notes, incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement and participated in discussions with officers and representatives of the Company and representatives of the independent registered public accounting firm for the Company, at which discussions the contents of these documents were discussed.

 

In addition, we have examined and relied as to matters of fact upon the Registration Statement and such corporate and other records, agreements, documents and other instruments and certificates or comparable documents of public officials and of officers and representatives of the Company and such other persons, and we have made such other investigations, as we have deemed relevant and necessary in order to enable us to render this opinion. Our opinion is conditioned on the initial and continuing accuracy of the facts, information and analyses set forth in the Registration Statement and such other documents.

 

 

Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer is an international legal practice operating through Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer US LLP, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer (a partnership registered in Hong Kong), Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer Law office, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer Foreign Law Office, Studio Legale associato a Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer Rechtsanwälte Steuerberater PartG mbB, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer Rechtsanwälte PartG mbB and other associated entities and undertakings. For further regulatory information please refer to www.freshfields.com/support/legal-notice.

 

 

In rendering the opinion set forth below, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of natural persons, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals and the conformity with authentic originals of all documents submitted to us as copies. As to any facts material to the opinions expressed herein that we did not independently establish or verify, we have relied, without independent verification, upon oral or written statements and representations of public officials, officers and other representatives of the Company. We have also assumed that the Registration Statement will be declared effective by order of the Commission and will remain effective at the time the Class A Shares and/or Warrants are sold. The purpose of our engagement was not to establish or confirm factual matters set forth in the Registration Statement and we have not undertaken any obligation to verify independently any of the factual matters set forth in those documents. Moreover, many of the determinations required to be made in the preparation of such documents involve judgments that are primarily of a non-legal nature. Any inaccuracy in any of the aforementioned assumptions could adversely affect our opinion.

 

Our opinion is based on existing provisions of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, U.S. Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, administrative and judicial decisions, and rulings and other pronouncements of the Internal Revenue Service as in effect on the date of this opinion, all of which are subject to change (possibly with retroactive effect) or reinterpretation. No assurances can be given that a change in the law on which our opinion is based or the interpretation thereof will not occur or that such change will not affect the opinion expressed herein. We undertake no responsibility to advise of any such developments in the law.

 

Based upon our examination and subject to the qualifications set forth in this letter, and subject to the qualifications, exceptions, assumptions and limitations set forth in the Registration Statement, we are of the opinion that the statements set forth in the Registration Statement under the heading “Taxation – Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for U.S. Holders,” insofar as such statements constitute descriptions of or conclusions with respect to United States federal income tax law, are correct in all material respects. Notwithstanding the foregoing, we do not express any opinion herein with respect to the Company’s status as a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) for United States federal income tax purposes for any taxable year, for the reasons stated in the discussion on PFICs set forth in the Registration Statement under the heading “Taxation – Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for U.S. Holders – Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules.”

 

Our opinion is limited to the federal income tax law of the United States and to the issues specifically addressed in this letter. We express no opinion on any other laws, we intimate no view on any other matter that may be relevant to your interests and we do not undertake to advise you of changes in law or fact that may come to our attention after the date of this letter. This letter speaks only as of its date, and we assume no obligation to advise you or any other person of any change in law or fact that occurs after the date of this opinion letter, even though such change may affect the legal analysis or legal conclusion expressed in this letter. We also caution you that our opinions depend upon the facts, assumptions and representations to which this letter refers, and our conclusions could differ if those facts and assumptions were found to be different. Should the United States Internal Revenue Service take a position inconsistent with our conclusions, there can be no assurance that it will not prevail.

 

 

 

This letter is furnished by us to you solely in connection with the Registration Statement. The opinion expressed in this letter is solely for your benefit and the benefit of persons entitled to rely thereon pursuant to applicable provisions of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder, and may not be used, quoted, relied upon in any manner or otherwise referred to for any other purpose by any other person or entity.

 

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion with the Commission as Exhibit 8.1 to the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act, or the rules and regulations of the Commission.

 

Sincerely,

 

/s/ Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer US LLP

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 8.2

 

Lilium N.V. Galileostraße 335 82131 Gauting Germany

Amsterdam Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP Strawinskylaan 10 1077 XZ Amsterdam Postbus 75299 1070 AG Amsterdam T     +31 20 485 7000         +31 20 485 7635 (Direct) F      +31 20 517 7635 E      eelco.vanderstok@‌freshfields.com www.freshfields.com   Doc ID EUROPE-LEGAL-276379421/1   Our Ref 176386-0006 E

 

14 June 2024

 

Dear Sirs, Madams,

 

Netherlands tax opinion

 

1.

Introduction

 

We have acted as special counsel on certain matters of Dutch tax law to Lilium N.V. (the Company) in connection with the registration statement on Form F-3 filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on 14 June 2024 for the registration of (i) up to 49,015,894 Class A ordinary shares of the Company, nominal value €0.01 per share (the Class A Shares), which consists of up to (a) 24,507,947 Class A Shares and (b) 24,507,947 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of warrants, and (ii) warrants to purchase up to 24,507,947 Class A Shares (the Warrants), as described in the Registration Statement (as defined below).

 

This opinion letter is delivered to you pursuant to your request.

 

2.

General

 

In rendering this opinion, we have examined a scanned copy of the registration statement on Form F-3 under the Securities Act, as filed with the SEC on 14 June 2024 (the Registration Statement).

 

This opinion letter is strictly limited to the matters expressly stated in it and may not be read as an opinion on the legal validity and/or the binding nature under Dutch law of the Registration Statement or any matter not specifically referred to in this opinion. We have assumed that all the facts, representations or warranties contained in the Registration Statement are correct. Consequently, we did not examine the correctness of any of these and we do not express an opinion in that respect. We have also assumed that the Company is, and will remain, solely resident in Germany for purposes of the 2012 Convention between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Kingdom of the Netherlands for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income.

 

 

Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England and Wales with registered number OC334789. It is authorised and regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA no. 484861). Dutch Chambers of Commerce registration number 34368197. For further regulatory information please refer to www.freshfields.com/support/legal-notice.

 

A list of the members (and of the non-members who are designated as ‘partners’) of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP is available for inspection at its registered office, 100 Bishopsgate, London EC2P 2SR and at Strawinskylaan 10, 1077 XZ Amsterdam. Any reference to a partner means a member, or a consultant or employee with equivalent standing and qualifications, of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP or any associated firms or entities. Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP’s Amsterdam office includes attorneys, civil law notaries, solicitors and lawyers qualified under the laws of, and registered in, other jurisdictions.

 

Bank Account:
Stg Beh Derdengld Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP, ABN AMRO Bank N.V., IBAN: NL14ABNA0256049947, BIC: ABNANL2A

 

 

This opinion is furthermore limited to laws, treaties and regulatory interpretations in effect in the Netherlands on the date of this opinion and as they are generally construed and applied according to the current published case law of the Dutch courts, authorities and administrative rulings. These laws, treaties and regulations are subject to change, including changes that could have retroactive effect, as a result of which the correctness and accuracy of the content of this opinion may be affected. We will nevertheless not update and/or modify this opinion, not even in case of possible and relevant modifications to the Dutch tax laws, unless you specifically request us to do so in writing after such a modification should have occurred.

 

All the (English) legal concepts and terms used in this opinion are moreover deemed to refer to Dutch legal concepts and should therefore be interpreted following the corresponding Dutch tax concepts.

 

All references in this opinion letter to the Netherlands and Dutch law are to the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and its law, respectively, only.

