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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-Q

 

(Mark One)

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the quarterly period ended

September 30, 2024

or 

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______ to______.

Commission file number: 001-33059

 

FUEL TECH, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware

20-5657551

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation of organization)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

 

Fuel Tech, Inc.

27601 Bella Vista Parkway

Warrenville, IL 60555-1617

630-845-4500

www.ftek.com

(Address and telephone number of principal executive offices)

  ________________________________

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock

 FTEK

NASDAQ

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer

 

Accelerated filer

 

Non-accelerated filer

 

Smaller reporting company

 

   

Emerging growth company

 

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes      No  ☒

 

On October 31, 2024 there were outstanding 30,708,273 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the registrant. 

 

 

 

 

 

FUEL TECH, INC.

Form 10-Q for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024

 

INDEX

 

   

Page

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

Item 1.

Financial Statements (Unaudited)

1
 

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023

1

 

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

2

 

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

3

 

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

4

 

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

5

 

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

6

Item 2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

15

Item 3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

17

Item 4.

Controls and Procedures

17

PART II.

OTHER INFORMATION

18

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings

18

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

18

Item 2.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

18

Item 6.

Exhibits

18

SIGNATURES

19

 

 

 
 

PART I.

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

Item 1.

Financial Statements

 

FUEL TECH, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)(in thousands, except share and per share data)

 

  

September 30,

  

December 31,

 
  

2024

  

2023

 

ASSETS

        

Current assets:

        

Cash and cash equivalents

 $12,274  $17,578 

Short-term investments

  8,162   12,136 

Accounts receivable, less current expected credit loss of $106 and $111, respectively

  9,202   6,729 

Inventories, net

  441   439 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

  838   1,439 

Total current assets

  30,917   38,321 

Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $18,926 and $18,703, respectively

  4,596   4,539 

Goodwill

  2,116   2,116 

Other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $510 and $468, respectively

  327   358 

Right-of-use operating lease assets, net

  523   609 

Long-term investments

  10,881   3,664 

Other assets

  757   781 

Total assets

 $50,117  $50,388 

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

        

Current liabilities:

        

Accounts payable

 $3,271  $2,421 

Accrued liabilities:

        

Operating lease liabilities - current

  81   81 

Employee compensation

  759   1,252 

Other accrued liabilities

  1,204   1,934 

Total current liabilities

  5,315   5,688 

Operating lease liabilities - non-current

  480   533 

Deferred income taxes, net

  172   172 

Other liabilities

  286   281 

Total liabilities

  6,253   6,674 

Stockholders’ equity:

        

Common stock, $.01 par value, 40,000,000 shares authorized, 31,767,329 and 31,361,303 shares issued, and 30,708,273 and 30,385,297 shares outstanding, respectively

  317   313 

Additional paid-in capital

  165,186   164,853 

Accumulated deficit

  (117,589)  (117,529)

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

  (1,780)  (1,748)

Nil coupon perpetual loan notes

  76   76 

Treasury stock, at cost

  (2,346)  (2,251)

Total stockholders’ equity

  43,864   43,714 

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

 $50,117  $50,388 

 

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

 

 

                                        

FUEL TECH, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per-share data)

 

   

Three Months Ended

   

Nine Months Ended

 
   

September 30,

   

September 30,

 
   

2024

   

2023

   

2024

   

2023

 

Revenues

  $ 7,851     $ 7,988     $ 19,850     $ 20,736  

Costs and expenses:

                               

Cost of sales

    4,444       4,376       11,462       12,323  

Selling, general and administrative

    3,225       2,966       9,815       9,126  

Research and development

    361       513       1,159       1,144  
      8,030       7,855       22,436       22,593  

Operating (loss) income

    (179 )     133       (2,586 )     (1,857 )

Interest expense

          (5 )           (15 )

Interest income

    323       322       968       968  

Other (expense) income, net

    (63 )     9       1,576       (95 )

Income (loss) before income taxes

    81       459       (42 )     (999 )

Income tax expense

    (1 )           (18 )      

Net income (loss)

  $ 80     $ 459     $ (60 )   $ (999 )

Net income (loss) per common share:

                               

Basic net income (loss) per common share

  $ 0.00     $ 0.02     $ (0.00 )   $ (0.03 )

Diluted net income (loss) per common share

  $ 0.00     $ 0.01     $ (0.00 )   $ (0.03 )

Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:

                               

Basic

    30,708,000       30,385,000       30,526,000       30,336,000  

Diluted

    30,848,000       30,627,000       30,526,000       30,336,000  

 

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

 

 

 

FUEL TECH, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)

 

   

Three Months Ended

   

Nine Months Ended

 
   

September 30,

   

September 30,

 
   

2024

   

2023

   

2024

   

2023

 

Net income (loss)

  $ 80     $ 459     $ (60 )   $ (999 )

Other comprehensive income (loss):

                               

Foreign currency translation adjustments

    106       (122 )     (32 )     (84 )

Comprehensive income (loss)

  $ 186     $ 337     $ (92 )   $ (1,083 )

 

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

 

 

 

FUEL TECH, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)(in thousands of dollars or shares, as appropriate)

 

The following summarizes the changes in total stockholders' equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023:

 

                                   

Accumulated

   

Nil

                 
                   

Additional

           

Other

   

Coupon

                 
   

Common Stock

   

Paid-in

   

Accumulated

   

Comprehensive

   

Perpetual

   

Treasury

         
   

Shares

   

Amount

   

Capital

   

Deficit

   

Loss

   

Loan Notes

   

Stock

   

Total

 

Balance at December 31, 2022

    30,296     $ 313     $ 164,422     $ (115,991 )   $ (1,728 )   $ 76     $ (2,251 )   $ 44,841  

Net loss

                      (414 )                       (414 )

Foreign currency translation adjustments

                            86                   86  

Stock compensation expense

                89                               89  

Balance at March 31, 2023

    30,296     $ 313     $ 164,511     $ (116,405 )   $ (1,642 )   $ 76     $ (2,251 )   $ 44,602  

Net loss

                      (1,044 )                       (1,044 )

Foreign currency translation adjustments

                            (48 )                 (48 )

Stock compensation expense

                98                               98  

Exercise of stock options

    44             42                               42  

Common shares issued upon vesting of restricted stock units

    45                                            

Balance at June 30, 2023

    30,385     $ 313     $ 164,651     $ (117,449 )   $ (1,690 )   $ 76     $ (2,251 )   $ 43,650  

Net income

                      459                         459  

Foreign currency translation adjustments

                            (122 )                 (122 )

Stock compensation expense

                101                               101  

Balance at September 30, 2023

    30,385     $ 313     $ 164,752     $ (116,990 )   $ (1,812 )   $ 76     $ (2,251 )   $ 44,088  

 

 

The following summarizes the changes in total stockholders' equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024:

 

                                   

Accumulated

   

Nil

                 
                   

Additional

           

Other

   

Coupon

                 
   

Common Stock

   

Paid-in

   

Accumulated

   

Comprehensive

   

Perpetual

   

Treasury

         
   

Shares

   

Amount

   

Capital

   

Deficit

   

Loss

   

Loan Notes

   

Stock

   

Total

 

Balance at December 31, 2023

    30,385     $ 313     $ 164,853     $ (117,529 )   $ (1,748 )   $ 76     $ (2,251 )   $ 43,714  

Net income

                      281                         281  

Foreign currency translation adjustments

                            (143 )                 (143 )

Stock compensation expense

                104                               104  

Balance at March 31, 2024

    30,385     $ 313     $ 164,957     $ (117,248 )   $ (1,891 )   $ 76     $ (2,251 )   $ 43,956  

Net loss

                      (421 )                       (421 )

Foreign currency translation adjustments

                            5                   5  

Stock compensation expense

                124                               124  

Common shares issued upon vesting of restricted stock units

    406       4       (4 )                              

Taxes paid on behalf of equity award participants

    (83 )                                   (95 )     (95 )

Balance at June 30, 2024

    30,708     $ 317     $ 165,077     $ (117,669 )   $ (1,886 )   $ 76     $ (2,346 )   $ 43,569  

Net income

                      80                         80  

Foreign currency translation adjustments

                            106                   106  

Stock compensation expense

                109                               109  

Balance at September 30, 2024

    30,708     $ 317     $ 165,186     $ (117,589 )   $ (1,780 )   $ 76     $ (2,346 )   $ 43,864  

 

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

 

 

 

FUEL TECH, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)

 

 
   

Nine Months Ended

 
   

September 30,

 
   

2024

   

2023

 

Operating Activities

               

Net loss

  $ (60 )   $ (999 )

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:

               

Depreciation

    248       247  

Amortization

    42       46  

Non-cash interest income on held-to-maturity securities

    (109 )     (319 )

Stock-based compensation, net of forfeitures

    337       288  

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

               

Accounts receivable

    (845 )     5  

       Employee retention credit receivable

    (1,677 )      

Inventory

    (3 )     68  

Prepaid expenses, other current assets and other non-current assets

    655       363  

Accounts payable

    842       172  

Accrued liabilities and other non-current liabilities

    (1,215 )     520  

Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities

    (1,785 )     391  

Investing Activities

               

Purchases of equipment and patents

    (316 )     (201 )

Purchases of debt securities

    (14,072 )     (14,026 )

Maturities of debt securities

    11,000       4,000  

Net cash used in investing activities

    (3,388 )     (10,227 )

Financing Activities

               

Taxes paid on behalf of award participants

    (95 )      

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

          42  

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

    (95 )     42  

Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash

    (36 )     (51 )

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents

    (5,304 )     (9,845 )

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

    17,578       23,328  

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

  $ 12,274     $ 13,483  

 

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

 

FUEL TECH, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2024

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per-share data)

 

 

1.     General

 

Organization

 

Fuel Tech, Inc. and subsidiaries ("Fuel Tech", the "Company", "we", "us" or "our") develops and provides proprietary technologies for air pollution control, process optimization, water treatment, and advanced engineering services. These technologies enable customers to operate in a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable manner.

 

The Company’s nitrogen oxide (NOx) reduction technologies reduce nitrogen oxide emissions from boilers, furnaces, and other stationary combustion sources. To reduce NOx emissions, our technologies utilize advanced combustion modification techniques and post-combustion NOx control approaches including non-catalytic, catalytic, and combined systems. The Company also provides solutions for the mitigation of particulate matter, including particulate control with electrostatic precipitator products and services, and using flue gas conditioning systems which modify the ash properties of particulate for improved collection efficiency. The Company’s FUEL CHEM® technology improves the efficiency, reliability, fuel flexibility, boiler heat rate, and environmental status of combustion units by controlling slagging, fouling, corrosion, and opacity.  Water treatment technologies include DGI® Dissolved Gas Infusion Systems which utilize a patented gas-infusing saturator vessel and a patent-pending channel injector to deliver supersaturated oxygen-water solutions and potentially other gas-liquid combinations to target process applications or environmental issues within the municipal and industrial water sectors. The infusion process has a variety of potential applications in the water and wastewater treatment sector, including aquaculture, agriculture/horticulture, pulp & paper, tanneries, landfill leachate, irrigation, treatment of natural waters, wastewater odor management as well as supplying oxygen or other gases for biochemical reactions and pH adjustment.

 

Many of Fuel Tech’s products and services rely heavily on the Company’s computational fluid dynamics modeling capabilities, which are enhanced by internally developed, high-end visualization software.

 

Basis of Presentation

 

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Exchange Act. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for the fair statement of Fuel Tech's financial position, cash flows, and results of operations for the periods presented. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2024. For further information, refer to the audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in Fuel Tech’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended  December 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

CARES Act

 

On March 27, 2020, the U.S. government enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act") to provide certain relief as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act provides tax relief, along with other stimulus measures, including a provision for an Employee Retention Credit (“ERC”), which allows for employers to claim a refundable tax credit against the employer share of Social Security tax for qualifying periods in 2020 and 2021. Under the provisions of the CARES Act, the Company is eligible for a refundable employee retention credit subject to certain criteria.

 

As there is no authoritative guidance under U.S. GAAP on accounting for government assistance to for-profit business entities, we account for the ERC by analogy to International Accounting Standard ("IAS") 20, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance. In accordance with IAS 20, management determined it has reasonable assurance for receipt of the ERC and recorded the ERC benefit of $1,677 as other income on the Statement of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and as a component of Accounts Receivable on the Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2024.

 

 

2.     Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

Investments

 

In 2022, the Board of Directors approved a plan to invest up to $20,000 of excess capital in debt securities, or hold in money market funds until such investments can be made, with BMO Harris Bank N.A (BMO Harris). A portion of the funds invested are restricted as collateral under the Investment Collateral Security agreement (see Note 10). At September 30, 2024, the amount of funds collateralized under the Investment Collateral Security agreement is $2,584 relating to existing standby letters of credit that is comprised of $281 with varying maturity dates that expire no later than September 30, 2025 and $2,303 with the latest maturity date no later than  June 30, 2026.

 

We consider all highly liquid debt investments with original maturities from the date of purchase of three months or less as cash equivalents. Cash equivalents include investments in money market funds. Carrying value of cash equivalents approximates fair value due to the maturities of three months or less.

 

6

 

Our investments in debt securities consist of United States (US) Treasury securities, including Notes, Bonds, and Bills, and US Government Agency securities, which are designated as held-to-maturity (HTM) and stated at amortized cost. The Company has the positive intent and ability to hold these investments to maturity and does not expect to sell any debt securities before maturity to settle an obligation under the Investment Collateral Security agreement. The original maturities of our HTM investments range from three to thirty-six months. HTM debt investments with original maturities of approximately three months or less from the date of purchase are classified within cash and cash equivalents. HTM debt investments with original maturities at the date of purchase greater than approximately three months and remaining maturities of less than one year are classified as short-term investments. HTM debt investments with remaining maturities beyond one year are classified as long-term investments. Interest income, including amortization of premium and accretion of discount, is included on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in Interest income under the effective yield method. Accrued interest is included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Due to the creditworthiness of the entities issuing these securities, there is no impairment recorded related to the unrealized losses.

 

The following table provides the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of our HTM debt securities:

 

  

As of

 

Held-to-maturity debt securities:

 

September 30, 2024

  

December 31, 2023

 

Amortized cost

 $19,043  $15,800 

Gross unrecognized gains

  115    

Gross unrecognized losses

  (12)  (86)

Fair value

 $19,146  $15,714 

 

The following table provides the amortized cost and fair value of debt securities by maturities at September 30, 2024:

 

  

Amortized Cost

  

Fair Value

 

Within one year

 $8,162  $8,160 

After one year through two years

  10,881   10,986 

Total

 $19,043  $19,146 

 

Inventories

 

Inventories consist primarily of equipment constructed for resale and spare parts and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, using the weighted-average cost method. At  September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, inventory included equipment constructed for resale of $197 and $207, respectively, and spare parts, net of reserves, of $244 and $232, respectively. Usage is recorded in cost of sales in the period that parts were issued to a project, used to service equipment, or sold to customers. Equipment constructed for resale that is in process is recorded in Other assets. In process equipment for inventory recorded as Other assets was $597 and $618 as of  September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Inventories are periodically evaluated to identify obsolete or otherwise impaired parts and are written off when management determines usage is not probable. The Company estimates the balance of excess and obsolete inventory by analyzing inventory by age using last used and original purchase date and existing sales pipeline for which the inventory could be used. 

