| | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, |
| | | 2023 | | | 2022 (as adjusted) |
Net cash used in operating activities | | $ | (1,820) | | $ | (9,149) |
Changes in working capital and other items | | | 4,253 | | | 11,385 |
Non-cash adjustments to net loss | | | (254) | | | (534) |
EBITDA | | $ | 2,179 | | $ | 1,702 |
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal sources of cash are amounts earned from the seismic data acquisition services we provide to our clients. Our principal uses of cash are the amounts used to provide these services, including expenses related to our operations and acquiring new equipment. Accordingly, our cash position depends (as do our revenues) on the level of demand for our services. Historically, cash generated from our operations along with cash reserves and borrowings from commercial banks have been sufficient to fund our working capital requirements and, to some extent, our capital expenditures.
Cash Flows. Net cash used in operating activities was $1,820,000 and $9,149,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This decrease was primarily due to cash received for an employee retention credit of $3,035,000 in 2023 along with various changes in the balances of our operating assets and liabilities.
Net cash used in investing activities was $2,595,000 and $18,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in cash used in investing activities between periods of $2,577,000 was primarily due to an increase in cash capital expenditures to $1,606,000 for the first three months of 2023 compared to capital expenditures of $28,000 for the same period of 2022. Additionally, in connection with the Transaction, Breckenridge acquired $1,000,000 of short-term investments that was a deemed distribution in the non-cash section of our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Net cash used in financing activities was $3,224,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and was primarily comprised of principal payments of $144,000 and $25,000 under our notes payable and finance leases, respectively. Additionally, in connection with the Transaction, Breckenridge had cash distributions of $3,055,000. Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $1,647,000 and was primarily comprised of principal payments of $328,000 and $9,000 under our notes payable and finance leases, respectively and tax withholdings related to stock-based compensation awards. These amounts were offset by sales of our treasury stock of $113,000 and Breckenridge cash contributions of $1,950,000 in connection with the Transaction.
Capital Expenditures. The Board of Directors approved an initial 2023 capital budget in the amount of $5,000,000 for capital expenditures, which was limited to necessary maintenance capital requirements and incremental recording channel replacement or increase. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, we have spent $1,117,000 on capital expenditures, primarily for rolling stock and maintenance capital requirements. In recent years, we have funded most of our capital expenditures through cash flow from operations, cash reserves, equipment term loans and finance leases.
We continually strive to supply our clients with technologically advanced 3-D seismic data acquisition recording services and data processing capabilities. We maintain equipment in and out of service in anticipation of increased future demand for our services.
Capital Resources. Historically, we have primarily relied on cash generated from operations, cash reserves and borrowings from commercial banks to fund our working capital requirements and, to some extent, our capital expenditures. We have funded some of our capital expenditures through commercial bank borrowings, finance leases and equipment term loans. The amount of borrowings available to us under our existing credit facility are determined in part by the amount of our eligible accounts receivable.
Loan Agreement
Dominion Credit Facility. On September 30, 2019, we entered into a Loan and Security Agreement with Dominion Bank. On March 21, 2023, we entered into a Fourth Loan Modification Agreement to the Loan and Security Agreement (as amended by (i) that certain Loan Modification Agreement dated as of September 30, 2020, (ii) that certain Second Loan Modification Agreement dated as of September 30, 2021, (iii) that certain Third Loan Modification Agreement dated as of September 30, 2022, and (iv) the Fourth Modification, the “Loan Agreement”) for the purpose of (a) amending the principal amount under our line of credit with Dominion Bank, and (b) obtaining Dominion Bank’s consent with respect to our consummation of the Transaction and related waivers with respect to implicated covenants. The Loan Agreement now provides for a secured revolving credit facility in an amount up to the lesser of (I) $5,000,000 or (II) a sum equal to (A) 80% of our eligible accounts receivable plus (B) 100% of the amount on deposit with Dominion Bank in our collateral account, including a certificate of deposit for $5,000,000. Previously, Dominion Bank’s commitment was for up to $10,000,000. We received a limited waiver and consent from Dominion Bank with respect to any non-compliance with applicable covenants under the Loan Agreement, including the tangible net worth covenant, in connection with the Purchase Agreement and the issuance of the common shares and the Convertible Note