 

This opinion and any non-contractual obligations arising out of or in relation to this opinion are governed by Dutch law, and the courts of Amsterdam (the Netherlands) shall have exclusive jurisdiction, to which you and we submit, in relation to all disputes (including claims for set-off and counterclaims) arising out of or in connection with this opinion, including (without limitation) in connection with (i) the creation, effect or interpretation of, or the legal relationships established by, this opinion; and (ii) any non-contractual obligations arising out of or in relation to this opinion. Every situation concerning the legal relationship between yourself and Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP, the above submission to jurisdiction included, is governed by the general terms of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP.

 

3.

Opinion

 

Based upon and subject to the foregoing and any factual matters, documents or events not disclosed to us, the statements contained in the Registration Statement under the heading “Material Dutch Tax Considerations” constitute our opinion and are a true and accurate summary of the material Dutch tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposal of Class A Shares and the acquisition, ownership, disposal and exercise of Warrants to the holders of Class A Shares and/or Warrants described therein.

 

4.

Benefit of opinion

 

This opinion is addressed to you in relation to and as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and, except with our prior written consent, is not to be transmitted or disclosed to any other person, other than as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and is not to be used or relied upon by you or by any other person for any purpose other than in connection with the filing of the Registration Statement.

 

 

We hereby consent to the filing of this legal opinion letter as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. In giving the consent set out in the previous sentence, we do not thereby admit or imply that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or any rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder.

 

Yours faithfully

 

/s/ Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP

 

 

 

Exhibit 8.3

 

Lilium N.V. Galileostraße 335 82131 Gauting Germany

München Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer Rechtsanwälte Steuerberater PartG mbB Maximiliansplatz 13 80333 München T     +49 89 20 70 20 (Zentrale)         +49 89 20702339 (Durchwahl) F      +49 89 20 70 21 00 E       david.beutel@‌freshfields.com www.freshfields.com   Our Ref 176386-0015 DBE

 

14 June 2024

 

German Tax Opinion

 

Dear Sir or Madam,

 

We are acting as legal advisor of Lilium N.V., a public limited liability company (naamloze vennootschap) incorporated under the laws of the Netherlands, with its registered seat in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, registered with the Netherlands Chamber of Commerce (Kamer van Koophandel) under number 82165874, having its business address at Galileostraße 335, 82131 Gauting, Germany (the Company), in respect of certain matters of German tax law in connection with the filing of a Form F-3 registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, regarding the offer and sale from time to time by the shareholders of the Company named therein of (a) up to 49,015,894 class A ordinary shares with a nominal value of EUR 0.01 each (the Class A Shares), which consists of up to (i) 24,507,947 Class A Shares and (ii) 24,507,947 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of warrants and (b) warrants to purchase up to 24,507,947 Class A Shares, prepared by the Company and filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) on 14 June 2024 (the Registration Statement).

 

In this capacity, we have been requested to provide a tax opinion regarding the section “Material German Tax Considerations” of the Registration Statement (the Opinion) which we provide below.

 

1.

Documents Reviewed

 

We have solely examined a scanned copy of the Registration Statement, as filed with the SEC on 14 June 2024.

 

 

Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer Rechtsanwälte Steuerberater Partnerschaftsgesellschaft mit beschränkter Berufshaftung (Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer Rechtsanwälte Steuerberater PartG mbB) has its seat in Frankfurt am Main and is registered with the partnership register of the Amtsgericht Frankfurt am Main with registered number PR 2677. For further regulatory information please refer to www.freshfields.com/support/legalnotice.

 

A list of all members of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer Rechtsanwälte Steuerberater PartG mbB is available on request. The reference to "partners" means members of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer Rechtsanwälte Steuerberater PartG mbB as well as consultants and employees of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer Rechtsanwälte Steuerberater PartG mbB with equivalent standing and qualifications who are not members of the partnership.

 

 

2.

Assumptions

 

In considering the documents provided to us and rendering this Opinion we have assumed without further inquiry that:

 

a)

all copies of documents provided to us conform to the relevant originals and that all documents submitted to us whether as originals or as copies are authentic, accurate and complete;

 

b)

the Company is, and will remain, solely resident in Germany for purposes of (i) the 2012 Convention between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Kingdom of the Netherlands for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and (ii) the German tax laws currently in force;

 

c)

there are no factual matters and documents not disclosed to us in the course of our examination that would affect any opinion expressed in this Opinion; and

 

d)

all factual matters identified in the Registration Statement are accurate and complete.

 

3.

Laws Considered

 

The undersigned is a member of the bar association (Rechtsanwaltskammer) in Munich, Germany, and licensed as an attorney (Rechtsanwalt) in Germany. This Opinion is, therefore, limited to matters of German law as presently in effect. We have not investigated and do not express or imply any opinion with respect to the laws of any other jurisdiction.

 

4.

Opinion Statement

 

Based upon and subject to the foregoing and the observations set out below, we are of the opinion that:

 

The statements set forth in the Registration Statement under the section with the caption “Material German Tax Considerations”, insofar as such statements purport to constitute a description or summary of the legal issues or legal provisions referred to therein, represent fair descriptions or summaries of such issues or provisions and are correct in all material respects.

 

5.

Observations

 

With your approval we have not been responsible for investigating or verifying the accuracy of any facts, or statements of foreign law, or the reasonableness of any statements of opinion or intention contained in the documents provided to us, or for verifying that no material facts or provisions have been omitted therefrom. Moreover, we have not conducted any investigation of factual matters for the purposes of this Opinion and our opinion does not purport to express or imply any opinion with regard to such matters. Nothing in this Opinion should be taken as expressing an opinion with respect to the representations and warranties or other factual statements contained in any of the documents referred to above.

 

All the (English) legal concepts and terms used in this Opinion are moreover deemed to refer to German legal concepts and should therefore be interpreted following the corresponding German tax concepts.

 

 

The opinions contained herein are expressions of professional judgement regarding the legal matters addressed and not guarantees that a court will reach any particular result.

 

This Opinion speaks as of its date only and we do not assume any obligation to update this Opinion or to inform you or any other addressee of this Opinion of any changes to any of the facts or laws or other matters referred to in this Opinion.

 

6.

Benefit

 

This Opinion is rendered to you solely for your benefit in connection with the Registration Statement and may not, without our prior written consent, be circulated, disclosed, quoted, otherwise referred to or made available to third parties in any other matter or context whatsoever, save that this letter may be used (i) as required by law or regulation, (ii) if requested by any court or governmental or regulatory authority, or (iii) if deemed necessary by the addressee to establish a legal defence.

 

This Opinion may only be relied upon under the express condition that this Opinion and any issues of interpretation arising hereunder are governed by German law and any disputes between ourselves and the addressees hereof arising in connection with this Opinion will be brought before a German court. The courts of Frankfurt am Main shall have exclusive jurisdiction with respect to any matters of liability arising hereunder.

 

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion letter with the SEC as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not hereby admit or imply that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or any rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder.

 

Very truly yours,
/s/ Dr. David Beutel
Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer Rechtsanwälte Steuerberater PartG mbB

 

 

 

Exhibit 10.2

 

Execution Version

 

WARRANT AGREEMENT

 

THIS WARRANT AGREEMENT (as amended, supplemented, or otherwise modified from time to time, this “Agreement”), dated as of May 31, 2024, is by and between Lilium N.V., a Dutch public limited liability company (naamloze vennootschap) (the “Company”), and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, a New York corporation, as warrant agent (the “Warrant Agent”, also referred to herein as the “Transfer Agent”). Capitalized terms used herein but not otherwise defined have the meanings ascribed to them in the Warrants (defined below).