 

Allowance for Credit Losses

 

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, and in November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842). This guidance requires the measurement of all expected losses based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. For trade receivables and other financial instruments, we are required to use a forward-looking expected loss model rather than the incurred loss model for recognizing credit losses which reflects losses that are probable. The Company adopted these ASUs on January 1, 2023 using the prospective method. Application of the amendments did not require a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date and did not have a material impact on our financial statements. 

 

For the general risk categories, the Company uses historical losses over a fixed period, excluding certain write-off activity that was not considered a credit loss event, to determine the historical credit loss. Historical loss rates are then adjusted to consider current economic conditions and past, current, and future events and circumstances when determining expected credit losses. Investments in financial assets issued by US Government and Government Agency are considered as having zero expected credit losses and are excluded from the allowance for credit loss calculation.

 

The following table provides the roll forward of the allowance for credit losses:

 

At January 1, 2023

 $110 

Provision charged to expense

  24 

(Write-offs) / Recoveries

  (23)

At December 31, 2023

 $111 

Provision charged to expense

   

(Write-offs) / Recoveries

  (5)

At September 30, 2024

 $106 

  

7

   
 

3.     Revenue

 

Disaggregated Revenue by Product Technology

 

The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by product technology:

 

  

Three Months Ended

  

Nine Months Ended

 
  

September 30,

  

September 30,

 
  

2024

  

2023

  

2024

  

2023

 

Air Pollution Control

                

Technology solutions

 $2,554  $1,910  $6,837  $7,449 

Spare parts

  424   1,339   1,428   1,938 

Ancillary revenue

  246   462   1,226   1,305 

Total Air Pollution Control technology revenues

  3,224   3,711   9,491   10,692 

FUEL CHEM

                

FUEL CHEM technology solutions

  4,627   4,277   10,359   10,044 

Total Revenues

 $7,851  $7,988  $19,850  $20,736 

 

Disaggregated Revenue by Geography

 

The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by geography, based on the location of the end-user:

 

  

Three Months Ended

  

Nine Months Ended

 
  

September 30,

  

September 30,

 
  

2024

  

2023

  

2024

  

2023

 

United States

 $5,453  $5,640  $13,519  $15,937 

Foreign Revenues

                

Latin America

  208   157   816   310 

Europe

  1,526   1,001   4,070   2,400 

Asia

  664   1,190   1,445   2,089 

Total Foreign Revenues

  2,398   2,348   6,331   4,799 

Total Revenues

 $7,851  $7,988  $19,850  $20,736 

 

Timing of Revenue Recognition

 

The following table presents the timing of our revenue recognition:

 

  

Three Months Ended

  

Nine Months Ended

 
  

September 30,

  

September 30,

 
  

2024

  

2023

  

2024

  

2023

 

Products transferred at a point in time

 $5,297  $6,078  $13,013  $13,287 

Products and services transferred over time

  2,554   1,910   6,837   7,449 

Total Revenues

 $7,851  $7,988  $19,850  $20,736 

 

Contract Balances

 

The timing of revenue recognition, billings, and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables (contract assets), and customer advances and deposits (contract liabilities) on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. In our Air Pollution Control (APC) technology segment, amounts are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms. Generally, billing occurs subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in contract assets. For the FUEL CHEM technology segment, deliveries made in the current period but billed in subsequent periods are also considered contract assets. These assets are reported on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. At September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, contract assets for APC technology projects were approximately $2,839, $2,285, and $3,082, respectively. There were no contract assets for the FUEL CHEM technology segment as of  September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022.  

 

The Company will periodically bill in advance of costs incurred before revenue is recognized, resulting in contract liabilities. These liabilities are reported on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. Contract liabilities were $775, $1,279, and $372 at September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, and are included in other accrued liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 

8

 

Changes in the contract asset and liability balances during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024 were not materially impacted by any other items other than amounts billed and revenue recognized as described previously. Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period was $20 and $1,241 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $0 and $368 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, which represented revenue from progress towards completion of our APC technology contracts.

 

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had no construction contracts in progress that were identified as a loss contract. 

 

Remaining Performance Obligations

 

Remaining performance obligations represents the transaction price of APC technology booked orders for which work has not been performed. As of September 30, 2024, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $6,444. The Company expects to recognize revenue on approximately $4,592 of the remaining performance obligations over the next 12 months with the remaining recognized thereafter. 

 

Accounts Receivable

 

The components of accounts receivable are as follows:

 

  

As of

 
  

September 30, 2024

  

December 31, 2023

 

Trade receivables

 $4,432  $4,300 

Unbilled receivables

  2,839   2,285 

Receivable for employee retention credit

  1,677    

Other short-term receivables

  360   255 

Allowance for credit losses

  (106)  (111)

Total accounts receivable

 $9,202  $6,729 

 

 

4.     Restructuring Activities

 

On January 18, 2019, the Company announced a planned suspension of its APC business operation in China. This action was part of Fuel Tech’s ongoing operational improvement initiatives designed to prioritize resource allocation, reduce costs, and drive profitability for the Company on a global basis. The transition associated with the suspension of the APC business which has taken place through September 30, 2024 includes staff rationalization and reduction, supplier and partner engagement, and the monetization of certain assets. The remaining transition activities include the execution of the activities to satisfy the requirements for the remaining APC projects in China (with a backlog totaling approximately $3) and those related to subsidiary closure.

 

The following table presents our revenues and net loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 in China as follows:

 

  

Three Months Ended

  

Nine Months Ended

 
  

September 30,

  

September 30,

 
  

2024

  

2023

  

2024

  

2023

 

Total revenues

 $  $  $  $2 

Net loss

  (13)  (17)  (41)  (36)

 

The following table presents net assets in China as of  September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

 

  

As of

 
  

September 30, 2024

  

December 31, 2023

 

Total assets

 $829  $846 

Total liabilities

  92   67 

Total net assets

 $737  $779 

 

Total assets primarily consist of cash and other receivables. Total liabilities consist of accounts payable and certain accrued liabilities.

 

 

5.     Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

 

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component were as follows:

 

   

Three Months Ended

   

Nine Months Ended

 
   

September 30,

   

September 30,

 
   

2024

   

2023

   

2024

   

2023

 

Foreign currency translation

                               

Balance at beginning of period

  $ (1,886 )   $ (1,690 )   $ (1,748 )   $ (1,728 )

Other comprehensive income (loss):

                               

Foreign currency translation adjustments (1)

    106       (122 )     (32 )     (84 )

Total accumulated other comprehensive loss

  $ (1,780 )   $ (1,812 )   $ (1,780 )   $ (1,812 )

 

(1)

In all periods presented, there were no tax impacts related to rate changes and no amounts were reclassified to earnings.

 

9

 
 

6.     Treasury Stock

 

Common stock held in treasury totaled 1,059,056 and 976,006 with a cost of $2,346 and $2,251 at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.  These shares were withheld from employees to settle personal tax withholding obligations that arose as a result of restricted stock units that vested.

 

 

7.     Earnings per Share

 

Basic earnings per share excludes the dilutive effects of stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), warrants, and the nil coupon non-redeemable convertible unsecured loan notes. Diluted earnings per share includes the dilutive effect of the nil coupon non-redeemable convertible unsecured loan notes, RSUs, warrants, and unexercised in-the-money stock options, except in periods of net loss where the effect of these instruments is anti-dilutive. Out-of-money stock options and warrants are excluded from diluted earnings per share because they are unlikely to be exercised and would be anti-dilutive if they were exercised. For the three months ended  September 30, 2024 and 2023, basic earnings per share has been adjusted to include dilutive options and RSUs. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, basic earnings per share is equal to diluted earnings per share because all outstanding stock awards, warrants, and convertible loan notes are considered anti-dilutive during periods of net loss. 

 

The following table sets forth the weighted-average shares used in calculating the earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

 

  

Three Months Ended

  

Nine Months Ended

 
  

September 30,

  

September 30,

 
  

2024

  

2023

  

2024

  

2023

 

Basic weighted-average shares

  30,708,000   30,385,000   30,526,000   30,336,000 

Unexercised options and unvested RSUs

  140,000   242,000       

Diluted weighted-average shares

  30,848,000   30,627,000   30,526,000   30,336,000 

 

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, Fuel Tech had weighted-average outstanding equity awards of 132,000 and 283,700, respectively, and warrants of 2,850,000 in both periods, which were antidilutive or represent out-of-the-money options for the purpose of the calculation of diluted earnings per share. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, Fuel Tech had 279,000 incremental equity awards that were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share as the inclusion of such would have been anti-dilutive due to a net loss in the period. These equity awards could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in future years. 

 

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, Fuel Tech had weighted-average outstanding equity awards of 246,500 and 382,200, respectively, and warrants of 2,850,000 in both periods, which were antidilutive or represent out-of-the-money options for the purpose of the calculation of diluted earnings per share. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, Fuel Tech had incremental equity awards of 250,500 that were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share as the inclusion of such would have been anti-dilutive due to a net loss in the period. These equity awards could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in future years.

 

 

8.     Stock-Based Compensation

 

Fuel Tech's 2024 Long-Term Incentive Plan (2024 Plan) was adopted in June 2024 and replaced our prior incentive plan which was approved by our stockholders in 2014 (LTIP). No further grants will be made from the LTIP. The 2024 Plan and LTIP are referred to collectively as the Incentive Plans.

 

Under the Incentive Plans, awards may be granted to participants in the form of Non-Qualified Stock Options, Incentive Stock Options, Stock Appreciation Rights, Restricted Stock, RSUs, Performance Awards, Bonuses or other forms of share-based or non-share-based awards or combinations thereof. Participants in the Incentive Plans may be our directors, officers, employees, consultants, or advisors (except consultants or advisors in capital-raising transactions) as the directors determine are key to the success of our business. There are a maximum of 2,600,000 shares that may be issued or reserved for awards to participants under the Incentive Plans. As of September 30, 2024, Fuel Tech had 2,600,000 shares available for issuance under the Incentive Plans.

 

We did not record any excess tax benefits within income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Given the Company has a full valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets, there were no excess tax benefits to record for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. In addition, we account for forfeitures of awards based on an estimate of the number of awards expected to be forfeited and adjust the estimate when it is no longer probable that the employee will fulfill the service condition.

    

Stock-based compensation is included in selling, general, and administrative costs in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The components of stock-based compensation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

 

  

Three Months Ended

  

Nine Months Ended

 
  

September 30,

  

September 30,

 
  

2024

  

2023

  

2024

  

2023

 

Stock options and restricted stock units, net of forfeitures

 $109  $101  $337  $288 

After-tax effect of stock-based compensation

 $109  $101  $337  $288 

 

Stock Options

 

Stock options granted to employees under the Incentive Plans have a 10-year life and they vest as follows: 50% after the second anniversary of the award date, 25% after the third anniversary, and the final 25% after the fourth anniversary of the award date. Fuel Tech calculates stock compensation expense for employee option awards based on the grant date fair value of the award, less expected annual forfeitures, and recognizes expense on a straight-line basis over the four-year service period of the award. Stock options granted to members of our board of directors vest immediately. Stock compensation for these awards is based on the grant date fair value of the award and is recognized in expense immediately.

 

Fuel Tech uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the grant date fair value of employee stock options. The principal variable assumptions utilized in valuing options and the methodology for estimating such model inputs include: (1) risk-free interest rate – an estimate based on the yield of zero–coupon treasury securities with a maturity equal to the expected life of the option; (2) expected volatility – an estimate based on the historical volatility of Fuel Tech’s Common Stock for a period equal to the expected life of the option; and (3) expected life of the option – an estimate based on historical experience including the effect of employee terminations.

 

10

 

Stock option activity for Fuel Tech’s Incentive Plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was as follows:

 

          

Weighted- Average

     
  

Number

  

Weighted-

  

Remaining

  

Aggregate

 
  

of

  

Average

  

Contractual

  

Intrinsic

 
  

Options

  

Exercise Price

  

Term

  

Value

 

Outstanding on January 1, 2024

  270,500  $3.09         

Granted

              

Exercised

              

Expired or forfeited

  (94,500)  5.22         

Outstanding on September 30, 2024

  176,000  $1.94   1.43  $4 

Exercisable on September 30, 2024

  176,000  $1.94   1.43  $4 

 

As of September 30, 2024, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options granted under the Incentive Plans.

 

Restricted Stock Units

 

RSUs granted to employees vest over time based on continued service (typically vesting over a period between two to four years), and RSUs granted to directors vest after a one year vesting period based on continued service. Such time-vested RSUs are valued at the date of grant based on the closing price of the Common Shares on the grant date. Compensation cost, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, is amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. 

 

In addition to the time vested RSUs, the Company entered into an Executive Performance RSU Award Agreement (the “Agreement”) with certain officers, including its President and Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President, Sales (each a “2024 Participating Executive”) pursuant to which each 2024 Participating Executive will have the opportunity to earn a specified amount of restricted stock units (RSUs) based on Fuel Tech’s performance in 2024. The target amount of RSUs for each of four possible RSU award components is set for each Participating Executive for 2024. The amount of actual RSU awards to be issued is contingent on performance by the Participating Executive and the Company in the performance areas and for the measurement periods set forth in the Agreement as determined by the Company.

 

The Agreement provides for four possible RSU awards: “Look-Back RSUs,” “Total Revenue RSUs,” “New Business Growth RSUs,” and “Operating Income Growth” RSUs. If the Look-Back RSU’s are awarded, these RSUs will follow a vesting schedule that provides for vesting of one-third of the granted Look-Back RSUs after the first anniversary of the grant determination date, one-third after the second anniversary date and one-third after the third anniversary date. If the Total Revenue RSUs, New Business Growth RSUs, or Operating Income Growth RSUs targets are achieved, these RSU’s will follow a vesting schedule whereby 100% of the granted RSUs will vest one year following the grant determination date. All RSUs are valued at the date of grant based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date.

 

At  September 30, 2024, there is $972 of unrecognized compensation cost related to all non-vested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the Incentive Plan. That cost is expected to be recognized over the remaining requisite service period of 1.38 years.

 

A summary of restricted stock unit activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 is as follows:

 

      

Weighted Average

 
      

Grant Date

 
  

Shares

  

Fair Value

 

Unvested restricted stock units at January 1, 2024

  1,762,248  $1.29 

Granted

  151,000   1.09 

Vested

  (406,026)  1.14 

Forfeited

  (425,100)  1.26 

Unvested restricted stock units at September 30, 2024

  1,082,122  $1.26 

 

The fair value of restricted stock that vested during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024 was $462.

 

Deferred Directors Fees

 

In addition to the Incentive Plans, Fuel Tech has a Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors (Deferred Plan). Under the terms of the Deferred Plan, Directors can elect to defer Directors’ fees for shares of Fuel Tech Common Stock that are issuable at a future date as defined in the agreement. In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 718, Fuel Tech accounts for these awards as equity awards as opposed to liability awards. During the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, Fuel Tech recorded no stock-based compensation expense under the Deferred Plan.

