PRU Prudential Plc

I Additional financial information

I(i) Group capital position

Prudential applies the Insurance (Group Capital) Rules set out in the Group-wide Supervision (GWS) Framework issued by the Hong Kong IA to determine group regulatory capital requirements (both minimum and prescribed levels). For regulated insurance entities, the capital resources and required capital included in the GWS capital measure for Hong Kong IA Group regulatory purposes are based on the local solvency regime applicable in each jurisdiction. The Group holds material participating business in Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia. Alongside the total regulatory GWS capital basis, a shareholder GWS capital basis is also presented which excludes the contribution to the Group GWS eligible group capital resources, the Group Minimum Capital Requirements (GMCR) and the Group Prescribed Capital Requirements (GPCR) from these participating funds.

Estimated GWS capital position ^{note (1)}

As at 30 June 2024, the estimated shareholder GWS capital surplus over the GPCR is $15.2 billion (31 December 2023: $16.1 billion), representing a coverage ratio of 282 per cent (31 December 2023: 295 per cent) and the estimated total GWS capital surplus over the GPCR is $18.7 billion (31 December 2023: $19.0 billion), representing a coverage ratio of 192 per cent (31 December 2023: 197 per cent). The estimated Group Tier 1 capital resources are $17.4 billion with headroom over the GMCR of $11.5 billion (31 December 2023: $18.3 billion with headroom of $12.4 billion), representing a coverage ratio of 297 per cent (31 December 2023: 313 per cent).

Notes

(1)      To reflect the recent Federal Court of Malaysia decision as described in the IFRS financial statements note D2, the 30 June 2024 GWS capital results now reflect a 49 per cent non-controlling interest instead of the previously consolidated 100 per cent economic interest. The 31 December 2023 GWS capital results have not been restated as they reflect the facts and circumstances at that time. Allowing for the non-controlling interest as a pro-forma adjustment at 31 December 2023 the estimated shareholder GWS capital surplus over GPCR reduces to $15.9 billion with a coverage ratio of 298 per cent and the estimated total GWS capital surplus over GPCR reduces to $18.8 billion with a coverage ratio of 198 per cent. The total GWS Tier 1 surplus over GMCR reduces to $12.1 billion with a coverage ratio of 319 per cent.

(2)      This allows for any associated diversification impacts between the shareholder and policyholder positions reflected in the total company results where relevant.

(3)      The total company GWS coverage ratio over GPCR presented above represents the eligible group capital resources coverage ratio as set out in the GWS framework while the total company GWS tier 1 coverage ratio over GMCR represents the tier 1 group capital coverage ratio.

(4)      Refer to section on Material changes in GMCR, GPCR, tier 1 group capital and eligible group capital resources below.

(5)      The classification of tiering of capital under the GWS framework reflects the different local regulatory regimes along with guidance issued by the Hong Kong IA. At 30 June 2024, total Tier 1 capital resources of $17.4 billion comprises: $23.5 billion of total shareholder capital resources; less $3.6 billion of Prudential plc issued subordinated and senior Tier 2 debt capital; less $3.5 billion of local regulatory tiering classifications which are classified as GWS Tier 2 capital resources primarily in Singapore and the Chinese Mainland; plus $1.0 billion of Tier 1 capital resources in policyholder funds.

GWS sensitivity analysis

The estimated sensitivity of the GWS capital position (based on the GPCR) to changes in market conditions as at 30 June 2024 and 31 December 2023 are shown below, for both the shareholder and the total capital position.

The sensitivity results assume instantaneous market movements, hence reflect the current investment portfolio and all consequential impacts as at the valuation date.  If the economic conditions set out in the sensitivities persisted, the financial impacts may differ to the instantaneous impacts shown above. These sensitivity results allow for limited management actions such as changes to future policyholder bonuses where applicable. In practice, the market movements would be expected to occur over time and rebalancing of investment portfolios would likely be carried out to mitigate the impact of the stresses as presented above. Management could also take additional actions to help mitigate the impact of these stresses including, but not limited to, market risk hedging, increased use of reinsurance, repricing of in-force benefits, changes to new business pricing and the mix of new business being sold.