 

WHEREAS, on May 23, 2024 the Company entered into Securities Purchase Agreements, as may be amended and restated, (collectively, the “ PIPE Purchase Agreement”) with the investors named therein (the “Investors”), pursuant to which the Investors agreed to purchase Class A ordinary shares, having a nominal value of €0.01 per share (“Ordinary Shares A”) of the Company, and in connection therewith the Company will issue and deliver warrants to the Investors, bearing any restrictive legends as set forth therein (the “Warrants”), with each whole Warrant entitling the holder thereof to purchase one Ordinary Share A of the Company for $1.50 per share with a minimum of the USD equivalent of the nominal value of EUR 0.01 per share (the “Warrant Shares”), subject to adjustment as described in the Warrants;

 

WHEREAS, on May 23, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Prepaid Purchase Agreement”) with Aceville Pte. Limited pursuant to which the Company will issue and deliver, among other things, a Warrant to purchase 24,233,035 Warrant Shares, subject to adjustments as described in the Warrants;

 

WHEREAS, the Company desires the Warrant Agent to act on behalf of the Company, and the Warrant Agent is willing to so act, in connection with the issuance, registration, transfer, exchange, redemption and exercise of the Warrants;

 

WHEREAS, the Company desires to provide for the form and provisions of the Warrants, the terms upon which they shall be issued and exercised, and the respective rights, limitation of rights, and immunities of the Company, the Warrant Agent, and the holders of the Warrants; and

 

WHEREAS, all acts and things have been done and performed which are necessary to make the Warrants, when executed on behalf of the Company and countersigned by or on behalf of the Warrant Agent, as provided herein, the valid, binding and legal obligations of the Company, and to authorize the execution and delivery of this Agreement.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements herein contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:

 

1.             Appointment of Warrant Agent. The Company hereby appoints the Warrant Agent to act as agent for the Company for the Warrants, and the Warrant Agent hereby accepts such appointments and agrees to perform the same in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement.

 

2.             Warrants.

 

2.1           Form of Warrant. Each Warrant shall be issued in registered form only, and, if a physical certificate is issued, shall be in substantially the form of Exhibit A hereto, the provisions of which are incorporated herein and shall be signed by, or bear the electronic or facsimile signature of, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer or other officer of the Company. In the event the person whose electronic or facsimile signature has been placed upon any Warrant shall have ceased to serve in the capacity in which such person signed the Warrant before such Warrant is issued, it may be issued with the same effect as if he or she had not ceased to be such at the date of issuance.

 

 

2.2           Effect of Countersignature. If a physical certificate is issued, unless and until countersigned by the Warrant Agent pursuant to this Agreement, a Warrant certificate shall be invalid and of no effect and may not be exercised by the holder thereof.

 

2.3           Registration.

 

2.3.1        Warrant Register.

 

(a)             The Warrant Agent shall maintain books (the “Warrant Register”) for the registration of the original issuance and transfers of the Warrants. Upon the initial issuance of the Warrants, the Warrant Agent shall issue and register the Warrants in the names of the respective holders thereof in such denominations and otherwise in accordance with instructions delivered to the Warrant Agent by the Company. All of the Warrants shall initially be represented by one or more book-entry certificates (each, a “Book-Entry Warrant Certificate”) maintained on the books of the Warrant Agent and recorded in the name of the applicable investor (the “Depositary”).

 

(b)             If the Depositary subsequently ceases to make its book-entry settlement system available for the Warrants, the Company may instruct the Warrant Agent regarding making other arrangements for book-entry settlement. In the event that the Warrants are not eligible for, or it is no longer necessary to have the Warrants available in, book-entry form, the Warrant Agent shall provide written instructions to the Depositary to deliver to the Warrant Agent for cancellation each Book-Entry Warrant Certificate, and the Company shall instruct the Warrant Agent to deliver to the Depositary definitive certificates in physical form evidencing such Warrants (“Definitive Warrant Certificate”). Such Definitive Warrant Certificate shall be in the form annexed hereto as Exhibit A with appropriate insertions, modifications and omissions, as provided above.

 

2.3.2        Registered Holder. Prior to due presentment for registration of transfer of any Warrant, the Company and the Warrant Agent may deem and treat the person in whose name such Warrant is registered in the Warrant Register (the “Registered Holder”) as the absolute owner of such Warrant and of each Warrant represented thereby (notwithstanding any notation of ownership or other writing on a Definitive Warrant Certificate made by anyone other than the Company or the Warrant Agent), for the purpose of any exercise thereof, and for all other purposes, and neither the Company nor the Warrant Agent shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.

 

3.             Terms and Exercise of Warrants.

 

3.1           Warrant Price. Each Warrant, when countersigned by the Warrant Agent, shall entitle the Registered Holder thereof, subject to the provisions of such Warrant and of this Agreement, to purchase from the Company the number of Ordinary Shares A stated therein, at the price of $1.50 per whole share, subject to adjustments as provided in the Warrant. The term “Warrant Price” as used in this Agreement shall mean the price per share at which Ordinary Shares A may be purchased at the time a Warrant is exercised.

 

3.2           Duration of Warrants. Subject to the provisions of the Warrant, a Warrant may be exercised on any business day commencing from the date upon which the Company shall have instructed the Warrant Agent that the Company’s general meeting has resolved to grant the shareholder approval necessary to authorize Ordinary Shares A sufficient for the full exercise in aggregate of the Warrants (the “Shareholder Approval”) (which instruction the Company shall give promptly following, and in no event later than the next Business Day after, the Shareholder Approval) (the “Exercisability Date”), and terminating six (6) years from the date of such issuance (the “Expiration Date”). Each outstanding Warrant not exercised on or before the Expiration Date shall become void, and all rights thereunder and all rights in respect thereof under this Agreement shall cease on the Expiration Date.

 

 

3.3           Exercise of Warrants.

 

3.3.1        Payment. Subject to the provisions of the Warrant and this Warrant Agreement, a Warrant, when countersigned by the Warrant Agent if certificated, may be exercised by the registered holder thereof by surrendering it, at the office of the Warrant Agent, or at the office of its successor as Warrant Agent, in the Borough of Manhattan, City and State of New York, with the notice of exercise form (the “Notice of Exercise”), as set forth in the Warrant, duly executed, with a copy to the Company, and by paying in full the Warrant Price for each full Ordinary Share A as to which the Warrant is exercised and any and all applicable taxes due in connection with the exercise of the Warrant by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the Warrant Agent. The Warrant Agent shall unconditionally hold such amount for the account and benefit of the Company. Upon request by the Company, the Warrant Agent shall as soon as possible transfer such amount to a bank account designated by the Company.