 

 

9.      Warrants

 

The following table summarizes information about warrants outstanding and exercisable at September 30, 2024:

 

Exercise Price  Number Outstanding/Exercisable  Weighted Average Remaining Life in Years  Weighted Average Exercise Price 
$5.10   2,500,000  1.87  $5.10 
$6.45   350,000  1.87  $6.45 
     2,850,000        

 

11

 
 

10.     Debt Financing

 

On June 30, 2022, the Company entered into an Investment Collateral Security agreement to use for the sole purpose of issuing standby letters of credit that replaces the former Cash Collateral agreement with BMO Harris. The Investment Collateral Security agreement requires us to pledge our investments as collateral for 150% of the aggregate face amount of outstanding standby letters of credit. The Company pays 250 basis points on the face values of outstanding letters of credit. There are no financial covenants set forth in the Investment Collateral Security agreement. At September 30, 2024, the Company had outstanding standby letters of credit totaling approximately $1,722 under the Investment Collateral Security agreement. At September 30, 2024, the investments held as collateral totaled $2,584. Fuel Tech is committed to reimbursing the issuing bank for any payments made by the bank under these instruments.

 

 

11.     Business Segment and Geographic Financial Data

 

Business Segment Financial Data

We segregate our financial results into two reportable segments representing two broad technology segments as follows:

 

 

The Air Pollution Control technology segment includes technologies to reduce NOx emissions in flue gas generated by the firing of natural gas or coal from boilers, incinerators, furnaces, and other stationary combustion sources. These include Over-Fire Air systems, NOxOUT® and HERT™ Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction systems, and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems. Our SCR systems can also include Ammonia Injection Grid, and Graduated Straightening Grid GSG™ systems to provide high NOx reductions at significantly lower capital and operating costs than conventional SCR systems. ULTRA® technology creates ammonia at a plant site using safe urea for use with any SCR application. Electrostatic Precipitator technologies make use of electrostatic precipitator products and services to reduce particulate matter. Flue Gas Conditioning systems are chemical injection systems offered in markets outside the U.S. and Canada to enhance electrostatic precipitator and fabric filter performance in controlling particulate emissions.

 

 

The FUEL CHEM® technology segment, which uses chemical processes in combination with advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics and Chemical Kinetics Modeling boiler modeling, for the control of slagging, fouling, corrosion, opacity and other sulfur trioxide-related issues in furnaces and boilers through the addition of chemicals into the furnace using TIFI® Targeted In-Furnace Injection™ technology.

 

The “Other” classification includes those profit and loss items not allocated to either reportable segment. There are no inter-segment sales that require elimination.

 

We evaluate performance and allocate resources based on reviewing gross margin by reportable segment. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies (Note 1 in our annual report on Form 10-K). We do not review assets by reportable segment, but rather, in aggregate for the Company as a whole.

 

Information about reporting segment net sales and gross margin from operations is provided below:

 

   

Air Pollution

   

FUEL CHEM

                 

Three months ended September 30, 2024

 

Control Segment

   

Segment

   

Other

   

Total

 

Revenues from external customers

  $ 3,224     $ 4,627     $     $ 7,851  

Cost of sales

    (2,095 )     (2,349 )           (4,444 )

Gross margin

    1,129       2,278             3,407  

Selling, general and administrative

                (3,225 )     (3,225 )

Research and development

                (361 )     (361 )

Operating income (loss) from operations

  $ 1,129     $ 2,278     $ (3,586 )   $ (179 )

 

   

Air Pollution

   

FUEL CHEM

                 

Three months ended September 30, 2023

 

Control Segment

   

Segment

   

Other

   

Total

 

Revenues from external customers

  $ 3,711     $ 4,277     $     $ 7,988  

Cost of sales

    (2,214 )     (2,162 )           (4,376 )

Gross margin

    1,497       2,115             3,612  

Selling, general and administrative

                (2,966 )     (2,966 )

Research and development

                (513 )     (513 )

Operating income (loss) from operations

  $ 1,497     $ 2,115     $ (3,479 )   $ 133  

 

   

Air Pollution

   

FUEL CHEM

                 

Nine months ended September 30, 2024

 

Control Segment

   

Segment

   

Other

   

Total

 

Revenues from external customers

  $ 9,491     $ 10,359     $     $ 19,850  

Cost of sales

    (5,927 )     (5,535 )           (11,462 )

Gross margin

    3,564       4,824             8,388  

Selling, general and administrative

                (9,815 )     (9,815 )

Research and development

                (1,159 )     (1,159 )

Operating income (loss) from operations

  $ 3,564     $ 4,824     $ (10,974 )   $ (2,586 )

 

12

 
   

Air Pollution

   

FUEL CHEM

                 

Nine months ended September 30, 2023

 

Control Segment

   

Segment

   

Other

   

Total

 

Revenues from external customers

  $ 10,692     $ 10,044     $     $ 20,736  

Cost of sales

    (7,155 )     (5,168 )           (12,323 )

Gross margin

    3,537       4,876             8,413  

Selling, general and administrative

                (9,126 )     (9,126 )

Research and development

                (1,144 )     (1,144 )

Operating income (loss) from operations

  $ 3,537     $ 4,876     $ (10,270 )   $ (1,857 )

 

Geographic Segment Financial Data

 

Information concerning our operations by geographic area is provided below. Revenues are attributed to countries based on the location of the end-user. Assets are those directly associated with operations of the geographic area.

 

   

Three Months Ended

   

Nine Months Ended

 
   

September 30,

   

September 30,

 
   

2024

   

2023

   

2024

   

2023

 

Revenues:

                               

United States

  $ 5,453     $ 5,640     $ 13,519     $ 15,937  

Foreign

    2,398       2,348       6,331       4,799  
    $ 7,851     $ 7,988     $ 19,850     $ 20,736  

 

   

September 30,

   

December 31,

 
   

2024

   

2023

 

Assets:

               

United States

  $ 45,789     $ 46,487  

Foreign

    4,328       3,901  
    $ 50,117     $ 50,388  

 

 

12.     Accrued Liabilities

 

The components of other accrued liabilities are as follows:

 

   

As of

 
   

September 30, 2024

   

December 31, 2023

 

Contract liabilities (Note 3)

  $ 775     $ 1,279  

Warranty reserve (Note 13)

    159       159  

Accrued professional fees

    55       101  

Deferred revenue

    48       103  

Other accrued liabilities

    167       292  

Total other accrued liabilities

  $ 1,204     $ 1,934  

 

 

13.     Commitments and Contingencies

 

Fuel Tech is subject to various claims and contingencies related to, among other things, workers compensation, general liability (including product liability), and lawsuits. The Company records liabilities where a contingent loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated. If the reasonable estimate of a probable loss is a range, the Company records the most probable estimate of the loss or the minimum amount when no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount. The Company discloses a contingent liability even if the liability is not probable or the amount is not estimable, or both, if there is a reasonable possibility that a material loss may have been incurred.

 

13

 

From time to time we are involved in litigation with respect to matters arising from the ordinary conduct of our business. In the opinion of management, based upon presently available information, either adequate provision for anticipated costs have been accrued or the ultimate anticipated costs will not materially affect our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. We do not believe we have any pending loss contingencies that are probable or reasonably possible of having a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

 

Fuel Tech issues a standard product warranty with the sale of its products to customers. Our recognition of warranty liability is based primarily on analyses of warranty claims experienced in the preceding years as the nature of our historical product sales for which we offer a warranty are substantially unchanged. This approach provides an aggregate warranty accrual that is historically aligned with actual warranty claims experienced.

 

There was no change in the warranty liability balance included in the other accrued liabilities line of the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. The warranty liability balance was $159 at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

 

 

14.     Income Taxes

 

The Company’s effective tax rate is approximately 42.9% and 0.0% for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company's effective tax rate differs from the statutory federal tax rate of 21% for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 primarily due to a full valuation allowance recorded on our United States, China and Italy deferred tax assets since we cannot anticipate when or if we will have sufficient taxable income to utilize the deferred tax assets in the future. Further, our effective tax rate differs from the statutory federal tax rate due to state taxes, differences between U.S. and foreign tax rates, foreign losses incurred with no related tax benefit, non-deductible commissions, and non-deductible meals and entertainment expenses for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

 

Fuel Tech had no unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

 

14

 
 

FUEL TECH, INC.

 

Item 2.          Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations     

 

Overview

 

In the third quarter of 2024, the Company continued to successfully execute on APC segment projects despite customer driven delays in project execution. The Company continued to see improved performance in the FUEL CHEM segment. We continue to invest in development of new technologies to expand our product offerings into the water and waste-water treatment market. Our capital resources are sufficient for our immediate and longer-term needs, and we continue to enjoy the services and support of a dedicated workforce. We expect that our cost control efforts will maintain our existing levels of operating expenditures and that new business opportunities will lead to an improved market outlook.

 

Key Operating Factors

 

Our FUEL CHEM segment experienced an increase in revenue and segment operating profits in the current quarter as compared to 2023. The FUEL CHEM segment was positively impacted by dispatch related increases in operational demand from our client base and to the addition of new business in the current quarter as compared to 2023.

 

Our Air Pollution Control (APC) business experienced a decrease in revenue in the current quarter as compared to 2023, primarily due to customer driven delays in project execution. We are encouraged by the depth of our business development activities, which reflects an increased focus on global emissions protocols across a variety of fuel sources. We continue to experience a challenging operational environment resulting from customers delaying the timing of purchasing decisions.  Our Consolidated APC backlog at September 30, 2024 was $6,444 and our global sales pipeline is in the $50 -75 million range.

 

Results of Operations

 

Revenues

 

Revenues for the three-month periods ending September 30, 2024 and 2023 were $7,851 and $7,988, respectively, representing a decrease of $137, or 2%, versus the same period last year. Revenues for the nine-month periods ending September 30, 2024 and 2023 were $19,850 and $20,736, respectively, representing a decrease of $886, or 4%, versus the same period last year.

 

The APC technology segment generated revenues of $3,224 for the three-month period ended September 30, 2024, representing a decrease of $487, or 13%, from the prior year amount of $3,711. The APC technology segment generated revenues of $9,491 for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024, representing a decrease of $1,201, or 11%, from the prior year amount of $10,692. This decrease in APC revenue was primarily related to timing of project execution on existing contracts. Consolidated APC backlog at September 30, 2024 was $6,444 versus backlog at December 31, 2023 of $7,458. Our current backlog consists of U.S. domestic delivered projects totaling $1,142 and international delivered projects totaling $5,302

 

The FUEL CHEM technology segment generated revenues of $4,627 and $4,277 for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, representing an increase of $350, or 8%. The FUEL CHEM technology segment generated revenues of $10,359 and $10,044 for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, representing an increase of $315, or 3%. This increase in FUEL CHEM revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in the prior year was primarily due to outage completions and increased dispatch.

 

Cost of sales and gross margin

 

Consolidated gross margin percentage for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was 43% and 45%, respectively. For the three-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 the FUEL CHEM operating segment gross margins remained steady at 49%. APC segment gross margin decreased to 35% from 40% primarily due to product and project mix. 

 

Consolidated gross margin percentage for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was 42% and 41%, respectively. Gross margin increased versus the comparable period in 2023 due to an increase in the APC operating segment gross margin partially offset by a decrease in FUEL CHEM operating segment gross margin. For the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 the FUEL CHEM operating segment gross margins decreased to 47% from 49% primarily as a result of prior period reduced revenue performance and start-up costs attributed to a new account. APC segment gross margin increased to 38% from 33% primarily due to product and project mix. 

 

Selling, general and administrative

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses (SG&A) were $3,225 and $2,966 for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. For the three-month period ended September 30, 2024 the increase of $259 is primarily the result of increases in employee compensation and benefit related costs of $163, professional and service fees of $120, and travel costs of $26, partially offset by decreases in international administrative expenses of $19, depreciation expense of $17, and insurance costs of $14. For the three-month periods ending September 30, 2024 and 2023, SG&A as a percentage of revenues increased to 41% from 37%. The increase versus the comparable period is primarily due to the increase in expenses compared to prior quarter.

 

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses (SG&A) were $9,815 and $9,126 for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024 the increase of $689 is primarily the result of increases in employee compensation and benefit related costs of $488, professional and service fees of $147, travel costs of $42, and space rental costs of $38, partially offset by a decrease in insurance costs of $27. For the nine-month periods ending September 30, 2024 and 2023, SG&A as a percentage of revenues increased to 49% from 44%. The increase versus the comparable period is primarily due to the increase in expenses compared to the prior year.

 

Research and development

 

Research and development expenses were $361 and $1,159 respectively for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024, and for the same periods in 2023 were $513 and $1,144, respectively. The expenditures in our research and development expenses are focused on new product development efforts in the pursuit of commercial applications for technologies outside of our traditional markets, and in the development and analysis of new technologies that could represent incremental market opportunities. This includes water treatment technologies and more specifically, our DGI® Dissolved Gas Infusion Systems, an innovative alternative to current aeration technology. This infusion process has a variety of applications in the water and wastewater industries, including remediation, treatment, biological activity, and wastewater odor management. DGI® technology benefits include reduced energy consumption, installation costs, and operating costs, while improving treatment performance.

 

Interest income

 

Interest income was $323 for the three-month period ended September 30, 2024 compared to $322 for the same period in 2023. Interest income was $968 for both the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023. Interest income primarily relates to interest received on the held-to-maturity debt securities and money market funds.

 

Other income (expense), net

 

Other expense, net was $63 for the three-month period ended September 30, 2024 compared to Other income, net of $9 for the same period in 2023. Other income, net was $1,576 for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024 compared to Other expense, net of $95 for the same period in 2023. Other income in 2024 primarily relates to the employee retention credit of $1,677 recorded in the first quarter of 2024. Other expense in 2023 was mainly due to transactional foreign exchange losses. 

 

Liquidity and Sources of Capital

 

We have losses from operations during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024 totaling $2,586. Our cash used in operations for this same period totaled $1,785

 

Our cash and cash equivalent balance as of September 30, 2024 totaled $12,274, which includes $2,452 of cash equivalents, and our working capital totaled $25,602. We have no outstanding debt other than our outstanding letters of credit, under our Investment Collateral Security agreement with BMO Harris Bank, N.A. (the Investment Collateral Security agreement), which does not have any financial covenants. We expect to continue operating under this arrangement for the foreseeable future. 

 

Operating activities used cash of $1,785 for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to an increase in accounts receivable of $2,522 (including the impact of $1,677 for the employee retention credit receivable) and a decrease in accrued expenses and other current liabilities of $1,215, offset by an increase in accounts payable of $842, a decrease in prepaid expenses, other current assets, and other non-current assets of $655, and removals of non-cash items from our net income from continuing operations of stock-based compensation of $337, depreciation and amortization of $290, and interest income on held-to-maturity securities of $108.

 

Operating activities provided cash of $391 for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to an increase in other liabilities of $520 due to timing of project related activity, a decrease in other current assets of $363, an increase in accounts payable of $172 due to timing of project related activity, and removals of non-cash items from our net loss from continuing operations for depreciation and amortization of $293 and stock-based compensation of $288.