Analysis of movement in total regulatory GWS capital surplus (over GPCR)

A summary of the movement in the 31 December 2023 regulatory GWS capital surplus (over GPCR) of $19.0 billion to $18.7 billion at 30 June 2024 is set out in the table below.

Further detail on the movement in free surplus of $(0.9) billion is included in the Movement in Group free surplus section of the Group's EEV basis results.

Other movements in GWS shareholder surplus not included in free surplus are driven by the differences described in the reconciliation shown later in this section. This includes movements in distribution rights and other intangibles (which are expensed on day one under the GWS requirements) and movements in the restriction applied to free surplus to better reflect shareholder resources that are available for distribution.

Material changes in GMCR, GPCR, tier 1 group capital and eligible group capital resources

Detail on the material changes in GPCR, GMCR, eligible group capital resources and tier 1 group capital are provided below.

-   Total eligible capital resources increased by $0.3 billion to $38.9 billion at 30 June 2024 (31 December 2023: $38.6 billion). This includes a $(0.9) billion reduction in tier 1 group capital to $17.4 billion (31 December 2023: $18.3 billion) more than offset by a $1.2 billion increase in tier 2 group capital to $21.5 billion (31 December 2023: $20.3 billion). The increase in total eligible capital resources is primarily driven by positive operating capital generation over the period, partially offset by external dividends paid and market (including foreign exchange) movements over the period.

-   Total regulatory GPCR increased by $0.6 billion to $20.2 billion at 30 June 2024 (31 December 2023: $19.6 billion) while the total regulatory GMCR of $5.9 billion at 30 June 2024 was broadly unchanged (31 December 2023: $5.9 billion). Movements in the GPCR and GMCR are primarily driven by increases from new business sold over the period, offset by the release of capital as the policies matured, or were surrendered and market (including foreign exchange) movements over the period.

Reconciliation of Free Surplus to total regulatory GWS capital surplus (over GPCR)

Notes

(1)      As per the 'Free surplus excluding distribution rights and other intangibles' shown in the statement of Movement in Group free surplus of the Group's EEV basis results.

(2)      Free surplus applies the embedded value reporting approach issued by the China Association of Actuaries (CAA) in the Chinese Mainland and includes a requirement to establish a deferred profit liability within EEV net worth which can be used to reduce the EEV required capital. This approach is used to assist in setting free surplus so that it reflects resources potentially available for distribution.

(3)      EEV free surplus for Hong Kong under the HK RBC regime excludes regulatory surplus that is not considered distributable immediately. This includes HK RBC technical provisions that are lower than policyholder asset shares or cash surrender floors as well as the value of future shareholder transfers from participating business (net of associated required capital) which are included in the shareholder GWS capital position.

(4)      EEV free surplus for Singapore is based on the Tier 1 requirements under the RBC2 framework, which excludes certain negative reserves permitted to be recognised in the full RBC 2 regulatory position used when calculating the GWS capital surplus (over GPCR).

Reconciliation of Group IFRS shareholders' equity to Group total GWS capital resources

Notes

(1)      As per the GWS Framework, debt in issuance at the date of designation that satisfy the criteria for transitional arrangements and qualifying debt issued since the date of designation are included as Group capital resources but are treated as liabilities under IFRS.

(2)      Asset valuation differences reflect differences in the basis of valuing assets between IFRS and local statutory valuation rules, including deductions for inadmissible assets. Differences include for some markets where government and corporate bonds are valued at book value under local regulations but are valued at market value under IFRS.

(3)      The IFRS 17 CSM represents a discounted stock of unearned profit which is released over time as services are provided. On a GWS basis the level of future profits will be recognised within the capital resources to the extent permitted by the local solvency reserving basis. Any restrictions applied by the local solvency bases (such as zeroisation of future profits) is captured in the liability valuation differences line.

(4)      Liability valuation differences (excluding the CSM) reflect differences in the basis of valuing liabilities between IFRS and local statutory valuation rules. This includes the negative impact of moving from the IFRS 17 best estimate reserving basis to a more prudent local solvency reserving basis (including any restrictions in the recognition of future profits) offset by the fact that certain local solvency regimes capture some reserves within the required capital instead of the capital resources.

