EXHIBIT 1

JOINT FILING AGREEMENT
PURSUANT TO RULE 13d-1(k)

The undersigned acknowledge and agree that the foregoing statement on Schedule 13D is filed on behalf of each of the undersigned and that all subsequent amendments to this statement on Schedule 13D shall be filed on behalf of each of the undersigned without the necessity of filing additional joint filing agreements.  The undersigned acknowledge that each shall be responsible for the timely filing of such amendments, and for the completeness and accuracy of the information concerning him or it contained herein and therein, but shall not be responsible for the completeness and accuracy of the information concerning the others, except to the extent that he or it knows or has reason to believe that such information is inaccurate.

DATE:  December 27, 2024

  SABA CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P.

/s/ David Han
  Name: David Han
Title: Chief Compliance Officer
   
  SABA CAPITAL MANAGEMENT GP, LLC

/s/ Michael D'Angelo 
Name: Michael D'Angelo
Title: Authorized Signatory
   
  BOAZ R. WEINSTEIN

/s/ Michael D'Angelo
  Name: Michael D'Angelo
  Title: Attorney-in-fact*
   
  Title: Attorney-in-fact*


EXHIBIT 2

Schedule A

This Schedule sets forth information with respect to each purchase and sale of Common Shares which were effectuated by Saba Capital during the past sixty days.  All transactions were effectuated in the open market through a broker. 

Trade Date

Buy/Sell

Shares

Price

12/10/2024

Sell

4,015

44.26

12/11/2024

Sell

1,100

43.81

12/16/2024

Sell

9,580

43.49

12/17/2024

Sell

9,017

42.86

12/18/2024

Sell

2,180

42.82

12/19/2024

Sell

6,470

41.37

12/20/2024

Sell

17,395

41.87

12/23/2024

Buy

654,770

29.90

12/23/2024

Sell

8,363

42.31

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