 

Investing activities used cash of $3,388 and $10,227 for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Investing activities for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 primarily consisted of purchases of debt securities as investments of $14,072 and $14,026, respectively. Investing activities for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were funded by the maturities of debt securities of $11,000 and $4,000, respectively.

 

Financing activities used cash of $95 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 due to taxes paid on behalf of the equity award participants on the vesting of restricted stock units. Financing activities provided cash of $42 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 due to proceeds from the exercise of stock options.

 

We continue to monitor our liquidity needs and in response to our recent periods of declines in revenue and net losses have taken measures to reduce expenses and restructure operations which we feel are necessary to ensure we maintain sufficient working capital and liquidity to operate the business and invest in our future. We have evaluated our ongoing business needs and considered the cash requirements of our base business of Air Pollution Control and FUEL CHEM. This evaluation included consideration of the following: a) customer and revenue trends in our APC and FUEL CHEM business segments, b) current operating structure and expenditure levels, and c) other research and development initiatives. Based on this analysis, management believes that currently we have sufficient cash and working capital to operate our base APC and FUEL CHEM businesses. We believe our current cash position and net cash flows expected to be generated from operations are adequate to fund planned operations of the Company for the next 12 months.

 

 

We expect additional capital expenditures in 2024 for the DGI business, maintenance of field equipment, computer and systems, and general office equipment. We expect to fund our capital expenditures with cash from operations or cash on hand.

 

In 2022, the Board of Directors approved an investment plan that would hold $20,000 in funds at BMO Harris Bank (BMO Harris) to be invested in held-to-maturity debt securities of United States (US) Treasuries, including Notes, Bonds, and Bills, or US Government Agency securities. The funds are held in money market funds until they are invested in those securities. The investments are structured to create a maturity “ladder” where the proceeds from maturities are re-invested to maintain a balance of short- and long-term investments based on expected business needs. Maturities are between three and thirty-six months. This strategy allows the Company to provide returns on excess cash, while managing liquidity and minimizing exposure to interest rate fluctuations.

 

On June 30, 2022, the Company entered into the Investment Collateral Security agreement to use for the sole purpose of issuing standby letters of credit, which replaces the Cash Collateral Security agreement with BMO Harris Bank, N.A. (the Former Collateral agreement). The Investment Collateral Security agreement requires us to pledge our investments as collateral for 150% of the aggregate face amount of outstanding standby letters of credit. The Company pays 250 basis points on the face values of outstanding letters of credit. There are no financial covenants set forth in the Investment Collateral Security agreement. At September 30, 2024, the Company had outstanding standby letters of credit totaling approximately $1,722 under the Investment Collateral Security agreement. At September 30, 2024, the investments held as collateral totaled $2,584. Fuel Tech is committed to reimbursing the issuing bank for any payments made by the bank under these instruments.

 

Contingencies and Contractual Obligations

 

Fuel Tech issues a standard product warranty with the sale of its products to customers as discussed in Note 13. There was no change in the warranty liability balance during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

 

Forward-Looking Statements

 

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements,” as defined in Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and reflect Fuel Tech’s current expectations regarding future growth, results of operations, cash flows, performance and business prospects, and opportunities, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, our management. Fuel Tech has tried to identify forward-looking statements by using words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “plan,” “expect,” “estimate,” “intend,” “will,” and similar expressions, but these words are not the exclusive means of identifying forward-looking statements. These statements are based on information currently available to Fuel Tech and are subject to various risks, uncertainties, and other factors, including, but not limited to, those discussed in Fuel Tech’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 in Item 1A under the caption “Risk Factors,” which could cause Fuel Tech’s actual growth, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, performance and business prospects and opportunities to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these statements. Fuel Tech undertakes no obligation to update such factors or to publicly announce the results of any of the forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect future events, developments, or changed circumstances or for any other reason. Investors are cautioned that all forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, including those detailed in Fuel Tech’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

Item 3.          Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

 

Fuel Tech’s earnings and cash flow are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. We do not enter into foreign currency forward contracts nor into foreign currency option contracts to manage this risk due to the immaterial nature of the transactions involved.

 

Item 4.          Controls and Procedures

 

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

Fuel Tech maintains disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls designed to ensure (a) that information required to be disclosed in Fuel Tech’s filings under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and (b) that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the principal executive and financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Fuel Tech’s Chief Executive Officer and principal financial officer have evaluated the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a – 15(e) and 15d -15(e) of the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this report, and they have concluded that these controls and procedures are effective.

 

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

There has been no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the quarter covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting.

 

 

 

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

 

 

Item 1.     Legal Proceedings

 

We are from time to time involved in litigation incidental to our business. We are not currently involved in any litigation in which we believe an adverse outcome would have a material effect on our business, financial conditions, results of operations, or prospects.

 

Item 1A.   Risk Factors

 

The risk factors included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 have not materially changed.

 

Item 2.      Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

 

None

 

Item 6.     Exhibits

 

a.

Exhibits (all filed herewith)

 

31.1

Certification of CEO pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 

31.2

Certification of principal financial officer pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 

32

Certification of CEO and principal financial officer pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 

101.1

Inline INSXBRL Instance Document - The Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its Inline XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

 

101.2

Inline SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

 

101.3

Inline CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

 

101.4

Inline DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

 

101.5

Inline LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

 

101.6

Inline PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Prevention Linkbase Document

  104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

 

 

FUEL TECH, INC.

 

Signatures

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

 

Date: November 6, 2024

By:

/s/ Vincent J. Arnone

   

Vincent J. Arnone

   

President and Chief Executive Officer

   

(Principal Executive Officer)

 

 

 

Date: November 6, 2024

By:

/s/ Ellen T. Albrecht

   

Ellen T. Albrecht

    Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
   

(Principal Financial Officer)

 

19

Exhibit 31.1

 

I, Vincent J. Arnone, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Fuel Tech, Inc.;

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 (e) and 15d-15 (e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

 

 

Date: November 6, 2024

By:

/s/ Vincent J. Arnone

 

 

Vincent J. Arnone

 

 

President and Chief Executive Officer

 

 

(Principal Executive Officer)

 

 

Exhibit 31.2

 

I, Ellen T. Albrecht, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Fuel Tech, Inc.;

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 (e) and 15d-15 (e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

 

 

Date: November 6, 2024

By:

/s/ Ellen T. Albrecht

 

 

Ellen T. Albrecht

 

 

Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

 

 

(Principal Financial Officer)

 

 

Exhibit 32

 

The undersigned in their capacities as Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer of the Registrant do hereby certify that:

 

(i) this report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

 

(ii) information contained in the report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in the report.

 

 

Date: November 6, 2024

By:

/s/ Vincent J. Arnone

 

 

Vincent J. Arnone

 

 

President and Chief Executive Officer

 

 

(Principal Executive Officer)

 
     
Date: November 6, 2024

By:

/s/ Ellen T. Albrecht

 

 

Ellen T. Albrecht

 

 

Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

 

 

(Principal Financial Officer)

 

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Act”) this certification accompanies the Report and shall not, except to the extent required by the Act, be deemed filed by the Registrant for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to Fuel Tech, Inc. and will be retained by Fuel Tech, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

 

 
v3.24.3
Document And Entity Information - shares
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Oct. 31, 2024
Document Information [Line Items]    
Entity Central Index Key 0000846913  
Entity Registrant Name FUEL TECH, INC.  
Amendment Flag false  
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31  
Document Fiscal Period Focus Q3  
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2024  
Document Type 10-Q  
Document Quarterly Report true  
Document Period End Date Sep. 30, 2024  
Document Transition Report false  
Entity File Number 001-33059  
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code DE  
Entity Tax Identification Number 20-5657551  
Entity Address, Address Line One 27601 Bella Vista Parkway  
Entity Address, City or Town Warrenville  
Entity Address, State or Province IL  
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 60555-1617  
City Area Code 630  
Local Phone Number 845-4500  
Title of 12(b) Security Common Stock  
Trading Symbol FTEK  
Security Exchange Name NASDAQ  
Entity Current Reporting Status Yes  
Entity Interactive Data Current Yes  
Entity Filer Category Non-accelerated Filer  
Entity Small Business true  
Entity Emerging Growth Company false  
Entity Shell Company false  
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   30,708,273
v3.24.3
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets:    
Cash and cash equivalents $ 12,274 $ 17,578
Short-term investments 8,162 12,136
Accounts receivable, less current expected credit loss of $106 and $111, respectively 9,202 6,729
Inventories, net 441 439
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 838 1,439
Total current assets 30,917 38,321
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $18,926 and $18,703, respectively 4,596 4,539
Goodwill 2,116 2,116
Other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $510 and $468, respectively 327 358
Right-of-use operating lease assets, net 523 609
Long-term investments 10,881 3,664
Other assets 757 781
Total assets 50,117 50,388
Current liabilities:    
Accounts payable 3,271 2,421
Accrued liabilities:    
Operating lease liabilities - current 81 81
Employee compensation 759 1,252
Other accrued liabilities 1,204 1,934
Total current liabilities 5,315 5,688
Operating lease liabilities - non-current 480 533
Deferred income taxes, net 172 172
Other liabilities 286 281
Total liabilities 6,253 6,674
Stockholders’ equity:    
Common stock, $.01 par value, 40,000,000 shares authorized, 31,767,329 and 31,361,303 shares issued, and 30,708,273 and 30,385,297 shares outstanding, respectively 317 313
Additional paid-in capital 165,186 164,853
Accumulated deficit (117,589) (117,529)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (1,780) (1,748)
Nil coupon perpetual loan notes 76 76
Treasury stock, at cost (2,346) (2,251)
Total stockholders’ equity 43,864 43,714
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 50,117 $ 50,388
v3.24.3
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Allowance for credit losses $ 106 $ 111
Accumulated depreciation 18,926 18,703
Accumulated amortization $ 510 $ 468
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) $ 0.01 $ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares) 40,000,000 40,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares) 31,767,329 31,361,303
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares) 30,708,273 30,385,297
v3.24.3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Revenues $ 7,851 $ 7,988 $ 19,850 $ 20,736
Costs and expenses:        
Cost of sales 4,444 4,376 11,462 12,323
Selling, general and administrative 3,225 2,966 9,815 9,126
Research and development 361 513 1,159 1,144
Costs and Expenses 8,030 7,855 22,436 22,593
Operating (loss) income (179) 133 (2,586) (1,857)
Interest expense 0 (5) 0 (15)
Interest income 323 322 968 968
Other (expense) income, net (63) 9 1,576 (95)
Income (loss) before income taxes 81 459 (42) (999)
Income tax expense (1) 0 (18) 0
Net income (loss) $ 80 $ 459 $ (60) $ (999)
Net income (loss) per common share:        
Basic net income (loss) per common share (in dollars per share) $ 0 $ 0.02 $ (0) $ (0.03)
Diluted net income (loss) per common share (in dollars per share) $ 0 $ 0.01 $ (0) $ (0.03)
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:        
Basic (in shares) 30,708,000 30,385,000 30,526,000 30,336,000
Diluted (in shares) 30,848,000 30,627,000 30,526,000 30,336,000
v3.24.3
Condensed Consolidated Statements Of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Net loss $ 80 $ 459 $ (60) $ (999)
Other comprehensive income (loss):        
Foreign currency translation adjustments 106 (122) (32) (84)
Comprehensive income (loss) $ 186 $ 337 $ (92) $ (1,083)
v3.24.3
Condensed Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Common Stock Outstanding [Member]
Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]
Retained Earnings [Member]
AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]
Nil Coupon Perpetual Loan Notes [Member]
Treasury Stock, Common [Member]
Total
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022 30,296,000            
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022 $ 313 $ 164,422 $ (115,991) $ (1,728) $ 76 $ (2,251) $ 44,841
Net income (loss) 0 0 (414) 0 0 0 (414)
Foreign currency translation adjustments 0 0 0 86 0 0 86
Stock compensation expense $ 0 89 0 0 0 0 89
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023 30,296,000            
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023 $ 313 164,511 (116,405) (1,642) 76 (2,251) 44,602
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022 30,296,000            
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022 $ 313 164,422 (115,991) (1,728) 76 (2,251) 44,841
Net income (loss)             (999)
Foreign currency translation adjustments             (84)
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023 30,385,000            
Balance at Sep. 30, 2023 $ 313 164,752 (116,990) (1,812) 76 (2,251) 44,088
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023 30,296,000            
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023 $ 313 164,511 (116,405) (1,642) 76 (2,251) 44,602
Net income (loss) 0 0 (1,044) 0 0 0 (1,044)
Foreign currency translation adjustments 0 0 0 (48) 0 0 (48)
Stock compensation expense $ 0 98 0 0 0 0 98
Exercise of stock options (in shares) 44,000            
Exercise of stock options $ 0 42 0 0 0 0 42
Common shares issued upon vesting of restricted stock units (in shares) 45,000            
Common shares issued upon vesting of restricted stock units $ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023 30,385,000            
Balance at Jun. 30, 2023 $ 313 164,651 (117,449) (1,690) 76 (2,251) 43,650
Net income (loss) 0 0 459 0 0 0 459
Foreign currency translation adjustments 0 0 0 (122) 0 0 (122)
Stock compensation expense $ 0 101 0 0 0 0 101
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023 30,385,000            
Balance at Sep. 30, 2023 $ 313 164,752 (116,990) (1,812) 76 (2,251) 44,088
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023 30,385,000            
Balance at Dec. 31, 2023 $ 313 164,853 (117,529) (1,748) 76 (2,251) 43,714
Net income (loss) 0 0 281 0 0 0 281
Foreign currency translation adjustments 0 0 0 (143) 0 0 (143)
Stock compensation expense $ 0 104 0 0 0 0 104
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024 30,385,000            
Balance at Mar. 31, 2024 $ 313 164,957 (117,248) (1,891) 76 (2,251) 43,956
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023 30,385,000            
Balance at Dec. 31, 2023 $ 313 164,853 (117,529) (1,748) 76 (2,251) 43,714
Net income (loss)             (60)
Foreign currency translation adjustments             $ (32)
Exercise of stock options (in shares)             (0)
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024 30,708,000            
Balance at Sep. 30, 2024 $ 317 165,186 (117,589) (1,780) 76 (2,346) $ 43,864
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024 30,385,000            
Balance at Mar. 31, 2024 $ 313 164,957 (117,248) (1,891) 76 (2,251) 43,956
Net income (loss) 0 0 (421) 0 0 0 (421)
Foreign currency translation adjustments 0 0 0 5 0 0 5
Stock compensation expense $ 0 124 0 0 0 0 124
Common shares issued upon vesting of restricted stock units (in shares) 406,000            
Common shares issued upon vesting of restricted stock units $ 4 (4) 0 0 0 0 0
Taxes paid on behalf of equity award participants (in shares) (83,000)            
Taxes paid on behalf of equity award participants $ 0 0 0 0 0 (95) (95)
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024 30,708,000            
Balance at Jun. 30, 2024 $ 317 165,077 (117,669) (1,886) 76 (2,346) 43,569
Net income (loss) 0 0 80 0 0 0 80
Foreign currency translation adjustments 0 0 0 106 0 0 106
Stock compensation expense $ 0 109 0 0 0 0 109
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024 30,708,000            
Balance at Sep. 30, 2024 $ 317 $ 165,186 $ (117,589) $ (1,780) $ 76 $ (2,346) $ 43,864
v3.24.3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Operating Activities    
Net loss $ (60) $ (999)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:    
Depreciation 248 247
Amortization 42 46
Non-cash interest income on held-to-maturity securities (109) (319)
Stock-based compensation, net of forfeitures 337 288
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:    
Accounts receivable (845) 5
Employee retention credit receivable (1,677) 0
Inventory (3) 68
Prepaid expenses, other current assets and other non-current assets 655 363
Accounts payable 842 172
Accrued liabilities and other non-current liabilities (1,215) 520
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities (1,785) 391
Investing Activities    
Purchases of equipment and patents (316) (201)
Purchases of debt securities (14,072) (14,026)
Maturities of debt securities 11,000 4,000
Net cash used in investing activities (3,388) (10,227)
Financing Activities    
Taxes paid on behalf of award participants (95) 0
Proceeds from exercise of stock options 0 42
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (95) 42
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash (36) (51)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (5,304) (9,845)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 17,578 23,328
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 12,274 $ 13,483
v3.24.3
Note 1 - General
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements  
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Text Block]

1.     General

 

Organization

 

Fuel Tech, Inc. and subsidiaries ("Fuel Tech", the "Company", "we", "us" or "our") develops and provides proprietary technologies for air pollution control, process optimization, water treatment, and advanced engineering services. These technologies enable customers to operate in a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable manner.