 

3.3.2        Issuance of Ordinary Shares A on Exercise. Promptly (and in any event within two (2) Trading Days (as defined below)) after the exercise of any Warrant, the clearance of the funds in payment of the Warrant Price and receipt by the Company of an EU licensed (branch of a) bank a statement (the “Confirmation Statement”) confirming that on the day of receipt of payment of the Warrant Price the USD amount paid is at least equal to the aggregate nominal value in EUR of all Ordinary Shares A to be issued upon exercise of the Warrant, the Company (or the Warrant Agent on behalf of the Company) shall issue to the Registered Holder of such Warrant a book-entry position or certificate, as applicable, for the number of full Ordinary Shares A to which such Registered Holder is entitled, registered in such name or names as may be directed by such Registered Holder, and if such Warrant shall not have been exercised in full, a new book-entry position or countersigned Warrant, as applicable, for the number of Ordinary Shares A as to which such Warrant shall not have been exercised. If fewer than all the Warrants evidenced by a Book Entry Warrant Certificate are exercised, a notation shall be made to the records maintained by the Depositary or its nominee for each Book Entry Warrant Certificate, as appropriate, evidencing the balance of the Warrants remaining after such exercise. In no event will the Company be required to “net cash settle” the warrant exercise. In furtherance of the foregoing, the Warrant Agent agrees to provide prompt notice to the Company (and in any event on the same day in which the wired funds are received by the Warrant Agent) of the amount received in USD from a Registered Holder upon exercise of a Warrant and further agrees to not issue any Ordinary Shares A upon exercise of a Warrant until the Company confirms the applicable Confirmation Statement has been received by the Company. For the purposes of this Agreement, “Trading Day” means a day on which the Ordinary Shares A are traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (“Nasdaq”), which, as of the original Warrant issuance date is the national securities exchange or other trading market on which the Ordinary Shares A are primarily listed and quoted for trading (or any successors to the foregoing), (ii) if the Ordinary Shares A are not traded on Nasdaq but are traded on another Trading Market, a day on which the Ordinary Shares A are traded on such other Trading Market (as defined below) and (iii) if the Ordinary Shares A are not traded on Nasdaq or any other Trading Market, any Business Day. For the purposes of this Agreement, “Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banks are authorized or required to close in the City of New York, New York.

 

3.3.3        Valid Issuance. All Ordinary Shares A issued upon the proper exercise of a Warrant in conformity with this Agreement, the provisions of the Warrant, and the Articles of Association, of the Company, and following receipt by the Company of an EU licensed (branch of a) bank a statement confirming that on the day of receipt of payment of the Warrant Price the USD amount paid is at least equal to the aggregate nominal value in EUR of all Ordinary Shares A issued upon exercise of the Warrant, shall be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

 

 

3.3.4        Date of Issuance. Upon proper exercise of a Warrant, in whole or in part, the Company shall instruct the Warrant Agent, in writing, to make the necessary entries in the register of shareholders of the Company in respect of the Ordinary Shares A and to issue a certificate if requested by the holder of such Warrant. Each person in whose name any book-entry position in the register of shareholders of the Company or certificate, as applicable, for Ordinary Shares A is issued shall for all purposes be deemed to have become the holder of record of such Ordinary Shares A on the date on which the Warrant, or book-entry position in the register of shareholders of the Company representing such Warrant, was surrendered and payment of the Warrant Price was made, irrespective of the date of delivery of such certificate in the case of a certificated Warrant, except that, if the date of such surrender and payment is a date when the register of shareholders or share transfer books of the Company or book-entry system of the Warrant Agent are closed, such person shall be deemed to have become the holder of such Ordinary Shares A at the close of business on the next succeeding date on which the register of shareholders, share transfer books or book-entry system are open.

 

3.4           Optional Redemption. Pursuant to the provisions of the Warrant, if at any time beginning two (2) years after the issuance date of the Warrant, but before the Expiration Date, the last reported sale price per share of the Ordinary Shares A, as reported by Nasdaq, equals or exceeds $12.50 per share for at least sixty (60) Trading Days (whether or not consecutive) during a ninety (90) consecutive Trading Day period, then the Company, on at least twenty (20) Trading Days’ prior written notice to the Registered Holder, may redeem the Warrant by paying the Registered Holder one cent ($0.01) per Warrant Share, subject to adjustment as provided in this Warrant and subject to prior exercise by the Registered Holder. The Warrant shall remain exercisable by the Registered Holder (in whole or in part, in its entirety or in such increments, at any time and from time to time, as in each case the Registered Holder may in its sole discretion elect) for the duration of the twenty (20) Trading Days’ prior written notice period.

 

4.             Adjustments.

 

4.1           Stock Dividends, Splits, Etc. Subject to the provisions of the Warrant, if the Company declares or pays a dividend on its Ordinary Shares A payable in Ordinary Shares A, or other securities of the Company, then upon exercise of the Warrant, for each Ordinary Shares A acquired, the Registered Holder shall receive, without cost to the Registered Holder, the total number and kind of securities to which the Registered Holder would have been entitled had the Registered Holder owned such number of Ordinary Shares A of record as of the record date for the dividend. If the Company subdivides its Ordinary Shares A by reclassification or otherwise into a greater number of shares, the number of Ordinary Shares A purchasable hereunder shall be proportionately increased and the Warrant Price shall be proportionately decreased. If the Company combines or consolidates its Ordinary Shares A, by reclassification or otherwise, into a lesser number of shares, the number of Ordinary Shares A purchasable hereunder shall be proportionately decreased and the Warrant Price shall be proportionately increased. Any adjustment made pursuant to the first sentence of this Section 4.1 shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of shareholders entitled to receive such dividend, and any adjustment pursuant to the second and third sentences of this Section 4.1 shall become automatically effective immediately after the effective date of such subdivision, combination or consolidation.

 

4.2           Reclassification, Exchange, Combinations or Substitution. Subject to the provisions of the Warrant, in the event of any recapitalization, reclassification, exchange, substitution, combination, reorganization, merger, consolidation, liquidation or similar transaction or other event that results in the Ordinary Shares A being converted into or exchanged for securities, cash or property, the Registered Holder shall be entitled to receive, upon exercise of the Warrant, the number and kind of securities and property that the Registered Holder would have received for such number of Ordinary Shares A to which the Registered Holder would have been entitled if the Warrant had been exercised immediately before such event, except in the event of a Fundamental Transaction (as defined below) pursuant to Section 4.6.

 

 