(5)      Differences in associated net deferred tax liabilities mainly results from the tax impact of changes in the valuation of assets and liabilities.

(6)      Other differences mainly reflect the inclusion of subordinated debt in Chinese Mainland as local capital resources on a C-ROSS II basis as compared to being held as a liability under IFRS.

Basis of preparation for the Group GWS capital position

Prudential applies the Insurance (Group Capital) Rules set out in the GWS Framework to determine group regulatory capital requirements (both minimum and prescribed levels). The summation of local statutory capital requirements across the Group is used to determine group regulatory capital requirements, with no allowance for diversification between business operations. The GWS eligible group capital resources is determined by the summation of capital resources across local solvency regimes for regulated entities and IFRS shareholders' equity (with adjustments described below) for non-regulated entities.

In determining the GWS eligible group capital resources and required capital the following principles have been applied:

-   For regulated insurance entities, capital resources and required capital are based on the local solvency regime applicable in each jurisdiction, with minimum required capital set at the solo legal entity statutory minimum capital requirements and prescribed capital requirement set at the level at which the local regulator of a given entity can impose penalties, sanctions or intervention measures;

-   The classification of tiering of eligible capital resources under the GWS framework reflects the different local regulatory regimes along with guidance issued by the Hong Kong IA. In general, if a local regulatory regime applies a tiering approach then this should be used to determine tiering of capital on a GWS capital basis, where a local regulatory regime does not apply a tiering approach then all capital resources should be included as Group Tier 1 capital. For non-regulated entities tiering of capital is determined in line with the Insurance (Group Capital) Rules.

-   For asset management operations and other regulated entities, the capital position is derived based on the sectoral basis applicable in each jurisdiction, with minimum required capital based on the solo legal entity statutory minimum capital requirement;

-   For non-regulated entities, the capital resources are based on IFRS shareholder equity after deducting intangible assets. No required capital is held in respect of unregulated entities;

-   For entities where the Group's interest is less than 100 per cent, the contribution of the entity to the GWS eligible group capital resources and required capital represents the Group's share of these amounts and excludes any amounts attributable to non-controlling interests. This does not apply to investment holdings which are not part of the Group;

-   Investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates (including, if any, loans that are recognised as capital on the receiving entity's balance sheet) are eliminated from the relevant holding company to prevent the double counting of capital resources;

-   At 30 June 2024 all debt instruments with the exception of the senior debt issued in 2022 are included as Group capital resources. The eligible amount permitted to be included as Group capital resources for transitional debt is based on the net proceeds amount translated using 31 December 2020 exchange rates for debt not denominated in US dollars. Under the GWS Framework, debt instruments in issuance at the date of designation that satisfy the criteria for transitional arrangements and qualifying debt issued since the date of designation are included in eligible group capital resources as tier 2 group capital;

-   The total company GWS capital basis is the capital measure for Hong Kong IA Group regulatory purposes as set out in the GWS framework. This framework defines the eligible group capital resources coverage ratio (or total company GWS coverage ratio over GPCR as presented above) as the ratio of total company eligible group capital resources to the total company GPCR and defines the tier 1 group capital coverage ratio (or total company GWS tier 1 coverage ratio over GMCR as presented above) as the ratio of total company tier 1 group capital to the total company GMCR; and

-   Prudential also presents a shareholder GWS capital basis which excludes the contribution to the Group GWS eligible group capital resources, the GMCR and GPCR from participating business in Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia. In Hong Kong the present value of future shareholder transfers from the participating business are included in the shareholder GWS eligible capital resources along with an associated required capital, this is in line with the local solvency presentation. The shareholder GWS coverage ratio over GPCR presented above reflects the ratio of shareholder eligible group capital resources to the shareholder GPCR.

I(ii) Analysis of total segment profit by business unit

The table below presents the half year 2023 results on both AER and CER bases to eliminate the impact of exchange translation. The half year 2023 CER results were calculated using the half year 2024 average exchange rates.

(a)  Eastspring adjusted operating profit

Notes

(1)      Operating income before performance-related fees for Eastspring can be further analysed as follows (institutional below includes internal funds under management or under advice). During the second half of 2023 the Group reclassified funds under management and associated income between Retail and Institutional. Amounts are now classified as retail or institutional based on whether the owner of the holding, where known, is a retail or institutional investor. Half year 2023 comparatives have been restated to be on a comparable basis.