 

The Company’s nitrogen oxide (NOx) reduction technologies reduce nitrogen oxide emissions from boilers, furnaces, and other stationary combustion sources. To reduce NOx emissions, our technologies utilize advanced combustion modification techniques and post-combustion NOx control approaches including non-catalytic, catalytic, and combined systems. The Company also provides solutions for the mitigation of particulate matter, including particulate control with electrostatic precipitator products and services, and using flue gas conditioning systems which modify the ash properties of particulate for improved collection efficiency. The Company’s FUEL CHEM® technology improves the efficiency, reliability, fuel flexibility, boiler heat rate, and environmental status of combustion units by controlling slagging, fouling, corrosion, and opacity.  Water treatment technologies include DGI® Dissolved Gas Infusion Systems which utilize a patented gas-infusing saturator vessel and a patent-pending channel injector to deliver supersaturated oxygen-water solutions and potentially other gas-liquid combinations to target process applications or environmental issues within the municipal and industrial water sectors. The infusion process has a variety of potential applications in the water and wastewater treatment sector, including aquaculture, agriculture/horticulture, pulp & paper, tanneries, landfill leachate, irrigation, treatment of natural waters, wastewater odor management as well as supplying oxygen or other gases for biochemical reactions and pH adjustment.

 

Many of Fuel Tech’s products and services rely heavily on the Company’s computational fluid dynamics modeling capabilities, which are enhanced by internally developed, high-end visualization software.

 

Basis of Presentation

 

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Exchange Act. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for the fair statement of Fuel Tech's financial position, cash flows, and results of operations for the periods presented. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2024. For further information, refer to the audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in Fuel Tech’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended  December 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

CARES Act

 

On March 27, 2020, the U.S. government enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act") to provide certain relief as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act provides tax relief, along with other stimulus measures, including a provision for an Employee Retention Credit (“ERC”), which allows for employers to claim a refundable tax credit against the employer share of Social Security tax for qualifying periods in 2020 and 2021. Under the provisions of the CARES Act, the Company is eligible for a refundable employee retention credit subject to certain criteria.

 

As there is no authoritative guidance under U.S. GAAP on accounting for government assistance to for-profit business entities, we account for the ERC by analogy to International Accounting Standard ("IAS") 20, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance. In accordance with IAS 20, management determined it has reasonable assurance for receipt of the ERC and recorded the ERC benefit of $1,677 as other income on the Statement of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and as a component of Accounts Receivable on the Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2024.

v3.24.3
Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements  
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

2.     Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

Investments

 

In 2022, the Board of Directors approved a plan to invest up to $20,000 of excess capital in debt securities, or hold in money market funds until such investments can be made, with BMO Harris Bank N.A (BMO Harris). A portion of the funds invested are restricted as collateral under the Investment Collateral Security agreement (see Note 10). At September 30, 2024, the amount of funds collateralized under the Investment Collateral Security agreement is $2,584 relating to existing standby letters of credit that is comprised of $281 with varying maturity dates that expire no later than September 30, 2025 and $2,303 with the latest maturity date no later than  June 30, 2026.

 

We consider all highly liquid debt investments with original maturities from the date of purchase of three months or less as cash equivalents. Cash equivalents include investments in money market funds. Carrying value of cash equivalents approximates fair value due to the maturities of three months or less.

 

Our investments in debt securities consist of United States (US) Treasury securities, including Notes, Bonds, and Bills, and US Government Agency securities, which are designated as held-to-maturity (HTM) and stated at amortized cost. The Company has the positive intent and ability to hold these investments to maturity and does not expect to sell any debt securities before maturity to settle an obligation under the Investment Collateral Security agreement. The original maturities of our HTM investments range from three to thirty-six months. HTM debt investments with original maturities of approximately three months or less from the date of purchase are classified within cash and cash equivalents. HTM debt investments with original maturities at the date of purchase greater than approximately three months and remaining maturities of less than one year are classified as short-term investments. HTM debt investments with remaining maturities beyond one year are classified as long-term investments. Interest income, including amortization of premium and accretion of discount, is included on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in Interest income under the effective yield method. Accrued interest is included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Due to the creditworthiness of the entities issuing these securities, there is no impairment recorded related to the unrealized losses.

 

The following table provides the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of our HTM debt securities:

 

  

As of

 

Held-to-maturity debt securities:

 

September 30, 2024

  

December 31, 2023

 

Amortized cost

 $19,043  $15,800 

Gross unrecognized gains

  115    

Gross unrecognized losses

  (12)  (86)

Fair value

 $19,146  $15,714 

 

The following table provides the amortized cost and fair value of debt securities by maturities at September 30, 2024:

 

  

Amortized Cost

  

Fair Value

 

Within one year

 $8,162  $8,160 

After one year through two years

  10,881   10,986 

Total

 $19,043  $19,146 

 

Inventories

 

Inventories consist primarily of equipment constructed for resale and spare parts and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, using the weighted-average cost method. At  September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, inventory included equipment constructed for resale of $197 and $207, respectively, and spare parts, net of reserves, of $244 and $232, respectively. Usage is recorded in cost of sales in the period that parts were issued to a project, used to service equipment, or sold to customers. Equipment constructed for resale that is in process is recorded in Other assets. In process equipment for inventory recorded as Other assets was $597 and $618 as of  September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Inventories are periodically evaluated to identify obsolete or otherwise impaired parts and are written off when management determines usage is not probable. The Company estimates the balance of excess and obsolete inventory by analyzing inventory by age using last used and original purchase date and existing sales pipeline for which the inventory could be used. 

 

Allowance for Credit Losses

 

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, and in November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842). This guidance requires the measurement of all expected losses based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. For trade receivables and other financial instruments, we are required to use a forward-looking expected loss model rather than the incurred loss model for recognizing credit losses which reflects losses that are probable. The Company adopted these ASUs on January 1, 2023 using the prospective method. Application of the amendments did not require a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date and did not have a material impact on our financial statements. 

 

For the general risk categories, the Company uses historical losses over a fixed period, excluding certain write-off activity that was not considered a credit loss event, to determine the historical credit loss. Historical loss rates are then adjusted to consider current economic conditions and past, current, and future events and circumstances when determining expected credit losses. Investments in financial assets issued by US Government and Government Agency are considered as having zero expected credit losses and are excluded from the allowance for credit loss calculation.

 

The following table provides the roll forward of the allowance for credit losses:

 

At January 1, 2023

 $110 

Provision charged to expense

  24 

(Write-offs) / Recoveries

  (23)

At December 31, 2023

 $111 

Provision charged to expense

   

(Write-offs) / Recoveries

  (5)

At September 30, 2024

 $106 

  

v3.24.3
Note 3 - Revenue
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements  
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Text Block]

3.     Revenue

 

Disaggregated Revenue by Product Technology

 

The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by product technology:

 

  

Three Months Ended

  

Nine Months Ended

 
  

September 30,

  

September 30,

 
  

2024

  

2023

  

2024

  

2023

 

Air Pollution Control

                

Technology solutions

 $2,554  $1,910  $6,837  $7,449 

Spare parts

  424   1,339   1,428   1,938 

Ancillary revenue

  246   462   1,226   1,305 

Total Air Pollution Control technology revenues

  3,224   3,711   9,491   10,692 

FUEL CHEM

                

FUEL CHEM technology solutions

  4,627   4,277   10,359   10,044 

Total Revenues

 $7,851  $7,988  $19,850  $20,736 

 

Disaggregated Revenue by Geography

 

The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by geography, based on the location of the end-user:

 

  

Three Months Ended

  

Nine Months Ended

 
  

September 30,

  

September 30,

 
  

2024

  

2023

  

2024

  

2023

 

United States

 $5,453  $5,640  $13,519  $15,937 

Foreign Revenues

                

Latin America

  208   157   816   310 

Europe

  1,526   1,001   4,070   2,400 

Asia

  664   1,190   1,445   2,089 

Total Foreign Revenues

  2,398   2,348   6,331   4,799 

Total Revenues

 $7,851  $7,988  $19,850  $20,736 

 

Timing of Revenue Recognition

 

The following table presents the timing of our revenue recognition:

 

  

Three Months Ended

  

Nine Months Ended

 
  

September 30,

  

September 30,

 
  

2024

  

2023

  

2024

  

2023

 

Products transferred at a point in time

 $5,297  $6,078  $13,013  $13,287 

Products and services transferred over time

  2,554   1,910   6,837   7,449 

Total Revenues

 $7,851  $7,988  $19,850  $20,736 

 

Contract Balances

 

The timing of revenue recognition, billings, and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables (contract assets), and customer advances and deposits (contract liabilities) on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. In our Air Pollution Control (APC) technology segment, amounts are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms. Generally, billing occurs subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in contract assets. For the FUEL CHEM technology segment, deliveries made in the current period but billed in subsequent periods are also considered contract assets. These assets are reported on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. At September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, contract assets for APC technology projects were approximately $2,839, $2,285, and $3,082, respectively. There were no contract assets for the FUEL CHEM technology segment as of  September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022.  

 

The Company will periodically bill in advance of costs incurred before revenue is recognized, resulting in contract liabilities. These liabilities are reported on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. Contract liabilities were $775, $1,279, and $372 at September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, and are included in other accrued liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 

Changes in the contract asset and liability balances during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024 were not materially impacted by any other items other than amounts billed and revenue recognized as described previously. Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period was $20 and $1,241 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $0 and $368 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, which represented revenue from progress towards completion of our APC technology contracts.

 

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had no construction contracts in progress that were identified as a loss contract. 

 

Remaining Performance Obligations

 

Remaining performance obligations represents the transaction price of APC technology booked orders for which work has not been performed. As of September 30, 2024, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $6,444. The Company expects to recognize revenue on approximately $4,592 of the remaining performance obligations over the next 12 months with the remaining recognized thereafter. 

 

Accounts Receivable

 

The components of accounts receivable are as follows:

 

  

As of

 
  

September 30, 2024

  

December 31, 2023

 

Trade receivables

 $4,432  $4,300 

Unbilled receivables

  2,839   2,285 

Receivable for employee retention credit

  1,677    

Other short-term receivables

  360   255 

Allowance for credit losses

  (106)  (111)

Total accounts receivable

 $9,202  $6,729 

 

v3.24.3
Note 4 - Restructuring Activities
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements  
Restructuring and Related Activities Disclosure [Text Block]

4.     Restructuring Activities

 

On January 18, 2019, the Company announced a planned suspension of its APC business operation in China. This action was part of Fuel Tech’s ongoing operational improvement initiatives designed to prioritize resource allocation, reduce costs, and drive profitability for the Company on a global basis. The transition associated with the suspension of the APC business which has taken place through September 30, 2024 includes staff rationalization and reduction, supplier and partner engagement, and the monetization of certain assets. The remaining transition activities include the execution of the activities to satisfy the requirements for the remaining APC projects in China (with a backlog totaling approximately $3) and those related to subsidiary closure.

 

The following table presents our revenues and net loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 in China as follows:

 

  

Three Months Ended

  

Nine Months Ended

 
  

September 30,

  

September 30,

 
  

2024

  

2023

  

2024

  

2023

 

Total revenues

 $  $  $  $2 

Net loss

  (13)  (17)  (41)  (36)

 

The following table presents net assets in China as of  September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

 

  

As of

 
  

September 30, 2024

  

December 31, 2023

 

Total assets

 $829  $846 

Total liabilities

  92   67 

Total net assets

 $737  $779 

 

Total assets primarily consist of cash and other receivables. Total liabilities consist of accounts payable and certain accrued liabilities.

 

v3.24.3
Note 5 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements  
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Note [Text Block]

5.     Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

 

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component were as follows:

 

   

Three Months Ended

   

Nine Months Ended

 
   

September 30,

   

September 30,

 
   

2024

   

2023

   

2024

   

2023

 

Foreign currency translation

                               

Balance at beginning of period

  $ (1,886 )   $ (1,690 )   $ (1,748 )   $ (1,728 )

Other comprehensive income (loss):

                               

Foreign currency translation adjustments (1)

    106       (122 )     (32 )     (84 )

Total accumulated other comprehensive loss

  $ (1,780 )   $ (1,812 )   $ (1,780 )   $ (1,812 )

 

(1)

In all periods presented, there were no tax impacts related to rate changes and no amounts were reclassified to earnings.

 

v3.24.3
Note 6 - Treasury Stock
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements  
Treasury Stock [Text Block]

6.     Treasury Stock

 

Common stock held in treasury totaled 1,059,056 and 976,006 with a cost of $2,346 and $2,251 at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.  These shares were withheld from employees to settle personal tax withholding obligations that arose as a result of restricted stock units that vested.

 

v3.24.3
Note 7 - Earnings Per Share
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements  
Earnings Per Share [Text Block]

7.     Earnings per Share

 

Basic earnings per share excludes the dilutive effects of stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), warrants, and the nil coupon non-redeemable convertible unsecured loan notes. Diluted earnings per share includes the dilutive effect of the nil coupon non-redeemable convertible unsecured loan notes, RSUs, warrants, and unexercised in-the-money stock options, except in periods of net loss where the effect of these instruments is anti-dilutive. Out-of-money stock options and warrants are excluded from diluted earnings per share because they are unlikely to be exercised and would be anti-dilutive if they were exercised. For the three months ended  September 30, 2024 and 2023, basic earnings per share has been adjusted to include dilutive options and RSUs. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, basic earnings per share is equal to diluted earnings per share because all outstanding stock awards, warrants, and convertible loan notes are considered anti-dilutive during periods of net loss. 