4.3           Subsequent Equity Sales. Subject to the provisions of the Warrant, if the Company at any time while the Warrant is outstanding, shall sell, enter into an agreement to sell, or grant any option to purchase, or sell, enter into an agreement to sell, or grant any right to reprice, or otherwise dispose of or issue (or announce any offer, sale, grant or any option to purchase or other disposition) any Ordinary Shares A or Ordinary Share A Equivalents (as defined below), at an effective price per share less than $1.00 (such lower price, the “Base Share Price” and such issuances each a “Dilutive Issuance”) (it being understood and agreed that if the holder of the Ordinary Shares A or Ordinary Share A Equivalents so issued shall at any time, whether by operation of purchase price adjustments, reset provisions, floating conversion, exercise or exchange prices or otherwise, or due to warrants, options or rights per share which are issued in connection with such issuance, be entitled to receive Ordinary Shares A at an effective price per share that is less than $1.00, such issuance shall be deemed to have occurred for less than $1.00 on such date of the Dilutive Issuance at such effective price), then simultaneously with the consummation (or, if earlier, the announcement) of each Dilutive Issuance the Warrant Price shall be proportionately reduced by the same proportion by which the Base Share Price is less than $1.00 (e.g., if the Base Share Price is $0.80, then the then existing Warrant Price shall be reduced by 20%) provided that the revised Warrant Price shall not be less than the USD equivalent of the nominal value of the Ordinary Shares A (subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, recapitalizations and similar transactions following the original issue date of the Warrant). Notwithstanding the foregoing, no adjustments shall be made, paid or issued under this Section 4.3 in respect of an Exempt Issuance (as defined below). The Company shall notify the Registered Holder, in writing, no later than the Trading Day following the issuance or deemed issuance of any Ordinary Shares A or Ordinary Share A Equivalents subject to this Section 4.3, indicating therein the applicable issuance price, or applicable reset price, exchange price, conversion price and other pricing terms (such notice, the “Dilutive Issuance Notice”). For purposes of clarification, whether or not the Company provides a Dilutive Issuance Notice pursuant to this Section 4.3, upon the occurrence of any Dilutive Issuance, the Registered Holder is entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares based upon the revised Warrant Price regardless of whether the Registered Holder accurately refers to the revised Warrant Price in the Notice of Exercise. References above to $1.00 shall be proportionately adjusted to the extent the Warrant Price of the Warrant is adjusted in accordance with the terms of Sections 4.1 and 4.2 hereof. As used herein, “Exempt Issuance” means the issuance of (i) Ordinary Shares A, options or other securities to employees, officers or directors of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or consultants to the Company or any of its subsidiaries pursuant to any stock or option plan or other written agreement duly adopted for such purpose by a majority of the non-employee members of the board of directors or a majority of the members of a committee of non-employee directors established for such purpose for services rendered to the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (ii) Ordinary Shares A upon the exercise or exchange of or conversion of any securities exercisable or exchangeable for or convertible into Ordinary Shares A issued and outstanding on the date of the issuance of the Warrant, provided that such securities have not been amended since the date of the issuance of the Warrant to increase the number of such securities or to decrease the exercise price, exchange price or conversion price of such securities (other than in connection with stock splits or combinations) or to extend the term of such securities; (iii) securities issued pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company or securities issued in financing transactions, the primary purpose of which is to finance acquisitions or strategic transactions approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company, provided that any such issuance shall only be to a Person (or Persons) (as defined below) (or to the equity holders of a Person) which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company or an owner of an asset in a business synergistic with the business of the Company; (iv) Ordinary Shares A, options, warrants or convertible securities issued to banks, equipment lessors or other financial institutions, or to real property lessors, pursuant to a debt financing, equipment leasing or real property leasing transaction approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company but shall not include a transaction in which the Company is primarily issuing Ordinary Shares A or Ordinary Share A Equivalents primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to a person or an entity whose primary business is investing in securities; (v) Ordinary Shares A, warrants, options or convertible securities issued in connection with the provision of goods or services, partnership or joint ventures in connection with the Company’s business or to suppliers or other persons with whom the Company does business pursuant to transactions approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company but shall not include a transaction in which the Company is issuing Ordinary Shares A or Ordinary Share A Equivalents primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to a person or an entity whose primary business is investing in securities; (vi) Ordinary Shares A, options, warrants or convertible securities issued in connection with sponsored research, collaboration, technology license, development, investor or public relations, marketing or other similar agreements, or strategic partnerships or joint ventures approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company but shall not include a transaction in which the Company is primarily issuing Ordinary Shares A or Ordinary Share A Equivalents primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to a person or an entity whose primary business is investing in securities; (vii) securities issued pursuant to an equity line of credit or “at the market” registered offering to be established by the Company following the date hereof (including any upsize thereof) so long as such “at the market” registered offering or upsize thereof is approved by the board of directors of the Company and (viii) Ordinary Shares A, options, warrants or convertible securities issued to any public sector entity, government investors or research institutions. As used herein “Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind. As used herein “Ordinary Share A Equivalents” means any securities of the Company which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Ordinary Shares A, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Ordinary Shares A, and any securities of the Company that when paired with one or more other securities of the Company or another entity entitles the holder thereof to receive Ordinary Shares A.

 

 

4.4           Subsequent Rights Offerings. Subject to the provisions of the Warrant, in addition to any adjustments pursuant to Sections 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 above, if at any time the Company grants, issues or sells any Ordinary Share A Equivalents or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders of any class of Ordinary Shares A (the “Purchase Rights”), then the Registered Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Registered Holder could have acquired if the Registered Holder had held the number of Ordinary Shares A acquirable upon complete exercise of the Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of Ordinary Shares A are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights.

 

4.5           Pro Rata Distributions. Subject to the provisions of the Warrant, during such time as the Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of Ordinary Shares A, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a “Distribution”), at any time after the issuance of the Warrant, then, in each such case, the Registered Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the Registered Holder would have participated therein if the Registered Holder had held the number of Warrant Shares acquirable upon complete exercise of the Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of Ordinary Shares A are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution. To the extent that the Warrant has not been partially or completely exercised at the time of such Distribution, such portion of the Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Registered Holder until the Registered Holder has exercised the Warrant.

 

 

4.6           Fundamental Transaction. Subject to the provisions of the Warrant, if, at any time while the Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, (ii) the Company, directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any direct or indirect purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Ordinary Shares A are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding Ordinary Shares A, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Ordinary Shares A or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Ordinary Shares A are effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property (other than as a result of a stock split, combination or reclassification of the Ordinary Shares A covered by Section 4.1 above), or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group (as defined in Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) Rule 13d-5) of Persons whereby such other Person or group (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13d-5) acquires more than 50% of the outstanding Ordinary Shares A (not including any Ordinary Shares A held by the other Person or other Persons making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the other Persons making or party to, such stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination) (each a “Fundamental Transaction”), then, upon any subsequent exercise of the Warrant, the Registered Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Registered Holder, the number of shares of capital stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the “Alternate Consideration”) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of Ordinary Shares A for which the Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitations on exercise of the Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one Ordinary Share A in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If the Registered Holders of Ordinary Shares A are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Registered Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of the Warrant in connection with such Fundamental Transaction. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, in the event of a Fundamental Transaction in which at least 10% of the consideration received by the holders of the Company’s Ordinary Shares A does not consist of common stock in the Successor Entity (which entity may be the Company following such Fundamental Transaction) listed on a Trading Market, or is to be so listed for trading immediately following such event, the Company or any Successor Entity (as defined below) shall, at the Registered Holder’s option, exercisable at any time concurrently with, or within thirty (30) days after, the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction (or, if later, the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction), purchase the Warrant from the Registered Holder by paying to the Registered Holder an amount of cash equal to the Black Scholes Value (as defined below) of the remaining unexercised portion of the Warrant on the date of the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction; provided, however, that, if the Fundamental Transaction is not within the Company’s control, including not approved by the board of directors, the Registered Holder shall only be entitled to receive from the Company or any Successor Entity the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion), at the Black Scholes Value of the unexercised portion of the Warrant, that is being offered and paid to the Registered Holders of Ordinary Shares A of the Company in connection with the Fundamental Transaction, whether that consideration be in the form of cash, stock or any combination thereof, or whether the holders of Ordinary Shares A are given the choice to receive from among alternative forms of consideration in connection with the Fundamental Transaction; provided, further, that if holders of Ordinary Shares A of the Company are not offered or paid any consideration in such Fundamental Transaction, such holders of Ordinary Shares A will be deemed to have received common stock or ordinary shares of the Successor Entity (which Successor Entity may be the Company following such Fundamental Transaction) in such Fundamental Transaction. “Black Scholes Value” means the value of the Warrant based on the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model obtained from the “OV” function on Bloomberg L.P. determined as of the day of consummation of the applicable Fundamental Transaction for pricing purposes and reflecting (A) a risk-free interest rate corresponding to the U.S. Treasury rate for a period equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction and the Expiration Date, (B) an expected volatility equal to the greater of 100% and the 100 day volatility obtained from the HVT function on Bloomberg L.P. (determined utilizing a 365 day annualization factor) as of the Trading Day immediately following the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction, (C) the underlying price per share used in such calculation shall be the greater of (i) the sum of the price per share being offered in cash, if any, plus the value of any non-cash consideration, if any, being offered in such Fundamental Transaction and (ii) the highest VWAP (as defined below) during the period beginning on the Trading Day immediately preceding the announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction (or the consummation of the applicable Fundamental Transaction, if earlier) and ending on the Trading Day of the Registered Holder’s request pursuant to this Section 4.6 and (D) a remaining option time equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction and the Expiration Date and (E) a zero cost of borrow. The payment of the Black Scholes Value will be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds (or such other consideration) within the later of (i) five (5) Trading Days of the Registered Holder’s election and (ii) the date of consummation of the Fundamental Transaction. The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the “Successor Entity”) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under the Warrant in accordance with the provisions of this Section 4.6 pursuant to written agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Registered Holder and approved by the Registered Holder (without unreasonable delay) prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Registered Holder, deliver to the Registered Holder in exchange for the Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to the Warrant which is exercisable for a corresponding value of shares of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the value of the Warrant Shares acquirable and receivable upon exercise of the Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of the Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the Warrant Shares pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of the Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Registered Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such Fundamental Transaction, the provisions of the Warrant referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to the Successor Entity), and may exercise every right and power of the Company and shall assume all of the obligations of the Company under the Warrant with the same effect as if such Successor Entity had been named as the Company herein. As used herein “VWAP” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Ordinary Shares A are then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Ordinary Shares A for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Ordinary Shares A are then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if the Ordinary Shares A are then listed or quoted on the OTCQB or OTCQX, the volume weighted average price of the Ordinary Shares A for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX. as applicable, (c) if the Ordinary Shares A are not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Ordinary Shares A are then reported on the Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per Ordinary Shares A so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of Ordinary Shares A as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company. “Trading Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Ordinary Shares A are listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the New York Stock Exchange, or OTCQB or OTCQX (or any successors to any of the foregoing).

