SMXT SolarMax Technology Inc

Certain amounts in the prior period financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the presentation of the current period financial statements.  These reclassifications had no effect on the previously reported net loss.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements include the cost-based inputs to estimate revenues on long-term construction contracts, the collectability of accounts receivable and loans receivable, the useful lives and impairment of property and equipment, goodwill, the fair value of stock options granted and stock-based compensation expense, the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination, warranty and customer care reserve, the valuation of deferred tax assets, inventories and provisions for income taxes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which contemplate continuation of the Company as a going concern. The Company’s history of net losses and negative cash flow from operating activities, including its net loss and negative cash flow for the three months ended March 31, 2024, along with its increased accumulated deficit and stockholders’ deficit raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern.

At March 31, 2024, the Company reported a working capital deficit of approximately $9.1 million.  In addition, the accumulated deficit was approximately $87.9 million and the stockholders’ deficiency was approximately $585,000. In connection with these condensed consolidated financial statements, management evaluated whether there were conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to meet its obligations as they become due within one year from the date of issuance of these financial statements. Management assessed that there were such conditions and events, including a history of recurring operating losses, a history of negative cash flows from operating activities, and significant current debt.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s principal sources of liquidity consisted of approximately $4.9 million, of cash and cash equivalents, and estimated cash flow from operations. The Company believes its current cash balances coupled with anticipated cash flow from operating activities and the net proceeds of its February 2024 initial public offering are sufficient to meet the Company’s working capital requirements for at least one year from the date of the issuance of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, excluding approximately $8.0 million of debt that is due in the next twelve months for which the Company is seeking to have exchanged for five year convertible notes. Management is focused on expanding the Company’s existing business, as well as its customer base, including its continuing efforts to generate revenue from non-related parties for its China operations and to continue to increase its United States revenues. The Company is looking to continue to negotiate an exchange of a large portion of the approximately $8.0 million of the current portion of long-term related party loans for convertible notes that mature in periods beyond one year. The Company cannot predict whether it will be successful in these efforts.

As a result of the above, there is substantial doubt regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date of issuance of these financial statements. The Company cannot give assurance that it can increase its cash balances or limit its cash consumption, or obtain the exchange of any of its current debt for secured convertible debt and thus maintain sufficient cash balances for its planned operations. Future business demands may lead to cash utilization at levels greater than recently experienced. Revenue and cash flow from the Company’s China segment is irregular because of the timing of solar projects and the Company requires significant funds for its operations, particularly during periods when there is little or no revenue or cash flow from projects, and as of March 31, 2024, the Company did not have any agreements for its China segment. The Company may need to raise additional capital in the future. However, the Company cannot assure that it will be able to raise additional capital on acceptable terms, or at all.

Cash and cash equivalents consist of deposit accounts and highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of six months or less. The standard insurance coverage for non-interest bearing transaction accounts in the U.S. is $250,000 per depositor under the general deposit insurance rules of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The standard insurance coverage for non-interest bearing transaction accounts in the PRC is RMB 500,000 (approximately $73,000) per depositor per bank under the applicable Chinese general deposit insurance rules.

Restricted cash includes cash held to collateralize ACH transactions and outstanding credit card borrowing facilities.

Restricted cash at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consisted of:

Accounts receivable are reported at the outstanding principal balance due from customers. In the U.S., accounts receivable substantially include customer billings for the sales of LED products and services. In the PRC segment, accounts receivable represents the amounts billed under the contracts but uncollected on completed construction contracts. Accounts receivable are recorded at net realizable value.

The Company maintains allowances for the applicable portion of receivables, including accounts receivable, government rebate receivables and other receivables, represents the Company’s estimate of the current expected loss inherent in accounts receivable as of the balance sheet date. The adequacy of the allowance for credit losses is assessed quarterly and the assumptions and models used in establishing the allowance are evaluated regularly. Because credit losses can vary substantially over time, estimating credit losses requires a number of assumptions about matters that are uncertain. Once a receivable is deemed to be uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance. The expense related to rebates receivable is recorded as a reduction to revenues.

The contract assets primarily relate to the Company’s rights to consideration for work completed but not billed at the reporting date, primarily for the solar energy system sales in the U.S.. The contract assets are transferred to receivables when the rights become unconditional (i.e., when the permission to operate is issued). The contract liabilities primarily relate to the advance consideration received from customers related to the solar energy system sales in the U.S., for which the transfer of ownership has not occurred.

Applying the practical expedient in ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), paragraph 340‑40-25-4, the Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts (i.e., commission fees) in cost of revenue when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. These costs are included in cost of revenues.