 

The following table sets forth the weighted-average shares used in calculating the earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

 

  

Three Months Ended

  

Nine Months Ended

 
  

September 30,

  

September 30,

 
  

2024

  

2023

  

2024

  

2023

 

Basic weighted-average shares

  30,708,000   30,385,000   30,526,000   30,336,000 

Unexercised options and unvested RSUs

  140,000   242,000       

Diluted weighted-average shares

  30,848,000   30,627,000   30,526,000   30,336,000 

 

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, Fuel Tech had weighted-average outstanding equity awards of 132,000 and 283,700, respectively, and warrants of 2,850,000 in both periods, which were antidilutive or represent out-of-the-money options for the purpose of the calculation of diluted earnings per share. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, Fuel Tech had 279,000 incremental equity awards that were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share as the inclusion of such would have been anti-dilutive due to a net loss in the period. These equity awards could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in future years. 

 

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, Fuel Tech had weighted-average outstanding equity awards of 246,500 and 382,200, respectively, and warrants of 2,850,000 in both periods, which were antidilutive or represent out-of-the-money options for the purpose of the calculation of diluted earnings per share. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, Fuel Tech had incremental equity awards of 250,500 that were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share as the inclusion of such would have been anti-dilutive due to a net loss in the period. These equity awards could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in future years.

 

v3.24.3
Note 8 - Stock-based Compensation
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements  
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Text Block]

8.     Stock-Based Compensation

 

Fuel Tech's 2024 Long-Term Incentive Plan (2024 Plan) was adopted in June 2024 and replaced our prior incentive plan which was approved by our stockholders in 2014 (LTIP). No further grants will be made from the LTIP. The 2024 Plan and LTIP are referred to collectively as the Incentive Plans.

 

Under the Incentive Plans, awards may be granted to participants in the form of Non-Qualified Stock Options, Incentive Stock Options, Stock Appreciation Rights, Restricted Stock, RSUs, Performance Awards, Bonuses or other forms of share-based or non-share-based awards or combinations thereof. Participants in the Incentive Plans may be our directors, officers, employees, consultants, or advisors (except consultants or advisors in capital-raising transactions) as the directors determine are key to the success of our business. There are a maximum of 2,600,000 shares that may be issued or reserved for awards to participants under the Incentive Plans. As of September 30, 2024, Fuel Tech had 2,600,000 shares available for issuance under the Incentive Plans.

 

We did not record any excess tax benefits within income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Given the Company has a full valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets, there were no excess tax benefits to record for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. In addition, we account for forfeitures of awards based on an estimate of the number of awards expected to be forfeited and adjust the estimate when it is no longer probable that the employee will fulfill the service condition.

    

Stock-based compensation is included in selling, general, and administrative costs in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The components of stock-based compensation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

 

  

Three Months Ended

  

Nine Months Ended

 
  

September 30,

  

September 30,

 
  

2024

  

2023

  

2024

  

2023

 

Stock options and restricted stock units, net of forfeitures

 $109  $101  $337  $288 

After-tax effect of stock-based compensation

 $109  $101  $337  $288 

 

Stock Options

 

Stock options granted to employees under the Incentive Plans have a 10-year life and they vest as follows: 50% after the second anniversary of the award date, 25% after the third anniversary, and the final 25% after the fourth anniversary of the award date. Fuel Tech calculates stock compensation expense for employee option awards based on the grant date fair value of the award, less expected annual forfeitures, and recognizes expense on a straight-line basis over the four-year service period of the award. Stock options granted to members of our board of directors vest immediately. Stock compensation for these awards is based on the grant date fair value of the award and is recognized in expense immediately.

 

Fuel Tech uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the grant date fair value of employee stock options. The principal variable assumptions utilized in valuing options and the methodology for estimating such model inputs include: (1) risk-free interest rate – an estimate based on the yield of zero–coupon treasury securities with a maturity equal to the expected life of the option; (2) expected volatility – an estimate based on the historical volatility of Fuel Tech’s Common Stock for a period equal to the expected life of the option; and (3) expected life of the option – an estimate based on historical experience including the effect of employee terminations.

 

Stock option activity for Fuel Tech’s Incentive Plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was as follows:

 

          

Weighted- Average

     
  

Number

  

Weighted-

  

Remaining

  

Aggregate

 
  

of

  

Average

  

Contractual

  

Intrinsic

 
  

Options

  

Exercise Price

  

Term

  

Value

 

Outstanding on January 1, 2024

  270,500  $3.09         

Granted

              

Exercised

              

Expired or forfeited

  (94,500)  5.22         

Outstanding on September 30, 2024

  176,000  $1.94   1.43  $4 

Exercisable on September 30, 2024

  176,000  $1.94   1.43  $4 

 

As of September 30, 2024, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options granted under the Incentive Plans.

 

Restricted Stock Units

 

RSUs granted to employees vest over time based on continued service (typically vesting over a period between two to four years), and RSUs granted to directors vest after a one year vesting period based on continued service. Such time-vested RSUs are valued at the date of grant based on the closing price of the Common Shares on the grant date. Compensation cost, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, is amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. 

 

In addition to the time vested RSUs, the Company entered into an Executive Performance RSU Award Agreement (the “Agreement”) with certain officers, including its President and Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President, Sales (each a “2024 Participating Executive”) pursuant to which each 2024 Participating Executive will have the opportunity to earn a specified amount of restricted stock units (RSUs) based on Fuel Tech’s performance in 2024. The target amount of RSUs for each of four possible RSU award components is set for each Participating Executive for 2024. The amount of actual RSU awards to be issued is contingent on performance by the Participating Executive and the Company in the performance areas and for the measurement periods set forth in the Agreement as determined by the Company.

 

The Agreement provides for four possible RSU awards: “Look-Back RSUs,” “Total Revenue RSUs,” “New Business Growth RSUs,” and “Operating Income Growth” RSUs. If the Look-Back RSU’s are awarded, these RSUs will follow a vesting schedule that provides for vesting of one-third of the granted Look-Back RSUs after the first anniversary of the grant determination date, one-third after the second anniversary date and one-third after the third anniversary date. If the Total Revenue RSUs, New Business Growth RSUs, or Operating Income Growth RSUs targets are achieved, these RSU’s will follow a vesting schedule whereby 100% of the granted RSUs will vest one year following the grant determination date. All RSUs are valued at the date of grant based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date.

 

At  September 30, 2024, there is $972 of unrecognized compensation cost related to all non-vested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the Incentive Plan. That cost is expected to be recognized over the remaining requisite service period of 1.38 years.

 

A summary of restricted stock unit activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 is as follows:

 

      

Weighted Average

 
      

Grant Date

 
  

Shares

  

Fair Value

 

Unvested restricted stock units at January 1, 2024

  1,762,248  $1.29 

Granted

  151,000   1.09 

Vested

  (406,026)  1.14 

Forfeited

  (425,100)  1.26 

Unvested restricted stock units at September 30, 2024

  1,082,122  $1.26 

 

The fair value of restricted stock that vested during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024 was $462.

 

Deferred Directors Fees

 

In addition to the Incentive Plans, Fuel Tech has a Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors (Deferred Plan). Under the terms of the Deferred Plan, Directors can elect to defer Directors’ fees for shares of Fuel Tech Common Stock that are issuable at a future date as defined in the agreement. In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 718, Fuel Tech accounts for these awards as equity awards as opposed to liability awards. During the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, Fuel Tech recorded no stock-based compensation expense under the Deferred Plan.

v3.24.3
Note 9 - Warrants
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements  
Warrants Disclosure [Text Block]

9.      Warrants

 

The following table summarizes information about warrants outstanding and exercisable at September 30, 2024:

 

Exercise Price  Number Outstanding/Exercisable  Weighted Average Remaining Life in Years  Weighted Average Exercise Price 
$5.10   2,500,000  1.87  $5.10 
$6.45   350,000  1.87  $6.45 
     2,850,000        

 

v3.24.3
Note 10 - Debt Financing
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements  
Debt Disclosure [Text Block]

10.     Debt Financing

 

On June 30, 2022, the Company entered into an Investment Collateral Security agreement to use for the sole purpose of issuing standby letters of credit that replaces the former Cash Collateral agreement with BMO Harris. The Investment Collateral Security agreement requires us to pledge our investments as collateral for 150% of the aggregate face amount of outstanding standby letters of credit. The Company pays 250 basis points on the face values of outstanding letters of credit. There are no financial covenants set forth in the Investment Collateral Security agreement. At September 30, 2024, the Company had outstanding standby letters of credit totaling approximately $1,722 under the Investment Collateral Security agreement. At September 30, 2024, the investments held as collateral totaled $2,584. Fuel Tech is committed to reimbursing the issuing bank for any payments made by the bank under these instruments.

 

v3.24.3
Note 11 - Business Segment and Geographic Financial Data
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements  
Segment Reporting Disclosure [Text Block]

11.     Business Segment and Geographic Financial Data

 

Business Segment Financial Data

We segregate our financial results into two reportable segments representing two broad technology segments as follows:

 

 

The Air Pollution Control technology segment includes technologies to reduce NOx emissions in flue gas generated by the firing of natural gas or coal from boilers, incinerators, furnaces, and other stationary combustion sources. These include Over-Fire Air systems, NOxOUT® and HERT™ Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction systems, and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems. Our SCR systems can also include Ammonia Injection Grid, and Graduated Straightening Grid GSG™ systems to provide high NOx reductions at significantly lower capital and operating costs than conventional SCR systems. ULTRA® technology creates ammonia at a plant site using safe urea for use with any SCR application. Electrostatic Precipitator technologies make use of electrostatic precipitator products and services to reduce particulate matter. Flue Gas Conditioning systems are chemical injection systems offered in markets outside the U.S. and Canada to enhance electrostatic precipitator and fabric filter performance in controlling particulate emissions.

 

 

The FUEL CHEM® technology segment, which uses chemical processes in combination with advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics and Chemical Kinetics Modeling boiler modeling, for the control of slagging, fouling, corrosion, opacity and other sulfur trioxide-related issues in furnaces and boilers through the addition of chemicals into the furnace using TIFI® Targeted In-Furnace Injection™ technology.

 

The “Other” classification includes those profit and loss items not allocated to either reportable segment. There are no inter-segment sales that require elimination.

 

We evaluate performance and allocate resources based on reviewing gross margin by reportable segment. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies (Note 1 in our annual report on Form 10-K). We do not review assets by reportable segment, but rather, in aggregate for the Company as a whole.

 

Information about reporting segment net sales and gross margin from operations is provided below:

 

   

Air Pollution

   

FUEL CHEM

                 

Three months ended September 30, 2024

 

Control Segment

   

Segment

   

Other

   

Total

 

Revenues from external customers

  $ 3,224     $ 4,627     $     $ 7,851  

Cost of sales

    (2,095 )     (2,349 )           (4,444 )

Gross margin

    1,129       2,278             3,407  

Selling, general and administrative

                (3,225 )     (3,225 )

Research and development

                (361 )     (361 )

Operating income (loss) from operations

  $ 1,129     $ 2,278     $ (3,586 )   $ (179 )

 

   

Air Pollution

   

FUEL CHEM

                 

Three months ended September 30, 2023

 

Control Segment

   

Segment

   

Other

   

Total

 

Revenues from external customers

  $ 3,711     $ 4,277     $     $ 7,988  

Cost of sales

    (2,214 )     (2,162 )           (4,376 )

Gross margin

    1,497       2,115             3,612  

Selling, general and administrative

                (2,966 )     (2,966 )

Research and development

                (513 )     (513 )

Operating income (loss) from operations

  $ 1,497     $ 2,115     $ (3,479 )   $ 133  

 

   

Air Pollution

   

FUEL CHEM

                 

Nine months ended September 30, 2024

 

Control Segment

   

Segment

   

Other

   

Total

 

Revenues from external customers

  $ 9,491     $ 10,359     $     $ 19,850  

Cost of sales

    (5,927 )     (5,535 )           (11,462 )

Gross margin

    3,564       4,824             8,388  

Selling, general and administrative

                (9,815 )     (9,815 )

Research and development

                (1,159 )     (1,159 )

Operating income (loss) from operations

  $ 3,564     $ 4,824     $ (10,974 )   $ (2,586 )

 

   

Air Pollution

   

FUEL CHEM

                 

Nine months ended September 30, 2023

 

Control Segment

   

Segment

   

Other

   

Total

 

Revenues from external customers

  $ 10,692     $ 10,044     $     $ 20,736  

Cost of sales

    (7,155 )     (5,168 )           (12,323 )

Gross margin

    3,537       4,876             8,413  

Selling, general and administrative

                (9,126 )     (9,126 )

Research and development

                (1,144 )     (1,144 )

Operating income (loss) from operations

  $ 3,537     $ 4,876     $ (10,270 )   $ (1,857 )

 

Geographic Segment Financial Data

 

Information concerning our operations by geographic area is provided below. Revenues are attributed to countries based on the location of the end-user. Assets are those directly associated with operations of the geographic area.

 

   

Three Months Ended

   

Nine Months Ended

 
   

September 30,

   

September 30,

 
   

2024

   

2023

   

2024

   

2023

 

Revenues:

                               

United States

  $ 5,453     $ 5,640     $ 13,519     $ 15,937  

Foreign

    2,398       2,348       6,331       4,799  
    $ 7,851     $ 7,988     $ 19,850     $ 20,736  

 

   

September 30,

   

December 31,

 
   

2024

   

2023

 

Assets:

               

United States

  $ 45,789     $ 46,487  

Foreign

    4,328       3,901  
    $ 50,117     $ 50,388  

 

v3.24.3
Note 12 - Accrued Liabilities
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements  
Accounts Payable, Accrued Liabilities, and Other Liabilities Disclosure, Current [Text Block]

12.     Accrued Liabilities

 

The components of other accrued liabilities are as follows:

 

   

As of

 
   

September 30, 2024

   

December 31, 2023

 

Contract liabilities (Note 3)

  $ 775     $ 1,279  

Warranty reserve (Note 13)

    159       159  

Accrued professional fees

    55       101  

Deferred revenue

    48       103  

Other accrued liabilities

    167       292  

Total other accrued liabilities

  $ 1,204     $ 1,934  

 

v3.24.3
Note 13 - Commitments and Contingencies
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements  
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block]

13.     Commitments and Contingencies

 

Fuel Tech is subject to various claims and contingencies related to, among other things, workers compensation, general liability (including product liability), and lawsuits. The Company records liabilities where a contingent loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated. If the reasonable estimate of a probable loss is a range, the Company records the most probable estimate of the loss or the minimum amount when no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount. The Company discloses a contingent liability even if the liability is not probable or the amount is not estimable, or both, if there is a reasonable possibility that a material loss may have been incurred.

 

From time to time we are involved in litigation with respect to matters arising from the ordinary conduct of our business. In the opinion of management, based upon presently available information, either adequate provision for anticipated costs have been accrued or the ultimate anticipated costs will not materially affect our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. We do not believe we have any pending loss contingencies that are probable or reasonably possible of having a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

 

Fuel Tech issues a standard product warranty with the sale of its products to customers. Our recognition of warranty liability is based primarily on analyses of warranty claims experienced in the preceding years as the nature of our historical product sales for which we offer a warranty are substantially unchanged. This approach provides an aggregate warranty accrual that is historically aligned with actual warranty claims experienced.