 

 

4.7           Calculations. All calculations under this Section 4 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 4, the number of Ordinary Shares A deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of Ordinary Shares A (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.

 

4.8           Notices of Changes in Warrant.

 

4.8.1        Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 4, the Company shall promptly deliver to the Warrant Agent and the Registered Holder by facsimile or email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment. Failure to give such notice, or any defect therein, shall not affect the legality or validity of such event.

 

(a)             If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the Ordinary Shares A, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Ordinary Shares A, (C) the Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Ordinary Shares A rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any shareholder of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Ordinary Shares A, any consolidation or merger to which the Company (or any of its Subsidiaries) is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Ordinary Shares A are converted into other securities, cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by facsimile or email to the Warrant Agent and the Registered Holder at its last facsimile number or email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least twenty (20) calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Ordinary Shares A of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that the Registered Holders of the Ordinary Shares A of record shall be entitled to exchange their Ordinary Shares A for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange; provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided in the Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of its subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the SEC (as defined below) pursuant to a Current Report on Form 6-K (or successor form) or, if unavailable to the Company, a widely disseminated press release that is reasonably anticipated to be generally available to the Company’s equity holders. The Registered Holder shall remain entitled to exercise the Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.

 

 

4.9           Fractional Shares. The Company shall not be required to issue fractions of Warrant Shares upon any exercise of the Warrant. In lieu of any such fractional Warrant Share, the Registered Holder shall receive, at the Company’s election, (i) an amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the current market value of a whole Warrant or (ii) a whole Warrant Share, with the understanding that the Company cannot issue more Warrant Shares than the maximum number of Warrant Shares that the board of the Company has been authorized to issue by the general meeting of the Company in connection with the issuance of the Warrants. As used herein, current market value means, as of any particular date, the VWAP on the five Trading Day period immediately prior to (but excluding) the applicable date of determination.

 

4.10         Form of Warrant. In the event of the adjustments described in this Section 4, the Company (or the Warrant Agent on behalf of the Company) or its successor, if applicable, shall promptly issue to the Registered Holder (a) an amendment to the Warrant setting forth the number and kind of such new securities or other property issuable upon exercise of the Warrants as a result of such event, and (b) upon surrender to the Company or the Warrant Agent of the Warrant(s) then in the Registered Holder’s possession, one or more new Warrants representing the number of Warrant Shares (or other securities) then-outstanding as a result of such adjustment. The amendment to the Warrant shall provide for adjustments which shall be as nearly equivalent as may be practicable to the adjustments provided for in this Section 4 including, without limitation, adjustments to the Warrant Price and to the number of securities or property issuable upon exercise of the new Warrant. The provisions of this Section 4 shall similarly apply to successive reclassifications, exchanges, substitutions, or other events.

 

5.             Transfer and Exchange of Warrants.

 

5.1           Registration of Transfer. The Warrant Agent shall register the transfer, from time to time, of any outstanding Warrant upon the Warrant Register, upon surrender of such Warrant for transfer, in the case of certificated Warrants, properly endorsed by the Company with signatures properly guaranteed and accompanied by appropriate instructions for transfer. Upon any such transfer, a new Warrant representing an equal aggregate number of Warrants shall be issued and the old Warrant shall be cancelled by the Warrant Agent. In the case of certificated Warrants, the Warrants so cancelled shall be delivered by the Warrant Agent to the Company from time to time upon request. Except with respect to the Warrants bearing a restrictive legend and as described in this Section 5, there are no restrictions on the transfer of the Warrants. The Warrants and all rights thereunder are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender pursuant to this Section 5.

 

5.2           Procedure for Surrender of Warrants. Warrants may be surrendered to the Warrant Agent, together with a written request for exchange or transfer, and thereupon the Warrant Agent shall issue in exchange therefor one or more new Warrants as requested by the Registered Holder of the Warrants so surrendered, representing an equal aggregate number of Warrants; provided, however, that in the event that a Warrant surrendered for transfer bears a restrictive legend, the Warrant Agent shall not cancel such Warrant and issue new Warrants in exchange thereof until the Warrant Agent has received an instruction letter from the Company or an opinion of counsel for the Company, as applicable in the Warrant Agent’s discretion, stating that such transfer may be made and indicating whether the new Warrants must also bear a restrictive legend. The Company agrees to cooperate with holders of the Warrants from time to time to cause its counsel to provide any such opinions of counsel reasonably requested in connection with any such transfers. In addition, the Company agrees to cause the Warrant Agent or the transfer agent for the Ordinary Shares A, as applicable, to remove the restrictive legends on the Warrants and/or the Ordinary Shares A issuable upon exercise thereof, as applicable, when such securities are sold pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) or an effective registration statement or may be sold without restriction under Rule 144 under the Securities Act. In connection therewith, if required by the Warrant Agent or the Company’s transfer agent, the Company will promptly cause an opinion of counsel to be delivered to and maintained with the Warrant Agent or such transfer agent, together with any other authorizations, certificates, letters of representations and directions required by the Warrant Agent or such transfer agent that authorize and direct the Warrant Agent or such transfer agent, as applicable, to transfer such securities without any such legends.

 

 

5.3           Service Charges. No service charge shall be made for any exchange or registration of transfer of Warrants.

 

5.4           Warrant Execution and Countersignature. The Warrant Agent is hereby authorized to countersign and to deliver, in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the Warrants required to be issued pursuant to the provisions of this Section 5, and the Company, whenever required by the Warrant Agent, shall supply the Warrant Agent with Warrants duly executed on behalf of the Company for such purpose.

 

6.             Other Provisions Relating to Rights of Holders of Warrants.

 

6.1           No Rights as Shareholder. Except as expressly set forth in the Warrant, a Warrant does not entitle the Registered Holder to any of the rights of a shareholder of the Company, including, without limitation, the right to receive dividends, or other distributions, exercise any preemptive rights to vote or to consent or to receive notice as a shareholder in respect of the meetings of shareholders or the election of directors of the Company or any other matter. In addition, nothing contained in the Warrant shall be construed as imposing any liabilities on the Registered Holder to purchase any securities (upon exercise of the Warrants or otherwise) or as a shareholder of the Company, whether such liabilities are asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company. Notwithstanding this Section 6, the Company shall provide the Registered Holder with copies of the same notices and other information given to the shareholders of the Company generally, contemporaneously with the giving thereof to the shareholders; provided that the Company shall not be obligated to provide such information if it is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) through EDGAR and available to the public through the EDGAR system.