(2)      Operating income and expense include the Group's share of contribution from joint ventures. In the consolidated income statement of the Group IFRS financial results, the net income after tax of the joint ventures and associates is shown as a single line item. A reconciliation is provided in note II(v) of this Additional information.

(3)      Margin represents operating income before performance-related fees as a proportion of the related funds under management or advice. Half year figures have been annualised by multiplying by two. Monthly closing internal and external funds managed or advised by Eastspring have been used to derive the average. Any funds held by the Group's insurance operations that are not managed or advised by Eastspring are excluded from these amounts.

(b)  Eastspring total funds under management or advice

Eastspring manages funds from external parties and also funds for the Group's insurance operations. In addition, Eastspring advises on certain funds for the Group's insurance operations where the investment management is delegated to third-party investment managers. The table below analyses the total funds managed or advised by Eastspring. All amounts are presented on an AER basis unless otherwise stated.

Notes

(1)  During the second half of 2023 the Group reclassified funds under management and associated income between Retail and Institutional. Half year 2023 comparatives have been restated to be on a comparable basis. Movements in external funds under management, excluding those managed on behalf of M&G plc, are analysed below:

*      In the table above the ending balance of $103,589 million includes $12,787 million relating to Asia Money Market Funds (MMF) at 30 June 2024 (30 June 2023: $11,848 million; 31 December 2023: $11,775 million). Investment flows for half year 2024 include Eastspring MMF gross inflows of $34,156 million (half year 2023: $33,742 million; full year 2023: $66,340 million) and net inflows of $904 million (half year 2023: $727 million; full year 2023: $1,123 million).

(2)      Movements in funds managed on behalf of M&G plc are analysed below:

(3)      Total funds under management or advice are analysed by asset class below (multi-asset funds include a mix of debt, equity and other investments):

I(iii) Group funds under management

For Prudential's asset management businesses, funds managed on behalf of third parties are not recorded on the balance sheet. They are, however, a driver of profitability. Prudential therefore analyses the movement in the funds under management each period, focusing on those which are external to the Group and those primarily held by the Group's insurance businesses. The table below analyses the funds of the Group held in the balance sheet and the external funds that are managed by Prudential's asset management businesses. It excludes the assets classified as held for sale. All amounts are presented on an AER basis unless otherwise stated.

Note

Total Group funds under management comprise:

I(iv) Holding company cash flow

The holding company cash flow describes the movement in the cash and short-term investments of the centrally managed group holding companies and differs from the IFRS cash flow statement, which includes all cash flows in the period including those relating to both policyholder and shareholder funds. The holding company cash flow is therefore a more meaningful indication of the Group's central liquidity. All amounts are presented on an AER basis unless otherwise stated.

Notes

(1)    Net cash remitted by business units comprise dividends and other transfers, net of capital injections, that are reflective of earnings and capital generation. The remittances in full year 2023 were net of cash advanced to CPL of $176 million that has subsequently been converted into capital injection in half year 2024.

(2)      Including IFRS 17 implementation and restructuring costs paid in the period.

(3)      Cash inflows from other corporate activities were $12 million (half year 2023: $282 million; full year 2023: $226 million), with 2023 largely related to proceeds received from the sale of our remaining shares in Jackson Financial Inc., as well as dividend receipts.

Proceeds from the Group's commercial paper programme are not included in the holding company cash and short-term investments balance. The table below shows the reconciliation of the Cash and cash equivalents unallocated to a segment (Central operations) held on the IFRS balance sheet (as shown in note C1) and Cash and short-term investments held by holding companies at the end of each period:

I(v) New business schedules

The format of the schedules is consistent with the distinction between insurance and investment products as applied for previous reporting periods. Insurance products refer to those classified as contracts of insurance business for local regulatory reporting purposes. New business premiums reflect those premiums attaching to covered business, including premiums from contracts designated as investment contracts under IFRS reporting. Regular premium products are shown on an annualised basis.