 

There was no change in the warranty liability balance included in the other accrued liabilities line of the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. The warranty liability balance was $159 at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

 

v3.24.3
Note 14 - Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements  
Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]

14.     Income Taxes

 

The Company’s effective tax rate is approximately 42.9% and 0.0% for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company's effective tax rate differs from the statutory federal tax rate of 21% for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 primarily due to a full valuation allowance recorded on our United States, China and Italy deferred tax assets since we cannot anticipate when or if we will have sufficient taxable income to utilize the deferred tax assets in the future. Further, our effective tax rate differs from the statutory federal tax rate due to state taxes, differences between U.S. and foreign tax rates, foreign losses incurred with no related tax benefit, non-deductible commissions, and non-deductible meals and entertainment expenses for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

 

Fuel Tech had no unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

 

v3.24.3
Insider Trading Arrangements
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Insider Trading Arr Line Items  
Material Terms of Trading Arrangement [Text Block]

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

 

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted [Flag] false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted [Flag] false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated [Flag] false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated [Flag] false
v3.24.3
Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Investment, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Investments

 

In 2022, the Board of Directors approved a plan to invest up to $20,000 of excess capital in debt securities, or hold in money market funds until such investments can be made, with BMO Harris Bank N.A (BMO Harris). A portion of the funds invested are restricted as collateral under the Investment Collateral Security agreement (see Note 10). At September 30, 2024, the amount of funds collateralized under the Investment Collateral Security agreement is $2,584 relating to existing standby letters of credit that is comprised of $281 with varying maturity dates that expire no later than September 30, 2025 and $2,303 with the latest maturity date no later than  June 30, 2026.

 

We consider all highly liquid debt investments with original maturities from the date of purchase of three months or less as cash equivalents. Cash equivalents include investments in money market funds. Carrying value of cash equivalents approximates fair value due to the maturities of three months or less.

 

Our investments in debt securities consist of United States (US) Treasury securities, including Notes, Bonds, and Bills, and US Government Agency securities, which are designated as held-to-maturity (HTM) and stated at amortized cost. The Company has the positive intent and ability to hold these investments to maturity and does not expect to sell any debt securities before maturity to settle an obligation under the Investment Collateral Security agreement. The original maturities of our HTM investments range from three to thirty-six months. HTM debt investments with original maturities of approximately three months or less from the date of purchase are classified within cash and cash equivalents. HTM debt investments with original maturities at the date of purchase greater than approximately three months and remaining maturities of less than one year are classified as short-term investments. HTM debt investments with remaining maturities beyond one year are classified as long-term investments. Interest income, including amortization of premium and accretion of discount, is included on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in Interest income under the effective yield method. Accrued interest is included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Due to the creditworthiness of the entities issuing these securities, there is no impairment recorded related to the unrealized losses.

 

The following table provides the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of our HTM debt securities:

 

  

As of

 

Held-to-maturity debt securities:

 

September 30, 2024

  

December 31, 2023

 

Amortized cost

 $19,043  $15,800 

Gross unrecognized gains

  115    

Gross unrecognized losses

  (12)  (86)

Fair value

 $19,146  $15,714 

 

The following table provides the amortized cost and fair value of debt securities by maturities at September 30, 2024:

 

  

Amortized Cost

  

Fair Value

 

Within one year

 $8,162  $8,160 

After one year through two years

  10,881   10,986 

Total

 $19,043  $19,146 

 

Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Inventories

 

Inventories consist primarily of equipment constructed for resale and spare parts and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, using the weighted-average cost method. At  September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, inventory included equipment constructed for resale of $197 and $207, respectively, and spare parts, net of reserves, of $244 and $232, respectively. Usage is recorded in cost of sales in the period that parts were issued to a project, used to service equipment, or sold to customers. Equipment constructed for resale that is in process is recorded in Other assets. In process equipment for inventory recorded as Other assets was $597 and $618 as of  September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Inventories are periodically evaluated to identify obsolete or otherwise impaired parts and are written off when management determines usage is not probable. The Company estimates the balance of excess and obsolete inventory by analyzing inventory by age using last used and original purchase date and existing sales pipeline for which the inventory could be used. 

 

Credit Loss, Financial Instrument [Policy Text Block]

Allowance for Credit Losses

 

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, and in November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842). This guidance requires the measurement of all expected losses based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. For trade receivables and other financial instruments, we are required to use a forward-looking expected loss model rather than the incurred loss model for recognizing credit losses which reflects losses that are probable. The Company adopted these ASUs on January 1, 2023 using the prospective method. Application of the amendments did not require a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date and did not have a material impact on our financial statements. 

 

For the general risk categories, the Company uses historical losses over a fixed period, excluding certain write-off activity that was not considered a credit loss event, to determine the historical credit loss. Historical loss rates are then adjusted to consider current economic conditions and past, current, and future events and circumstances when determining expected credit losses. Investments in financial assets issued by US Government and Government Agency are considered as having zero expected credit losses and are excluded from the allowance for credit loss calculation.

 

The following table provides the roll forward of the allowance for credit losses:

 

At January 1, 2023

 $110 

Provision charged to expense

  24 

(Write-offs) / Recoveries

  (23)

At December 31, 2023

 $111 

Provision charged to expense

   

(Write-offs) / Recoveries

  (5)

At September 30, 2024

 $106 

  

v3.24.3
Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Notes Tables  
Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity [Table Text Block]
  

As of

 

Held-to-maturity debt securities:

 

September 30, 2024

  

December 31, 2023

 

Amortized cost

 $19,043  $15,800 

Gross unrecognized gains

  115    

Gross unrecognized losses

  (12)  (86)

Fair value

 $19,146  $15,714 
Investments Classified by Contractual Maturity Date [Table Text Block]
  

Amortized Cost

  

Fair Value

 

Within one year

 $8,162  $8,160 

After one year through two years

  10,881   10,986 

Total

 $19,043  $19,146 
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Table Text Block]

At January 1, 2023

 $110 

Provision charged to expense

  24 

(Write-offs) / Recoveries

  (23)

At December 31, 2023

 $111 

Provision charged to expense

   

(Write-offs) / Recoveries

  (5)

At September 30, 2024

 $106 
v3.24.3
Note 3 - Revenue (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Notes Tables  
Disaggregation of Revenue [Table Text Block]
  

Three Months Ended

  

Nine Months Ended

 
  

September 30,

  

September 30,

 
  

2024

  

2023

  

2024

  

2023

 

Air Pollution Control

                

Technology solutions

 $2,554  $1,910  $6,837  $7,449 

Spare parts

  424   1,339   1,428   1,938 

Ancillary revenue

  246   462   1,226   1,305 

Total Air Pollution Control technology revenues

  3,224   3,711   9,491   10,692 

FUEL CHEM

                

FUEL CHEM technology solutions

  4,627   4,277   10,359   10,044 

Total Revenues

 $7,851  $7,988  $19,850  $20,736 
Revenue from External Customers by Geographic Areas [Table Text Block]
  

Three Months Ended

  

Nine Months Ended

 
  

September 30,

  

September 30,

 
  

2024

  

2023

  

2024

  

2023

 

United States

 $5,453  $5,640  $13,519  $15,937 

Foreign Revenues

                

Latin America

  208   157   816   310 

Europe

  1,526   1,001   4,070   2,400 

Asia

  664   1,190   1,445   2,089 

Total Foreign Revenues

  2,398   2,348   6,331   4,799 

Total Revenues

 $7,851  $7,988  $19,850  $20,736 
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Table Text Block]
  

Three Months Ended

  

Nine Months Ended

 
  

September 30,

  

September 30,

 
  

2024

  

2023

  

2024

  

2023

 

Products transferred at a point in time

 $5,297  $6,078  $13,013  $13,287 

Products and services transferred over time

  2,554   1,910   6,837   7,449 

Total Revenues

 $7,851  $7,988  $19,850  $20,736 
Schedule of Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Table Text Block]
  

As of

 
  

September 30, 2024

  

December 31, 2023

 

Trade receivables

 $4,432  $4,300 

Unbilled receivables

  2,839   2,285 

Receivable for employee retention credit

  1,677    

Other short-term receivables

  360   255 

Allowance for credit losses

  (106)  (111)

Total accounts receivable

 $9,202  $6,729 
v3.24.3
Note 4 - Restructuring Activities (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Notes Tables  
Restructuring and Related Costs [Table Text Block]
  

Three Months Ended

  

Nine Months Ended

 
  

September 30,

  

September 30,

 
  

2024

  

2023

  

2024

  

2023

 

Total revenues

 $  $  $  $2 

Net loss

  (13)  (17)  (41)  (36)
  

As of

 
  

September 30, 2024

  

December 31, 2023

 

Total assets

 $829  $846 

Total liabilities

  92   67 

Total net assets

 $737  $779 
v3.24.3
Note 5 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Notes Tables  
Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Table Text Block]
   

Three Months Ended

   

Nine Months Ended

 
   

September 30,

   

September 30,

 
   

2024

   

2023

   

2024

   

2023

 

Foreign currency translation

                               

Balance at beginning of period

  $ (1,886 )   $ (1,690 )   $ (1,748 )   $ (1,728 )

Other comprehensive income (loss):

                               

Foreign currency translation adjustments (1)

    106       (122 )     (32 )     (84 )

Total accumulated other comprehensive loss

  $ (1,780 )   $ (1,812 )   $ (1,780 )   $ (1,812 )
v3.24.3
Note 7 - Earnings Per Share (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Notes Tables  
Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]
  

Three Months Ended

  

Nine Months Ended

 
  

September 30,

  

September 30,

 
  

2024

  

2023

  

2024

  

2023

 

Basic weighted-average shares

  30,708,000   30,385,000   30,526,000   30,336,000 

Unexercised options and unvested RSUs

  140,000   242,000       

Diluted weighted-average shares

  30,848,000   30,627,000   30,526,000   30,336,000 
v3.24.3
Note 8 - Stock-based Compensation (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Notes Tables  
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Table Text Block]
  

Three Months Ended

  

Nine Months Ended

 
  

September 30,

  

September 30,

 
  

2024

  

2023

  

2024

  

2023

 

Stock options and restricted stock units, net of forfeitures

 $109  $101  $337  $288 

After-tax effect of stock-based compensation

 $109  $101  $337  $288 
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Activity [Table Text Block]
          

Weighted- Average

     
  

Number

  

Weighted-

  

Remaining

  

Aggregate

 
  

of

  

Average

  

Contractual

  

Intrinsic

 
  

Options

  

Exercise Price

  

Term

  

Value

 

Outstanding on January 1, 2024

  270,500  $3.09         

Granted

              

Exercised

              

Expired or forfeited

  (94,500)  5.22         

Outstanding on September 30, 2024

  176,000  $1.94   1.43  $4 

Exercisable on September 30, 2024

  176,000  $1.94   1.43  $4 
Schedule of Nonvested Restricted Stock Units Activity [Table Text Block]
      

Weighted Average

 
      

Grant Date

 
  

Shares

  

Fair Value

 

Unvested restricted stock units at January 1, 2024

  1,762,248  $1.29 

Granted

  151,000   1.09 

Vested

  (406,026)  1.14 

Forfeited

  (425,100)  1.26 

Unvested restricted stock units at September 30, 2024

  1,082,122  $1.26 
v3.24.3
Note 9 - Warrants (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Notes Tables  
Schedule of Stockholders' Equity Note, Warrants or Rights [Table Text Block]
Exercise Price  Number Outstanding/Exercisable  Weighted Average Remaining Life in Years  Weighted Average Exercise Price 
$5.10   2,500,000  1.87  $5.10 
$6.45   350,000  1.87  $6.45 
     2,850,000        
v3.24.3
Note 11 - Business Segment and Geographic Financial Data (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Notes Tables  
Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment [Table Text Block]
   

Air Pollution

   

FUEL CHEM

                 

Three months ended September 30, 2024

 

Control Segment

   

Segment

   

Other

   

Total

 

Revenues from external customers

  $ 3,224     $ 4,627     $     $ 7,851  

Cost of sales

    (2,095 )     (2,349 )           (4,444 )

Gross margin

    1,129       2,278             3,407  

Selling, general and administrative

                (3,225 )     (3,225 )

Research and development

                (361 )     (361 )

Operating income (loss) from operations

  $ 1,129     $ 2,278     $ (3,586 )   $ (179 )
   

Air Pollution

   

FUEL CHEM

                 

Three months ended September 30, 2023

 

Control Segment

   

Segment

   

Other

   

Total

 

Revenues from external customers

  $ 3,711     $ 4,277     $     $ 7,988  

Cost of sales

    (2,214 )     (2,162 )           (4,376 )

Gross margin

    1,497       2,115             3,612  

Selling, general and administrative

                (2,966 )     (2,966 )

Research and development

                (513 )     (513 )

Operating income (loss) from operations

  $ 1,497     $ 2,115     $ (3,479 )   $ 133  
   

Air Pollution

   

FUEL CHEM

                 

Nine months ended September 30, 2024

 

Control Segment

   

Segment

   

Other

   

Total

 

Revenues from external customers

  $ 9,491     $ 10,359     $     $ 19,850  

Cost of sales

    (5,927 )     (5,535 )           (11,462 )

Gross margin

    3,564       4,824             8,388  

Selling, general and administrative

                (9,815 )     (9,815 )

Research and development

                (1,159 )     (1,159 )

Operating income (loss) from operations

  $ 3,564     $ 4,824     $ (10,974 )   $ (2,586 )
   

Air Pollution

   

FUEL CHEM

                 

Nine months ended September 30, 2023

 

Control Segment

   

Segment

   

Other

   

Total

 

Revenues from external customers

  $ 10,692     $ 10,044     $     $ 20,736  

Cost of sales

    (7,155 )     (5,168 )           (12,323 )

Gross margin

    3,537       4,876             8,413  

Selling, general and administrative

                (9,126 )     (9,126 )

Research and development

                (1,144 )     (1,144 )

Operating income (loss) from operations

  $ 3,537     $ 4,876     $ (10,270 )   $ (1,857 )
Schedule of Revenue from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets, by Geographical Areas [Table Text Block]
   

Three Months Ended

   

Nine Months Ended

 
   

September 30,

   

September 30,

 
   

2024

   

2023

   

2024

   

2023

 

Revenues:

                               

United States

  $ 5,453     $ 5,640     $ 13,519     $ 15,937  

Foreign

    2,398       2,348       6,331       4,799  
    $ 7,851     $ 7,988     $ 19,850     $ 20,736  
   

September 30,

   

December 31,

 
   

2024

   

2023

 

Assets:

               

United States

  $ 45,789     $ 46,487  

Foreign

    4,328       3,901  
    $ 50,117     $ 50,388  
v3.24.3
Note 12 - Accrued Liabilities (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Notes Tables  
Other Current Liabilities [Table Text Block]
   

As of

 
   

September 30, 2024

   