 

6.2           Lost, Stolen, Mutilated, or Destroyed Warrants. If any Warrant is lost, stolen, mutilated, or destroyed, the Company and the Warrant Agent may on such terms as to indemnity or otherwise as they may in their discretion impose (which shall, in the case of a mutilated Warrant, include the surrender thereof), issue a new Warrant of like denomination, tenor, and date as the Warrant so lost, stolen, mutilated, or destroyed, but only upon receipt of evidence reasonable satisfactory to the Company of such loss, theft, or destruction of such Warrant and indemnity or bond, if requested, also reasonably satisfactory to the Company. Any such new Warrant shall constitute a substitute contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the allegedly lost, stolen, mutilated, or destroyed Warrant shall be at any time enforceable by anyone. In such event, the Registered Holder shall also comply with such other reasonable regulations and pay such other reasonable charges as the Company may prescribe.

 

6.3           Reservation of Ordinary Shares A. The Company shall at all times reserve and keep available a number of its authorized but unissued Ordinary Shares A that shall be sufficient to permit the exercise in full of all outstanding Warrants subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement.

 

 

6.4           Registration of Ordinary Shares A.

 

6.4.1        Registration Rights. If applicable, the Registered Holder shall be entitled to the registration rights provided for in the PIPE Purchase Agreement and Prepaid Purchase Agreement, as applicable.

 

7.             Concerning the Warrant Agent and Other Matters.

 

7.1           Payment of Taxes. The Company shall from time to time promptly pay all taxes and charges that may be imposed upon the Company or the Warrant Agent in respect of the issuance or delivery of Ordinary Shares A upon the exercise of the Warrants, but the Company shall not be obligated to pay any transfer taxes in respect of the Warrants or such Ordinary Shares A.

 

7.2           Resignation, Consolidation, or Merger of Warrant Agent.

 

7.2.1        Appointment of Successor Warrant Agent. The Warrant Agent, or any successor to it hereafter appointed, may resign its duties and be discharged from all further duties and liabilities hereunder after giving sixty (60) days’ notice in writing to the Company. If the office of the Warrant Agent becomes vacant by resignation or incapacity to act or otherwise, the Company shall appoint in writing a successor Warrant Agent in place of the Warrant Agent. If the Company shall fail to make such appointment within a period of thirty (30) days after it has been notified in writing of such resignation or incapacity by the Warrant Agent or by the holder of a Warrant (who shall, with such notice, submit their Warrant for inspection by the Company), then the holder of any Warrant may apply to the Supreme Court of the State of New York for the County of New York for the appointment of a successor Warrant Agent at the Company’s cost. Any successor Warrant Agent, whether appointed by the Company or by such court, shall be a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of New York, in good standing and having its principal office in the Borough of Manhattan, City and State of New York, and authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers and subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authority. After appointment, any successor Warrant Agent shall be vested with all the authority, powers, rights, immunities, duties, and obligations of its predecessor Warrant Agent with like effect as if originally named as Warrant Agent hereunder, without any further act or deed; but if for any reason it becomes necessary or appropriate, the predecessor Warrant Agent shall execute and deliver, at the expense of the Company, an instrument transferring to such successor Warrant Agent all the authority, powers, and rights of such predecessor Warrant Agent hereunder; and upon request of any successor Warrant Agent the Company shall make, execute, acknowledge, and deliver any and all instruments in writing for more fully and effectually vesting in and confirming to such successor Warrant Agent all such authority, powers, rights, immunities, duties, and obligations.

 

7.2.2        Notice of Successor Warrant Agent. In the event a successor Warrant Agent shall be appointed, the Company shall give notice thereof to the predecessor Warrant Agent and the Transfer Agent for the Ordinary Shares A not later than the effective date of any such appointment.

 

7.2.3        Merger or Consolidation of Warrant Agent. Any corporation into which the Warrant Agent may be merged or with which it may be consolidated or any corporation resulting from any merger or consolidation to which the Warrant Agent shall be a party shall be the successor Warrant Agent under this Agreement without any further act.

 

7.2.4        Termination of Warrant Agent. The Company may terminate the Warrant Agent at any time upon ten (10) business days’ notice. The Company may serve as Warrant Agent in the event the Warrant Agent is terminated.

 

 

7.3           Fees and Expenses of Warrant Agent.

 

7.3.1        Remuneration. The Company agrees to pay the Warrant Agent reasonable remuneration for its services as such Warrant Agent hereunder and shall, pursuant to its obligations under this Agreement, reimburse the Warrant Agent upon demand for all expenditures that the Warrant Agent may reasonably incur in the execution of its duties hereunder.

 

7.3.2        Further Assurances. The Company agrees to perform, execute, acknowledge, and deliver or cause to be performed, executed, acknowledged, and delivered all such further and other acts, instruments, and assurances as may reasonably be required by the Warrant Agent for the carrying out or performing of the provisions of this Agreement.

 

7.4           Liability of Warrant Agent.

 

7.4.1        Reliance on Company Statement. Whenever in the performance of its duties under this Agreement, the Warrant Agent shall deem it necessary or desirable that any fact or matter be proved or established by the Company prior to taking or suffering any action hereunder, such fact or matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by a statement signed by the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Chairman of the Board or other officer of the Company and delivered to the Warrant Agent. The Warrant Agent may rely upon such statement for any action taken or suffered in good faith by it pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement.

 

7.4.2        Indemnity. The Warrant Agent shall be liable hereunder only for its own gross negligence, willful misconduct or bad faith. The Company agrees to indemnify the Warrant Agent and save it harmless against any and all liabilities, including judgments, costs and reasonable counsel fees, for anything done or omitted by the Warrant Agent in the execution of this Agreement, except as a result of the Warrant Agent’s gross negligence, willful misconduct or bad faith.

 

7.4.3        Exclusions. The Warrant Agent shall have no responsibility with respect to the validity of this Agreement or with respect to the validity or execution of any Warrant (except its countersignature thereof). The Warrant Agent shall not be responsible for any breach by the Company of any covenant or condition contained in this Agreement or in any Warrant. The Warrant Agent shall not be responsible to make any adjustments required under the provisions of Section 4 hereof or responsible for the manner, method, or amount of any such adjustment or the ascertaining of the existence of facts that would require any such adjustment; nor shall it by any act hereunder be deemed to make any representation or warranty as to the authorization or reservation of any Ordinary Shares A to be issued pursuant to this Agreement or any Warrant or as to whether any Ordinary Shares A shall, when issued, be valid and fully paid and non-assessable.

 

7.5           Acceptance of Agency. The Warrant Agent hereby accepts the agency established by this Agreement and agrees to perform the same upon the terms and conditions herein set forth and among other things, shall account promptly to the Company with respect to Warrants exercised and concurrently account for, and pay to the Company, all monies received by the Warrant Agent for the purchase of Ordinary Shares A through the exercise of the Warrants, if any.

 

8.             Miscellaneous Provisions.

 

8.1           Successors. All the covenants and provisions of this Agreement by or for the benefit of the Company or the Warrant Agent shall bind and inure to the benefit of their respective successors and assigns.