In the U.S. segment, the Company offered its customers who meet the Company’s credit eligibility standards the option to finance the purchase of solar energy systems through installment loans underwritten through SolarMax Financial. All loans are secured by the solar energy systems or other projects being financed. The outstanding customer loan receivable balance is presented net of an allowance for loan losses. Provisions for loan losses are charged to operations in amounts sufficient to maintain the allowance for loan losses at levels considered adequate to cover expected credit losses on the customer loans. In determining expected credit losses, the Company considers its historical level of credit losses, current economic trends, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the future cash flows. Loans offered at the promotional interest rate below the market interest rate are accounted for as loan discounts and are amortized on an effective interest method to interest income over the terms of the loans. The Company has not entered into any new loan agreements since early 2020, and its revenues are from financing related to its existing loan portfolio.

Inventories consist of (a) work in progress on solar systems on housing developments and projects not yet sold; and (b) components principally consisting of photovoltaic modules, inverters, construction and other materials, and LED products, all of which are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value under the first-in first-out method. The Company reviews its inventories periodically for possible excess and obsolescence to determine if any reserves are necessary.

The estimate for excess and obsolete inventories is based on historical sales and usage experience together with a review of the current status of existing inventories.

Property and equipment are initially stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. The costs of additions and betterments are capitalized and expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to operations as incurred. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset. Leasehold improvements and solar systems leased to customers are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life of the asset.

The estimated useful lives of the major classification of property and equipment are as follows:

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price in a business combination over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company’s goodwill was derived from the acquisitions of businesses in China in April 2015.

The Company reviews goodwill for impairment at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may be impaired. The Company generally performs its annual impairment test of goodwill in the fourth quarter each year or whenever events or circumstances change or occur that would indicate that goodwill might be impaired. When assessing goodwill for impairment, the Company follows ASC Topic 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other. In determining the reporting unit’s fair value, the Company considers the underlying enterprise value and if necessary, the reporting unit’s discounted cash flow, which involves assumptions and estimates, including the reporting unit’s future financial performance, weighted-average cost of capital and interpretation of currently enacted tax laws. Circumstances that could indicate impairment and require the Company to perform a quantitative impairment test include a significant decline in the reporting unit’s financial results, a significant decline in the reporting unit’s enterprise value relative to its net book value, an unanticipated change in competition or market share and a significant change in the reporting unit’s strategic plans. For the Company’s goodwill annual testing, management determined that its reporting units are the same as its operating segments. Accordingly, the reporting unit for the goodwill annual testing is the PRC segment.

There was no impairment loss for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

The Company’s long-lived assets include property and equipment which include solar energy systems leased to customers.

In accordance with ASC Topic 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment, the Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of a long-lived asset, or group of assets, as appropriate, may not be recoverable. If the aggregate undiscounted future net cash flows expected to result from the use and the eventual disposition of a long-lived asset is less than its carrying value, then the Company would recognize an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying value over the fair value.

There was no impairment loss on such systems for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

The Company’s unconsolidated investments in the U.S. are held directly by the Company as well as through its subsidiary, SMX Capital, and consist of investments in U.S.-based solar limited liability companies: Alliance Solar Capital 1, LLC (“A#1”), Alliance Solar Capital 2, LLC (“A#2”), and Alliance Solar Capital 3, LLC (“A#3”). The Company’s U.S. segment also has an investment in a PRC-based panel manufacturer, Changzhou Hongyi New Energy Technology Co., Ltd (“Changzhou”).

At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company has unconsolidated investments in the PRC related to its 30% non-controlling interests in three project companies for which it transferred a 70% interest in 2021.

For these investments, the Company does not have the controlling interests but it has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operations and the financial decisions of the investees under the respective operating agreements. In each of the investments, the investee also maintains a separate capital account for each of its investors and accordingly, the Company has a separate capital account at each of the investees. Since the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over the investees, the Company accounts for each of these investments using the equity method of accounting, under which the Company records its proportionate share of the investee’s profit or loss based on the specified profit and loss percentage. Distributions received from equity method investees are accounted for as returns on investment and classified as cash inflows from operating activities, unless the Company’s cumulative distributions received less distributions received in prior periods that were determined to be returns of investment exceed cumulative equity in earnings recognized by the Company. When such an excess occurs, the current year distribution up to this excess would be considered a return of investment and classified as cash inflows from investing activities.