December 31, 2023

 

Contract liabilities (Note 3)

  $ 775     $ 1,279  

Warranty reserve (Note 13)

    159       159  

Accrued professional fees

    55       101  

Deferred revenue

    48       103  

Other accrued liabilities

    167       292  

Total other accrued liabilities

  $ 1,204     $ 1,934  
v3.24.3
Note 1 - General (Details Textual) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Employee Retention Credit Receivable $ 1,677 $ 0
v3.24.3
Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Textual) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Investment Plan, Maximum Amount. Approved     $ 20,000
Inventory, Net $ 441 $ 439  
Equipment Constructed for Resale [Member]      
Inventory, Net 197 207  
Spare Parts [Member]      
Inventory, Net 244 232  
In Process Equipment [Member]      
Inventory, Net $ 597 $ 618  
Minimum [Member]      
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Maturity Term (Month) 3 months    
Maximum [Member]      
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Maturity Term (Month) 36 months    
Asset Pledged as Collateral [Member] | Letter of Credit [Member]      
Restricted Cash and Investments $ 2,584    
Asset Pledged as Collateral [Member] | Letter of Credit [Member] | Varying Maturity Dates Expiring No Later Than September 30, 2025 [Member]      
Restricted Cash and Investments 281    
Asset Pledged as Collateral [Member] | Letter of Credit [Member] | Varying Maturity Dates Expiring No Later Than June 30, 2026 [Member]      
Restricted Cash and Investments $ 2,303    
v3.24.3
Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Amortized Cost to Fair Value of HTM Debt Securities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Amortized cost $ 19,043 $ 15,800
Gross unrecognized gains 115 0
Gross unrecognized losses (12) (86)
Fair value $ 19,146 $ 15,714
v3.24.3
Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Debt Securities by Maturity (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Within one year, amortized cost $ 8,162  
Within one year, fair value 8,160  
After one year through two years, amortized cost 10,881  
After one year through two years, fair value 10,986  
Amortized cost 19,043 $ 15,800
Fair value $ 19,146 $ 15,714
v3.24.3
Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
9 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 111 $ 110
Provision charged to expense 0 24
(Write-offs) / Recoveries (5) (23)
Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 106 $ 111
v3.24.3
Note 3 - Revenue 1 (Details Textual)
Pure in Thousands, $ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2023
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Contract with Customer, Liability, Current $ 775   $ 775   $ 1,279 $ 372
Contract with Customer, Liability, Revenue Recognized $ 20 $ 0 $ 1,241 $ 368    
Contract with Customer, Contracts in Progress, Number of Contracts Identified as Loss Contracts 0   0   0  
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Amount $ 6,444   $ 6,444      
Air Pollution Control [Member]            
Contract with Customer, Asset, after Allowance for Credit Loss 2,839   2,839   $ 2,285 3,082
FUEL CHEM [Member]            
Contract with Customer, Asset, after Allowance for Credit Loss $ 0   $ 0   $ 0 $ 0
v3.24.3
Note 3 - Revenue 2 (Details Textual)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Amount $ 6,444
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-10-01  
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Amount $ 4,592
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period (Month) 12 months
v3.24.3
Note 3 - Revenue - Revenues Disaggregated by Product Technology (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Revenues $ 7,851 $ 7,988 $ 19,850 $ 20,736
Air Pollution Control [Member]        
Revenues 3,224 3,711 9,491 10,692
Air Pollution Control [Member] | Technology Solutions [Member]        
Revenues 2,554 1,910 6,837 7,449
Air Pollution Control [Member] | Spare Parts [Member]        
Revenues 424 1,339 1,428 1,938
Air Pollution Control [Member] | Ancillary Revenue [Member]        
Revenues 246 462 1,226 1,305
FUEL CHEM [Member]        
Revenues 4,627 4,277 10,359 10,044
FUEL CHEM [Member] | Technology Solutions [Member]        
Revenues $ 4,627 $ 4,277 $ 10,359 $ 10,044
v3.24.3
Note 3 - Revenue - Revenues Disaggregated by Geography (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Revenues $ 7,851 $ 7,988 $ 19,850 $ 20,736
UNITED STATES        
Revenues 5,453 5,640 13,519 15,937
Latin America [Member]        
Revenues 208 157 816 310
Europe [Member]        
Revenues 1,526 1,001 4,070 2,400
Asia [Member]        
Revenues 664 1,190 1,445 2,089
Non-US [Member]        
Revenues $ 2,398 $ 2,348 $ 6,331 $ 4,799
v3.24.3
Note 3 - Revenue - Timing of Revenue Recognition (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Revenues $ 7,851 $ 7,988 $ 19,850 $ 20,736
Transferred at Point in Time [Member]        
Revenues 5,297 6,078 13,013 13,287
Transferred over Time [Member]        
Revenues $ 2,554 $ 1,910 $ 6,837 $ 7,449
v3.24.3
Note 3 - Revenue - Components of Accounts Receivable (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Trade receivables $ 4,432 $ 4,300  
Unbilled receivables 2,839 2,285  
Receivable for employee retention credit 1,677 0  
Other short-term receivables 360 255  
Allowance for credit losses (106) (111) $ (110)
Total accounts receivable $ 9,202 $ 6,729  
v3.24.3
Note 4 - Restructuring Activities (Details Textual)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
USD ($)
CHINA | Backlog [Member]  
Restructuring and Related Cost, Expected Cost Remaining $ 3
v3.24.3
Note 4 - Restructuring Activities - Charges and Net Assets (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2024
Mar. 31, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2023
Mar. 31, 2023
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Dec. 31, 2023
Revenues $ 7,851     $ 7,988     $ 19,850 $ 20,736  
Net loss 80 $ (421) $ 281 459 $ (1,044) $ (414) (60) (999)  
Total assets 50,117           50,117   $ 50,388
Total liabilities 6,253           6,253   6,674
CHINA                  
Revenues 0     0     0 2  
Net loss (13)     $ (17)     (41) $ (36)  
Total assets 829           829   846
Total liabilities 92           92   67
Total net assets $ 737           $ 737   $ 779
v3.24.3
Note 5 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Balance $ 43,569 $ 43,650 $ 43,714 $ 44,841
Balance 43,864 44,088 43,864 44,088
AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]        
Balance (1,886) (1,690) (1,748) (1,728)
Foreign currency translation adjustments (1) [1] 106 (122) (32) (84)
Balance $ (1,780) $ (1,812) $ (1,780) $ (1,812)
[1] In all periods presented, there were no tax impacts related to rate changes and no amounts were reclassified to earnings.
v3.24.3
Note 6 - Treasury Stock (Details Textual) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Treasury Stock, Common, Shares (in shares) 1,059,056 976,006
Treasury Stock, Common, Value $ 2,346 $ 2,251
v3.24.3
Note 7 - Earnings Per Share (Details Textual) - shares
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Weighted Average Equity Awards [Member]        
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount (in shares) 132,000 246,500 283,700 382,200
Warrant [Member]        
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount (in shares) 2,850,000 2,850,000 2,850,000 2,850,000
Incremental Equity Awards [Member]        
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount (in shares)     279,000 250,500
v3.24.3
Note 7 - Earnings Per Share - Earnings Per Share (Details) - shares
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Basic weighted-average shares (in shares) 30,708,000 30,385,000 30,526,000 30,336,000
Unexercised options and unvested RSUs (in shares) 140,000 242,000 0 0
Diluted weighted-average shares (in shares) 30,848,000 30,627,000 30,526,000 30,336,000
v3.24.3
Note 8 - Stock-based Compensation (Details Textual) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross (in shares)     0  
Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors [Member]        
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Compensation Expense     $ 0 $ 0
The 2014 Long-term Incentive Plan [Member]        
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant (in shares) 0   0  
The 2014 Long-term Incentive Plan [Member] | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Expiration Period (Year) 10 years      
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross (in shares) 0      
The 2014 Long-term Incentive Plan [Member] | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member] | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche One [Member]        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage 50.00%      
The 2014 Long-term Incentive Plan [Member] | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member] | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Two [Member]        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage 25.00%      
The 2014 Long-term Incentive Plan [Member] | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member] | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Three [Member]        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage 25.00%      
The 2014 Long-term Incentive Plan [Member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]        
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Amount $ 972   $ 972  
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition (Year)     1 year 4 months 17 days  
The 2014 Long-term Incentive Plan [Member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Minimum [Member]        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period (Year) 2 years      
The 2014 Long-term Incentive Plan [Member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Maximum [Member]        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period (Year) 4 years      
The 2014 Long-term Incentive Plan [Member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Tranche One, If Look-Back RSUs Awarded [Member]        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage     33.33%  
The 2014 Long-term Incentive Plan [Member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Tranche Two, If Look-Back RSUs Awarded [Member]        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage     33.33%  
The 2014 Long-term Incentive Plan [Member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Tranche Three, If Look-Back RSUs Awarded [Member]        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage     33.33%  
The 2014 Long-term Incentive Plan [Member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Vesting If Total Revenue RSU, New Business Growth RSU, or Operating Income Growth RSU Awarded [Member]        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage     100.00%  
The 2014 Long-term Incentive Plan [Member] | Restricted Stock [Member]        
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Vested in Period, Fair Value     $ 462  
The 2024 Plan [Member]        
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant (in shares) 2,600,000   2,600,000  
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Number of Shares Authorized (in shares) 2,600,000   2,600,000  
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expense, Tax Benefit $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
v3.24.3
Note 8 - Stock-based Compensation - Stock-based Compensation (Details) - Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member] - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Stock options and restricted stock units, net of forfeitures $ 109 $ 101 $ 337 $ 288
After-tax effect of stock-based compensation $ 109 $ 101 $ 337 $ 288
v3.24.3
Note 8 - Stock-based Compensation - Stock Option Activity (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Balance, number of options outstanding (in shares) 270,500
Balance, option, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) $ 3.09
Granted, options (in shares) 0
Granted, option, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) $ 0
Exercised, options (in shares) 0
Exercised, option, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) $ 0
Expired or forfeited, options (in shares) (94,500)
Expired or forfeited, option, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) $ 5.22
Balance, number of options outstanding (in shares) 176,000
Balance, option, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) $ 1.94
Outstanding, weighted average remaining contractual term (Year) 1 year 5 months 4 days
Outstanding, aggregate intrinsic value $ 4
Exercisable, options (in shares) 176,000
Exercisable, option, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) $ 1.94
Exercisable, weighted average remaining contractual term (Year) 1 year 5 months 4 days
Exercisable, aggregate intrinsic value $ 4
v3.24.3
Note 8 - Stock-based Compensation - Restricted Stock Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
$ / shares
shares
Balance, unvested restricted stock units, shares (in shares) 1,762,248
Balance, unvested restricted stock units, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 1.29
Granted, unvested restricted stock units, shares (in shares) 151,000
Granted, unvested restricted stock units, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 1.09
Vested, shares (in shares) (406,026)
Forfeited, restricted stock units, shares (in shares) (425,100)
Forfeited, restricted stock units, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 1.26
Balance, unvested restricted stock units, shares (in shares) 1,082,122
Balance, unvested restricted stock units, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 1.26
v3.24.3
Note 9 - Warrants - Summary of Warrants Outstanding and Exercisable (Details)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
$ / shares
shares
Number outstanding/ exercisable (in shares) 2,850,000
Warrants Issued in Connection with Private Placement [Member]  
Number outstanding/ exercisable (in shares) 2,500,000
Weighted average remaining life (Year) 1 year 10 months 13 days
Weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 5.1
The Placement Agent Warrants [Member]  
Number outstanding/ exercisable (in shares) 350,000
Weighted average remaining life (Year) 1 year 10 months 13 days
Weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 6.45
v3.24.3
Note 10 - Debt Financing (Details Textual) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2022
Sep. 30, 2024
Percentage of Face Amount of Letters of Credit As Collateral 150.00%  
Payment, Basis Points on Face Value of Letters of Credit 2.50%  
Letters of Credit Outstanding, Amount   $ 1,722
Asset Pledged as Collateral [Member]    
Investments   $ 2,584
v3.24.3
Note 11 - Business Segment and Geographic Financial Data (Details Textual)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Number of Reportable Segments 2
v3.24.3
Note 11 - Business Segment and Geographic Financial Data - Reporting Segment Net Sales and Gross Margin (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Revenues from external customers $ 7,851 $ 7,988 $ 19,850 $ 20,736
Cost of sales (4,444) (4,376) (11,462) (12,323)
Gross margin 3,407 3,612 8,388 8,413
Selling, general and administrative (3,225) (2,966) (9,815) (9,126)
Research and development (361) (513) (1,159) (1,144)
Operating income (loss) from operations (179) 133 (2,586) (1,857)
Air Pollution Control [Member]        
Revenues from external customers 3,224 3,711 9,491 10,692
Cost of sales (2,095) (2,214) (5,927) (7,155)
Gross margin 1,129 1,497 3,564 3,537
Selling, general and administrative 0 0 0 0
Research and development 0 0 0 0
Operating income (loss) from operations 1,129 1,497 3,564 3,537
FUEL CHEM [Member]        
Revenues from external customers 4,627 4,277 10,359 10,044
Cost of sales (2,349) (2,162) (5,535) (5,168)
Gross margin 2,278 2,115 4,824 4,876
Selling, general and administrative 0 0 0 0
Research and development 0 0 0 0
Operating income (loss) from operations 2,278 2,115 4,824 4,876
Other Operating Segment [Member]        
Revenues from external customers 0 0 0 0
Cost of sales 0 0 0 0
Gross margin 0 0 0 0
Selling, general and administrative (3,225) (2,966) (9,815) (9,126)
Research and development (361) (513) (1,159) (1,144)
Operating income (loss) from operations $ (3,586) $ (3,479) $ (10,974) $ (10,270)
v3.24.3
Note 11 - Business Segment and Geographic Financial Data - Geographic Segment Financial Data (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Dec. 31, 2023
Revenues $ 7,851 $ 7,988 $ 19,850 $ 20,736  
Assets 50,117   50,117   $ 50,388
UNITED STATES          
Revenues 5,453 5,640 13,519 15,937  
Assets 45,789   45,789   46,487
Non-US [Member]          
Revenues 2,398 $ 2,348 6,331 $ 4,799  
Assets $ 4,328   $ 4,328   $ 3,901
v3.24.3
Note 12 - Accrued Liabilities - Components of Other Accrued Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Contract liabilities (Note 3) $ 775 $ 1,279 $ 372
Warranty reserve (Note 13) 159 159  
Accrued professional fees 55 101  
Deferred revenue 48 103  
Other accrued liabilities 167 292  
Total other accrued liabilities $ 1,204 $ 1,934  
v3.24.3
Note 13 - Commitments and Contingencies (Details Textual) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Dec. 31, 2023
Standard Product Warranty Accrual, Period Increase (Decrease) $ 0 $ 0  
Standard Product Warranty Accrual $ 159   $ 159
v3.24.3
Note 14 - Income Taxes (Details Textual) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Dec. 31, 2023
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent 42.90% 0.00%  
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, at Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, Percent 21.00% 21.00%  
Unrecognized Tax Benefits $ 0   $ 0

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