 

 

8.2           Notices. Any notice, statement or demand authorized by this Agreement to be given or made by the Warrant Agent or by the holder of any Warrant to or on the Company shall be sufficiently given when so delivered (i) if by hand or overnight delivery or if sent by certified mail or private courier service within five days after deposit of such notice, postage prepaid, addressed (until another address is filed in writing by the Company with the Warrant Agent) or (ii) upon delivery, if delivered by e-mail (solely if receipt is confirmed, but excluding any automated reply, such as an out-of-office notification), as follows:

 

If to the Company:

 

Lilium N.V.

c/o Lilium Aviation Inc.

2385 N.W. Executive Center Drive, Suite 300

Boca Raton, Florida 33431

Attn: Roger Franks

Email: roger.franks@lilium.com

 

with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:

 

Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer US LLP

3 World Trade Center

175 Greenwich Street, 51^st Floor

New York, NY 10007

Attention: Valerie Ford Jacob

Email: valerie.jacob@freshfields.com

 

Any notice, statement or demand authorized by this Agreement to be given or made by the holder of any Warrant or by the Company to or on the Warrant Agent shall be sufficiently given when so delivered (i) if by hand or overnight delivery or if sent by certified mail or private courier service within five days after deposit of such notice, postage prepaid, addressed (until another address is filed in writing by the Warrant Agent with the Company) or (ii) upon delivery, if delivered by e-mail (solely if receipt is confirmed, but excluding any automated reply, such as an out-of-office notification) as follows:

 

Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company

1 State Street, 30th Floor

New York, NY 10004

Attention: Compliance Department

Email: compliance@continentalstock.com

 

8.3           Applicable Law. The validity, interpretation, and performance of this Agreement and of the Warrants shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, without giving effect to conflicts of law rules thereof to the extent that any such rules would require or permit the application of the laws of any other jurisdiction.

 

8.4           Persons Having Rights under this Agreement. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to confer upon, or give to, any person or corporation other than the parties hereto and the Registered Holders of the Warrants, any right, remedy, or claim under or by reason of this Agreement or of any covenant, condition, stipulation, promise, or agreement hereof. All covenants, conditions, stipulations, promises, and agreements contained in this Agreement shall be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the parties hereto and their successors and assigns and of the Registered Holders of the Warrants.

 

 

8.5           Examination of the Warrant Agreement. A copy of this Agreement shall be available at all reasonable times at the office of the Warrant Agent in the Borough of Manhattan, City and State of New York, for inspection by the Registered Holder of any Warrant. The Warrant Agent may require any such holder to submit such holder’s Warrant for inspection by the Warrant Agent.

 

8.6           Counterparts; Execution. This Agreement may be executed in any number of original or facsimile counterparts (including by electronic mail or in ..pdf), and each of such counterparts shall for all purposes be deemed to be an original, and all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. Each party agrees that the electronic signatures of the parties included in this Agreement are intended to authenticate this writing and to have the same force and effect as manual signatures. “Electronic signature” means any electronic sound, symbol, or process attached to or logically associated with a record and executed and adopted by a party with the intent to sign such record, including facsimile or email electronic signatures, pursuant to the New York Electronic Signatures and Records Act, as amended from time to time.

 

8.7           Effect of Headings. The section headings herein are for convenience only and are not part of this Agreement and shall not affect the interpretation thereof.

 

8.8           Amendments. This Agreement may be amended by the parties hereto without the consent of any Registered Holder for the purpose of curing any ambiguity, or curing, correcting or supplementing any defective provision contained herein or adding or changing any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under this Agreement as the parties may deem necessary or desirable and that the parties deem shall not adversely affect the interest of the Registered Holders. All other modifications or amendments, including any amendment to increase the Warrant Price or shorten the Exercise Period, shall require the vote or written consent of the Registered Holders of a majority of the then outstanding Warrants. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company may lower the Warrant Price or extend the duration of the Exercise Period pursuant to Sections 3.1 and Section 3.2, respectively, or make such other modifications to the terms of the Warrants pursuant to the provisions of the Warrants without the consent of the Registered Holders.

 

8.9           Severability. This Agreement shall be deemed severable, and the invalidity or unenforceability of any term or provision hereof shall not affect the validity or enforceability of this Agreement or of any other term or provision hereof. Furthermore, in lieu of any such invalid or unenforceable term or provision, the parties hereto intend that there shall be added as a part of this Agreement a provision as similar in terms to such invalid or unenforceable provision as may be possible and be valid and enforceable.

 

[Signature Page Follows]

 

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first above written.

 

	LILIUM N.V. as the Company
	By:	/s/ Klaus Roewe
	Name:	Klaus Roewe
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer
	CONTINENTAL STOCK TRANSFER & TRUST COMPANY, as Warrant Agent
	By:	/s/ Ana Gois
	Name:	Ana Gois
	Title:	Vice President

 

[Signature Page to the Warrant Agreement]

 

 

EXHIBIT A

 

Form of Warrant

 

 

 

Exhibit 23.6

 

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form F-3 of Lilium N.V. of our report dated March 15, 2024 relating to the financial statements, which appears in Lilium N.V.’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2023. We also consent to the reference to us under the heading “Experts” in such Registration Statement.

 

Munich, Germany

June 14, 2024

 

PricewaterhouseCoopers GmbH

Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft

 

/s/ Holger Graßnick		/s/ ppa. Sylvia Eichler
Wirtschaftsprüfer		Wirtschaftsprüferin
(German Public Auditor)		(German Public Auditor)

 

 

 

Exhibit 107

 

Calculation of Filing Fee Tables

 

Form F-3
(Form Type)

 

Lilium N.V.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

 

Table 1: Newly Registered

 

		Security Type		Security Class Title		Fee Calculation or Carry Forward Rule		Amount Registered		Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Unit		Maximum Aggregate Offering Price		Fee Rate		Amount of Registration Fee
Newly Registered Securities
		Primary Offering
Fees to be Paid		Equity		Class A Shares underlying Warrants		Other(1)		24,507,947(2)		$1.50(1)		$36,761,920.50		$147.60 per $1,000,000		$5,426.06
		Secondary Offering
		Equity		Class A Share		Other(4)		24,507,947(3)		$0.86(4)		$21,076,834.42		$147.60 per $1,000,000		$3,110.95
		Other		Warrants		Other		24,507,947(5)		—		—		—		—(6)
Total Offering Amounts												$57,838,754.92				$8,537.01
Total Fees Previously Paid																—
Total Fee Offsets																—
Net Fee Due																$8,537.01

 

*	Pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), the Registrant is also registering an indeterminate number of additional securities as may be issued to prevent dilution resulting from share dividends, share splits or similar transactions.
(1)	Determined pursuant to Rule 457(g) on the basis of $1.50 per Class A Share (as defined in the Registration Statement) – the per share exercise price of the Warrants (as defined in the Registration Statement), which is greater than the price of securities of the same class as determined in accordance with Rule 457(c).
(2)	Consists of 24,507,947 Class A Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants issued to the selling securityholders in connection with the PIPE (as defined in the Registration Statement).
(3)	Consists of 24,507,947 Class A Shares issued to the selling securityholders in connection with the PIPE.
(4)	Estimated in accordance with Rule 457(c) of the Securities Act solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee on the basis of $0.86 per share, which is the average of the high and low prices of the Class A Shares, as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market as of June 11, 2024.
(5)	Represents the resale of the Warrants.
(6)	In accordance with Rule 457(g), the entire registration fee for the Warrants is allocated to the Class A Shares underlying the Warrants, and no separate fee is payable for the Warrants.

 

 

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