Because the Company’s investments include privately-held companies where quoted market prices are not available and as a result, the cost method, combined with other intrinsic information, is used to assess the fair value of the investment. If the carrying value is above the fair value of an investment at the end of any reporting period, the investment is reviewed to determine if the impairment is other than temporary. Investments are considered to be impaired when a decline in fair value is judged to be other-than-temporary. Once a decline in fair value is determined to be other-than-temporary, an impairment charge is recorded and a new cost basis in the investment is established. The Company monitors its investments in unconsolidated entities periodically for impairment. No impairment indicators were identified and no impairment losses were recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Workmanship Warranty

For the sale of solar and battery systems in the U.S., the Company provides a workmanship warranty for 25 years to cover the quality of the Company’s installation. The warranty is designed to cover installation defects and damages to customer properties caused by the Company’s installation of the solar energy systems and battery storage systems which generally are uncovered within 2-3 years after the installation. The 25-year warranty is consistent with the term provided by competitors and is provided by the Company to remain market competitive. The workmanship warranty does not include the product warranties (panels and inverters) which are covered directly by the manufacturers, generally for 25 years on panels and inverters, and 10 years for energy storage systems. The Company determined that its 25-year workmanship warranty for solar energy systems constitutes an assurance-type warranty and should continue to be accounted for under ASC Topic 460, Guarantees, instead of a service-type warranty which would be accounted for under Topic 606 as accost of revenues as a cost revenues.

ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”), defines a framework for determining fair value, establishes a hierarchy of information used in measuring fair value, and enhances the disclosure information about fair value measurements. ASC 820 provides that the “exit price” should be used to value an asset or liability, which is the price at which an asset could be sold or a liability could be transferred in an orderly process that is not a forced liquidation or distressed sale at the measurement date. ASC 820 also provides that relevant market data, to the extent available and not internally generated or entity specific information, should be used to determine fair value.

ASC 820 requires the Company to estimate and disclose fair values on the following three-level hierarchy that prioritizes market inputs.

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and its various updates (“Topic 606”). Revenue is measured based on the considerations specified in a contract with a customer and excludes any sales incentives and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The Company recognizes revenue when the Company satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a product or service to a customer.

Taxes assessed by government authorities that are imposed on, or concurrent with, a specific revenue-producing transaction are collected by the Company from the customer and excluded from revenue.

The Company’s principal activities from which the Company generates its revenue are described below.

Revenue from EPC Services

For energy generation assets owned and controlled by the customer, the Company recognizes revenue for sales of EPC services over time as the Company’s performance creates or enhances an energy generation asset controlled by the customer. Furthermore, the sale of EPC services represents a single performance obligation for the development and construction of a single generation asset, which is a complete solar energy project. For such sale arrangements, the Company recognizes revenue using cost-based input methods, which recognize revenue and gross profit as work is performed based on the relationship between actual costs incurred compared to the total estimated costs of the contract after consideration of the customer’s commitment to perform its obligations under the contract, which is typically measured through the receipt of cash deposits or other forms of financial security issued by creditworthy financial institutions or parent entities.

Payment for EPC services is made by the customer pursuant to the billing schedule stipulated in the EPC contract which is generally based on the progress of the construction. Once the bills are issued to the customer, the customer generally has 30 days to make the payment on the amount billed less a retainage provision which is approximately 3% to 5%, depending on the contract. The retainage amount is withheld by the customer and is paid at the conclusion of the 12-month warranty period.

In applying cost-based input methods of revenue recognition, the Company uses the actual costs incurred relative to the total estimated costs (including solar module costs) to determine the progress towards contract completion and to calculate the corresponding amount of revenue and gross profit to recognize. Cost based input methods of revenue recognition are considered a faithful depiction of the Company’s efforts to satisfy long-term construction contracts and therefore reflect the transfer of goods to a customer under such contracts. Costs incurred that do not contribute to satisfying the Company’s performance obligations (“inefficient costs”) are excluded from the Company’s input methods of revenue recognition as the amounts are not reflective of the Company’s transferring control of the solar energy system to the customer. Costs incurred towards contract completion may include costs associated with solar modules, direct materials, labor, subcontractors, and other indirect costs related to contract performance. The Company recognizes solar module and direct material costs as incurred when such items have been installed in a system.

Cost-based input methods of revenue recognition require the Company to make estimates of net contract revenues and costs to complete its projects. In making such estimates, significant judgment is required to evaluate assumptions related to the amount of net contract revenues, including the impact of any performance incentives, liquidated damages, and other payments to customers. Significant judgment is also required to evaluate assumptions related to the costs to complete its projects, including materials, labor, contingencies, and other system costs. If the estimated total costs on any contract, including any inefficient costs, are greater than the net contract revenues, the Company recognizes the entire estimated loss in the period the loss becomes known. The cumulative effect of revisions to estimates related to net contract revenues or costs to complete contracts are recorded in the period in which the revisions to estimates are identified and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. The effect of the changes on future periods are recognized as if the revised estimates had been used since revenue was initially recognized under the contract. Such revisions could occur in any reporting period, and the effects may be material depending on the size of the contracts or the changes in estimates.