The details shown for insurance products include contributions from contracts that are classified under IFRS 17, 'Insurance Contracts', as not containing significant insurance risk. These products are described as investment contracts or other financial instruments under IFRS 17, primarily represent unit-linked business and which are included on the balance sheet as investment contracts and similar contracts written in insurance operations.

Investment products referred to in the tables for funds under management are unit trusts, mutual funds and similar types of retail fund management arrangements. These are unrelated to insurance products that are classified as investment contracts under IFRS 17, as described in the preceding paragraph, although similar IFRS recognition and measurement principles apply to the acquisition costs and fees attaching to this type of business.

Annual premium equivalent (APE) and new business profit (NBP) are determined using the EEV methodology set out in note 6 of our EEV basis results supplement. In determining the EEV basis value of new business written in the period when policies incept, premiums are included at projected cash flows on the same basis of distinguishing regular and single premium business as set out for local statutory basis reporting. APE sales are subject to rounding.

In Schedule A, B and C below, new business in CPL is included at Prudential's 50 per cent interest in the joint venture; new business in India is included at Prudential's 22 per cent interest in the associate. In schedule D below, Mandatory Provident Fund (MPF) product flows in Hong Kong are included at Prudential's 36 per cent interest in the Hong Kong MPF business. All other businesses are included at 100 per cent.

Schedule A Insurance new business (AER and CER)

Schedule B Insurance new business APE and PVNBP (AER and CER)

Note

Comparative results for the first half (H1) and second half (H2) of 2023 are presented on both actual exchange rates (AER) and constant exchange rates (CER). The H2 amounts are presented on year-to-date average exchange rates (including the effect of retranslating H1 results for movements in average exchange rates between H1 and the year-to-date).

Schedule C Insurance new business profit and margin (AER and CER)

Schedule D Investment flows and FUM (AER)

II Calculation of alternative performance measures

Prudential uses alternative performance measures (APMs) to provide more relevant explanations of the Group's financial position and performance. This section sets out explanations for each APM and reconciliations to relevant IFRS balances. All amounts are presented on an AER basis unless otherwise stated.

II(i) Adjusted operating profit

The measurement of adjusted operating profit reflects that, for the insurance business, assets and liabilities are held for the longer term. Management believes trends in underlying performance are better understood if the effects of short-term fluctuations in market conditions, such as changes in interest rates or equity markets, are excluded.

This measurement basis distinguishes adjusted operating profit from other constituents of total profit or loss for the period, including short-term fluctuations in investment returns and loss on corporate transactions. A full reconciliation to profit after tax is given in note B1.1 to the IFRS consolidated financial statements.

II(ii) Adjusted shareholders' equity

Adjusted shareholders' equity is calculated by adding the IFRS 17 expected future profit excluding the amount attributable to non-controlling interests and related tax (shareholder CSM), to IFRS shareholders' equity for all entities in the Group, including life joint ventures and associates. Management believes this is a helpful measure that provides a reconciliation to the EEV framework which is often used for valuations. The main difference between the Group's EEV measure and adjusted shareholders' equity is economics as explained in note II(viii). See note C3.1 to the IFRS condensed consolidated financial statements for the split of the balances excluding joint ventures and associates and the Group's share relating to joint ventures and associates and a reconciliation from IFRS shareholders' equity to adjusted shareholders' equity.

II(iii) Return on IFRS shareholders' equity

This measure is calculated as adjusted operating profit, after tax and non-controlling interests, divided by average IFRS shareholders' equity.

Detailed reconciliation of adjusted operating profit to IFRS profit before tax for the Group is shown in note B1.1 to the Group IFRS financial results. Half year profits are annualised by multiplying by two.

*      Operating profit and IFRS shareholders' equity are net of the non-controlling interest arising in Malaysia at 1 January 2024 of 49 per cent.

II(iv) IFRS shareholders' equity per share

IFRS shareholders' equity per share is calculated as closing IFRS shareholders' equity divided by the number of issued shares at the end of the period.

II(v) Eastspring cost/income ratio

The cost/income ratio is calculated as operating expenses, adjusted for commissions and share of contribution from joint ventures and associates, divided by operating income, adjusted for commission, share of contribution from joint ventures and associates and performance-related fees.